https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/074d72832552ce2b3dfc4286d628d125.pdf b7233ea0910ccd64169df4765e4678a2 PDF Text Text PAET III NEVADA �Pf\ P. r-3- ' BULLFROG, \T3vaD4 j Shorty Harris had never made a big stake. He had made a strike or two, but somehow it always seemed to slip through his fingers. The finds that he kept always turned out shallow, and the ones he sold made the buyer rich. There was always the next one, and that one he would handle ricrht, for Shorty figured he had used up all the wrong ways. Late in the summer of 1904, Shorty Harris and his friend, Ernest Cross, split off from a group of prospectors at Daylight Springs in^^^^^thern Nevada and headed west to a spot Shorty had noted some years earlier. On August 4 the two prospectors found some greenish rock containing Im/^ bedded quartz, and in the quartz were granular chunks of gold Smooth portions of the rock resembled the back of a bullfrog. They ground up some of the rock and panned out the Kold. It was rich as any ore they had ever seen — and this time it wasn’t someone else holding on to it. This could be the bi{7 one! Harris and Gross checked the area closely and staked out the best deposits/\ ^en, with foresight, staked out a mill site and water rights. samples they could They loaded up all the and headed for Goldfield. On the way �they stopped at Beatty's Ranch, and heyan to snread, norter clalTied It spread so fast word of the X^rike that one newspaper re-^ the two nen met prospectors coming at them from Goldfield when they were still miles out and that when the two discoverers reached Goldfield, all of Goldfield was staking claims near ^e Bullfrog. The story is only slightly exaggerated, for 7,000 people were on the site within a few months. Shorty's credit was good at every bar in Goldfield, £ and he exercised his x^rogatlve in all of them. Later he claimed that six days of drinklns- too much "Oh-Be-Joyful" had addled his braint He didn't remember signing the deed, but there it was ~ with seven witnesses.-^ he had sold his half of The Bullfrog for ^l,OOo! Another stake had slipped from his grasp. Later Shorty claimed it was $25,000, probably in an attempt to sound as astute as his partner, Ernest Cross, who had held out for that fiyure. His partner claimed that Shorty had sold his interest for just $400^ claimed it was $500 and a mule. others The latter version isn't likely, since Shorty hated mules, much preferring jackasses. In fact, his vravestone was later to be inscribed: "Here Lies Shorty Harris, A Single Blanket Jackass Prospector." Shorty became famous as the best and the poorest prospector in-------- -—- -------------- - ' ' �the southwest. Wherever he went, he left a trail of riches behind. The Bullfrog strike was made in August, and by November nearly a dozen tent towns had sprung up, some near the original claim and others scattered about the flats near Ladd Mountain a few miles to the east. Water had to be hauled in. Freighting costs made it nearly equal in price to unaged whiskey. liquor a bargain by comparison. That made hard It was in such demand that many of the shipments were intercepted enroute and consumed on the spot. It was common practice to set up shop at the point of interception. It was several months before the opene air bars satisfied the demand and were able to migrate to the mining camps. Land promoters attempted to lure residents to To get "their" towns in order to sell lots at a profit. things started they all offered free lots, and some escalated the competition with the offer of free house?moving. shifting of homes and The relocation^ of business places finally slowed as two dominant towns emergedS Bullfrog, on the flat south of Sutherland Mountain, and Rhyolite, a mile to the north. Promoters of both towns knew that only one could survive. The competition was heavy. Each town built to match the other -- and by May 30, 1905, both had larsre hotels, newspapers, water systems, nowopapoiii and post offices. A �Within a year Hhyolite emercred as the winner. It was a more substantial town with a number of twos and three: story rock buildinss^s under construction. Lots in Bullfrog dropped in value, and stores along its main street became vacant. When the last business place moved io Rhyo­ lite, the Rhyolite Herald proclaimed* "Verily the Bullfrog Croaketh," That was in May of 1906, and in June of the same year the big threes story hotel «e^Bullfrog burned to the ground. The town had boomed and collapsed in less than two years, The map!^ of the area indicates the ruins of two buildings and a cemetery at the site of Bullfroc, totally accurate. It is The road to the west, part of it atop the old railroad grade, leads to the collapsed structures of the oriarinal Bullfrog Mine, caved in, Of the mine shafts there, some are ^hers are filled with the debris of fallen buildings, r * MAP NOTE* The Bullfrog, Nevada, 15 minute topographic map of the United States Geological Survey shows Bullfrog, the Discovery Mlneyy^and other settlements in the area. �RHYQLITS, MSVAPA / When Bullfrog "croaked " In I906, the population of Rhyolite increased by several hundred. The first of three railroads reached town the same year^and Rhyolite took a second giant step forward. The town was exploding much faster than profits from the mines warranted. Hine stocks were high:priced and selling fast. had arrived too late for the Gold^ People field boom were primed for this one. This was the time, and Rhyolite was the place^to make a fortune. The boom was still resounding when the first signs of the bust appeared. Some of the smaller claims had been found wanting, and the original Bullfrog Mine had found the end of its lode. In spite of the warning signs. Rhyolite continued to grow. The tracks of two more railroads reached town in 1907, and the population jumped from 6,000 to 10,000. Threei story buildings made of local rhyolite rock were springing up. Pour banks and four newspapers were in operation, and construc­ tion was started on a large^concrete schoolhouse. Boundary lines had to be drawn in town to prevent the encroachment of the rapidly expanding red-light district. The alley one half block east of main street was the western boundary. A new jail was built in the direction of the exT^ panslon, in order that it be handy to the customer. �The town had three separate water systems. The pressure in some mains was in excess of 70 pounds per square inch, A had fire in the red-lfT^t district, hastened hv wind, threatened to spread into the business district. The hisch pressure in the waterline hurst the first two hoses hooked up. New hoses were strung from hydrants with lower pressure, and the blaze contained. The financial panic of 190? caused most of Hhyolite’s mines to close down. The Montgomery Shoshone, two miles northeast of town, was a notable exception. Its continued operation prevented the immediate collapse of Rhyolite, The Montgomery Shoshone lode was discovered by an Indian lad (the legend goes) who was tricked into trading it for a pair of pants and two dollars, S. A. Montgomery, the purchaser, claimed, to the contrary, that he had hired the Indian and in fact had paid him well. Further, Montgomery stated^tiMbt it was by his own efforts thfit the best ore was located. Montgomery sold the mine for^2 million (some report|’*5 million), and within a year its stock was evaluated at million. When the mine finally closed in 1910, it had grosseoj^a million in gold but was still deeply in debt on the newly built Schwab Mill, lOo — / �/2^ The population of Hhyolite had been dropping for two years, but in 1910» when the Shoshone closed, it plummeted to less than a thousand. with 1912 The newly completed school opened students rattling about its spacious corridors. In the massive station of the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad, built just a few years earlier, was suddenly deserted when train service was terminated. A few years later the tracks were torn up for scrap, and even the diehards left town. homes were hauled away. Many All but a few of the remaining struc^ tures were burned or dynamited to save on taxes. The railroad station was bought by the McLaughlins and remodeled as a home. It was the only major building in town to escape razing. Later the old station served as bar, gambling house, and country store. Mow it is a combination residence, museum^and tourist shop. The old station stands alone amid the ravaged ruins of Rhyolite. MAP NOTSj \ Details may be found on the Bullfrog, Nevada^ 15 minute United States Geological Survey topographic map. ^2^ �GOLD POINT, ^SVAPA There are no detailed maps available for the area around Gold Point, and they are hardly necessary, since the town can be seen straix^ht down the road from the Junction on U.S, 95, (l^mlles away. The huddle of bulldinis^s next to the lights colored mine dumps at the base of Slate Ridge is the town of Gold Point. Seven miles of that straight road is blacktop JUv-axixv 3), and the remaining is good crravel. The dry^ clear air fools one into thinking the town is constantly traveling away at a speed equal to that? -af one’s own approach. Of the 225 buildings that stood in the town of Gold Point ^nce called Lime Point three or four dozen remain. and then Hornsilver^ only Compared to most ghost towns, that’s a considerable remnant. There is an owner in residence at present, and he has thoughtfully laid down the ground rules by means of a small sign at the edge of town. In effect, the message asks the visitor to be careful where he trespasses and to keep hands off the property ~ but to take all the pictures his heart desires. And Gold Point is photogenic. There are three "business districts," one at the deserted gas pump and store, another a few blocks northwest, and the last near a mine about a quarter of a mile to the south. The one near the mine has on its false front a �sign that can barely be made out — "Hornsllver Townsite and Telephone Company." In front of the building are the remains of the two very old gas pumps, one of them adverti^^ ing filtered gasoline. Old deserted mines are scattered in every direction. Many are quite intact. A number of gallows wheels (pulley wheels at the top of head frames) lie about as if someone forced to quickly wae caught in the act of looting and divest himself of incriminating evidence. The largest and most impressive remnant in Gold Point is the blockulong business district at the northwest edge of town. In one single string there are four weathered old stores standing alone and forlorn. Three are connected and seem to gain strength from each other's presence. A twos store space separates the cluster from the end store, and beyond that atruoture are the collapsed walls of yet another place of business. Limestone was mined here in 1868, and during that time the town was called Lime Point. In I9O8 silver ore was found and the town boomed. changed to Hornsllver, Hornsllver Herald. highrgrade The name was The local newspaper was called Thirteen saloons mushroomed, and there was talk of a railrosid. By I910 the town had reached its maximum size. /o3 - I �The period from I905 to 1911 was wild. At least the old duffer from 'layer, Arizona^ re membered it that way. He used to prospect the washes for yold. "Found some too," he claimed, "and I would have kept a lot more if I hadn't been cheated out of it," He and his partner had located some good sand. They flipned to see who would cro file on it. won and headed for Gold Point. His buddy He returned three days later ~ "with a hanyover and three strangers. got drunk and sold our claim ~ Seems he went and claim!" The old-timer (he’s the one wanted to remain "unanimous") had little good to say about some of the :iner?^ chants in the boot^ towns and mining camps nearby. "They was always cheatin' on the whiskey. it was half water ~ wouldn't even burn your tongue," Most of He seemed to yet a little angry at something he Just recalled. "There was one old crook that ran a saloon outside of Gold Point, on the way to the old Oriental camp. He used to enjoy takin' a pinch of dust for a drink, like they done years before, Everyone thought that it was all right Hil they noticed his pinchin' fingers had dents in 'em." his thumb and forefinger. He demonstrated with "Most of us guys had heard of bartenders yrowln' long fingernails, or runnin' their hands through the grease in their hair, but we never seen this pulled before. We raised hell with him and made him use �his left hand. Then one day we see his left hand ha^ got dents — and we find out he's been squeezin' a button in his pocket Just before he takes a pinch. gonna hang him. Told him we was He didn't even take us serious, so we did. We hung him a little. Didn't hurt him much. Jest redded up his neck and maybe stretched it some." In spite of the poor results experienced by some prospectors, increasing: amounts of gold were found. Silver deposits were petering out, and by 1930 more gold was being mined than silver. its name again. Obviously the town would have to change Newly christened Gold Point, the town perked along for another years before it folded. In 1955 there was one store serving the needs of thirteen resl' dents. Now the store is closedy^and the number of residents is even less. Several of the old miners' houses have been kept up as vacation homes. Near one of them is an outhouse of unusual construction — quite appropriate to its occasijnal use ^specially in the event of flu, the "green apple splatters^^ or some other similarly explosive happening it's made entirely of ammunition boxes. MAP NOTE: No topographic maps available �LIDA, ViSVADA C There was gold in the Palmetto Mountains. The Indians and Mexicans mined it in the 186Q^, Within a few SAfl years Americans heard about it and in the moved in on the "unclaimed diggings." The settlement that grew on the site was nearly 200 miles from the nearest railroad. Silver^ miles to the north^and across the mountain, was the peak, nearest town, Lida expanded rapidly after a road was built connecting it with Silverpeak. Machinery-for two aman stamp mills was hauled in and assembled at the springs near town. Much of the ore was rich ~ it had to be in order to balance the high cost of freighting the mill machinery at a fee of .$100 per ton. Some ore was so rich that it was hauled to the railhead and shipped out for processing. When Goldfield boomed in 1904 life to Lida. it brought added The springs at the outskirts of Lida became Goldfield’s water supply by means of a pipeline (|^*odd miles lonff. When the railroad reached Goldfield rates on supplies for the residents of Lida, it meant lower Also, low-grade ore stockpiled on the mine dumps could now be processed at a profit. Lida grew up, and a newspaper, Enternrig^- £ came to town. The town flourished for several years then faded when many of the mines shut down during litigation. �aanchinc: be.cran to pay better than mining, and the nature of the community changed. Today the town is half ghost, half ranch. Several old buildings stand vacant under massive shade The old schoolhouse can be spotted by its attendant “boys," ’’girls," and "teacher." triplesdoor outhouse — ''bovy,-"girls^ and tcaohor-. " trees. A MAP M0T3: available. Mo topographic maps of the area are present �JlBVADA A3 3A 2 ^T3VApA The Cathollo Church stands on a hill overlookins; town. I had taken a number of lows angle shots of the old unpainted structure and had decided to climb the hill to try out the opposite view. Prom that direction, a f*few of Nevada’s rare summer clouds could perhaps be coerced into position. Photos completed, I wandered back past the front of the church. The steps looked inviting and there were no "No" signs in evidence. The hasp on the door was broken, apparently smashed. I reached for the handle, and as my hand touched metal a shot rang out. instantly. My hand jerked back I took inventory, then looked about. Someone had determined that a shot fired in the air, at a precisely timed moment, would serve as an effective deterrent. someone had no doubt pulled the stunt on others. That He probably keeps a good eye out, fearful he will miss another chance at a little fun. I got the message, and I understood the necessity of his delivering it. Some visitors leave with e mjjmentos more substantial than exposed film. Manhattan has had an on-agaln/^off-again history. Silver found here in 1866 resulted in the construction of a mill, but it failed to show a profit and was abandoned three �years later. In I905 some cattlemen spotted an outcrop of "jewelry quality" ore. the date of discovery They claimed it and named it for April Pool. That summer @ town*^ sites were laid out in the vicinity, and the usual competition between landmen ensued. i-Ilne speculators moved in the next year and spread exaarveratlons all over Nevada. Soon 4,000 ueople rushed to the spot, most of them from Tonopah, miles south. The road was constantly filled with rigs and autos, one every half mile or so. The dust never settled. Lots in town were expensive^and store owners built on their entire lot, attaching each new building to the side* wall of the last. One lucky merchant bought a 30tfoot space between two stores and simply raised a front, a backhand a roof, Plre hazards due to this kind of construction were ignored. The topographic map of the vicinity shows a solid bar on each side of the road, indicating long strings of connected buildings. The town had its own electric power plant, banks, (2)newspapers, a number of stores, and plenty - of "watering holes," The quake hit San Francisco the following year, and Manhattan's financial supporters went home (with their money) to repair damage to their holdings. !4anhattan collapsed, but new placer strikes brought it back to life years later. A particularly rich float was found east of town at the White OapCs) Mine. A mill was built, and the �population of Ilanhattan stabilized at nearly one thousand. The town had nearly died for the second time by 1939. when- dredcring offered a new flicker of life. When that effort ceased in 19^7, the town died its most recent death. It’s due to come back to life again any time ~ it always has. lieanwhlle it’s a delightful ghost town. An old rock building at the east end of town has a weathered sign over its door that reads "post office," but showing through are the letters "B A WK," Just a few steps awav are the hoist works shed and gallows frame of a small mine. The Toiyabe Hall stands across the street, twos storied and lm«*^ presslve. Strung out along^maln street are an old meat market, five housesy^and a general store. The many gaps along the oncei solid string of storefronts were created when a number of merchants moved their places of business to a booming placer camp on Hound Mountain, When they removed their stores, they took the outside walls of adjacent build#" ings with them. Most gaps are at least ^stores wide. The little general store is the only place doing business now. Recent "progress" has been almost too much for the sras pump, , Its rate adjustment won’t reach the 50- to current 60s cent price of gas. It still reads 30 cents per gallon, but a sign on the pump tells the customer to fill up, then just double the total. — 110-^ �MAP MOTS I Excellent detailedisplayed on the 1914 Manhattan and Vicinity, Nevada^ 3":to»thetmile United States Geological Survey topographic map. Sadly, the map is now out of print and cannot be purchased. Some libraries in the map and will permit copies to be made. have �BALMONT, MS^ZADA It can only be described as an oasis. In the middle of town, surrounded by larsre shade trees, a spring bubbles forth, its steady flow giving rise to a small stream that wanders south through town. Within a mile the waters of the stream are sapped and then swallowed by the thirsty desert sand, Belmont enjoys ideal weather during most of the year, due mainly to the 7000: foot elevation. There are time /K I however, when heavy winds dominate life in town. Guy wires to the west and south of manv buildings attest to the strength of the winds. Heavy winter snows (@ feet in four days on one occasion) can pile up and cut the town off from civilization for weeks at a time. Hose Walter is the ranking old:timer, and the venerable voraj»3?e first lady of Belmont, Hose and her housekeepers companion live in a large, wells kept rock home at the north end of town. These two ladiedxand the couple that own the r newly opened gas station-bar-cafe at the opposite end of town, make up the complete roster of years round residents. Strung out along the main street of town are a number of impressive remains of the once:notable town. Across the stream are more buildings. Dominating that side of town is the grand old Wye County Courthouse, Two:story brick, with tall wooden cupola and numerous chimneys, the �structure was, and still is, the fanciest buildinff in the It was here that the "town character" held sway county. as district >kttornsy. Elected as a joke, he took his job seriously so seriou^^hat he refused to leave office at the end of the term. The newly elected D.A. tried to assume office, but *014 Andy*^eld out forQdays, sleeping in the courthouse office and having meals sent in. Silver, found in I865, resulted in an immediate influx of fortune seekers. With assays at more than ^100 and over a thousand tons of ore blocked out, there per ton was little reason to believe Belmont would be a town to go bust quickly. Merchants built with a justifiable hope of permanence, and within two years the population had reached 6,000. When Belmont secured the county seat, plans were laid to build a prideful courthouse. Clay deposits were located miles west of town, and a brick factory was conT^ structed. Prom that brick the courthouse was built, and from that edifice emanated an aura that Inspired confidence in those who would build Other^structures.of Belmont grew to 10,000 and boasted two newspapers, an oyster houseyj and a music hall. Society made the news, but rougher elements were making the headlines C^wo union organizers were chased out of town. When they were found hiding out nearby, they were hauled in and hunvf �Irish laborers in 186? confronted Boss Canfield and accused him of hiring Cornlshmen at lower wages to ret* place the Irish. Tempers heated^^and soon Canfield was being toted about town on a rail. When a former lawman, Louis Bodrow, tried to slow things down, shots rang out and two men fell to the ground. tHHBs Bodrow and Pat Dlgnon lav dead. Bodrow had been shot times and then stabbed repeatedly. He got off two shots before he expired, and Dlgnon inter'?' cepted one of them. During some of Belmont’s more lawless years, a vigilante group maintained order by staging occasional hang?' Ings. Generally the job was done on the sly, to avoid in*? crimination, but each time, a sign bearing the number "301" was attached to the victim. ive. The lesson was clear and effect? A few more crooks slipped out of town each time word spread that the "301" was forming up for an evening’s chores. By 1885|I^15 million in silver had been taken from the hills. Mines produced until the late thirties abruptly shut down. then With the shuQown, payrolls stopped. Stores closed for lack of customers, and the town became suddenly quiet. The Catholic Church was moved to Manhattan, •there to become deserted once again. In 1903 only^^people registered to vote in Belmont, But the town isn’t altogether dead. saloon at the south end of town is open. The little Travelers can �obtain sustenance and libation. One can even buy gasoline? however, the procedure is a bit unusual. First you borrow the pump handle from the bar>A^ tender, then pump the seas into pump. glass cylinder atop the The gasoline then flows by gravity throuch the nozzle and into the gas tank of the car. You check the pump handle back in when you pay the bartender for the gas, Now that’s proarress f — MAP NOTE: available No topographic map of the area is presently �IQ^B, NSVAPA^ West of Tonopah, dust devils trace their serpentine paths across the dry flats, gathering substance as finely powA_ dered earth is blown high in an ever-tlyhteniny spiral. Heavier spheres of tumbleweed ride low, bouncing along, nearly escaping, then swinging violently inward to orbit in tight circles. At times a dozen or more of the dry tumbleweeds are carried crazily along, like ponies on a merry-go-round gone wild. Passing through one of the larger whirlwinds is an experience. observer. First the wind and debris batter one side of the Then, after the passage of a miniscule eye, the opposite side is delivered an equal blow. The passage is quick and harmless to all but the very delicate. Butterflies, kleenex, newspapers, even handkerchiefs "out of the hand" are occasion^ ally carried to extreme heights, to fall back gently when the centripetal grip is relaxed. Worth and west of Tonopah, past the playground of the dust devils and a dozen or so miles east of Gabbs, a narrow canyon in the Shoshone Mountains cradles the remains of the old mining town of Ione. In 1863 silver was found in Ione Canyon to the northeast, and a camp grew on the site. The narrow canyon offered little room to expand, so the town was moved dowrf �stream to the flats at the canyon mouth. Ione became the first county seat of Nye County in 186^, and the town soon Several mills were built, but exceeded 500 in population. the ore in the region never lived up to the mill's capacities, let alone the promoter's expectations. seat was moved to Belmont. In 186? the county In spite of the recent extraction of mercury, less than a million dollars in precious metals has been taken from the region. A number of old mines are strung out along the four-’ mile length of Shamrock Canyon them, Xie Shamrock Mine Just east of Ione. One of perched on the north slope, is acces^ ible by a recently improved road. At the mine site, an old '>f!ot/fead" steam enorine still sits on its pads, apparently in running order. The shed giving it protection is shorn of its roofing, and cracks between boards let in narrow bands of light, contouring the shapes of the machine within. At the west end of town, a low rock structure dominates a rise on the north side of the road. are more than two feet thick. fireplace. The east wall contains a flush Mot flush Just on the inside outer surface. Its walls but also on the With the supersthick walls, the fireplace is merely a hollow portion hidden in the middle, A beam two-by-fours along the ridge supports rough? sawn that measure 2% by 5)6^ an actual x yi Inches. These are apparentlv the ancestors ' l%-by-3%-iiich of the present anemic off sprln!?s. Over the �rafters, waste slab wood was nailed on, then bark was laid on the boards, and the whole covered with dirt and a crop of ^rass planted. While it was occupied, the owner kept the arras s watered. The shade kept the dirt cool fortable. When the last occupant moved out, the roof died. MAP NOT Si The 15 minute Ione, Nevada^^ United States and the house comiR- Geoloarical Survey map is an excellent aid in explorina: Xs, the area. A series of "w indicating prospect holes, surround Ione on three sides. Many tunnels and shafts are indicated, Sprinkled along the two canyons leading northeast and southeast from town. �B^RLIV, ^WADA Two hundred million years ago, ^^sfoot monsters swam In the shallow seas that covered most of the western states. Wari^looded, m^alian, and shaped somewhat like a lizard, the ,?^hthyosaur lived, propagated, and died in much the same manner as the whales of the present era. The bodies of some Xohthyosaurs sank in the deep ooze present in some shallows. the ooze hardened to In time become a mold of the animal’s skeleton. made acidic with carbon dioxide Much later matter. Slowly, water dissolved the bones. the area was covered with volcanic over an extended period of time, rain~water laden with minerals filtered through the overburden and filled the bone cavities, recreating the skeletons in agate precipitated and other pringipotted rock. Fossils of the ancient animals were found in I860, thirty-five years before silver was discovered. In 1898, three years after the silver strike, many of the claims were bought up by the Nevada Company (a Mew York outfit) and a mill constructed. srrew around the mill. The small town of Berlin The population held at about 200 for ten years, then dropped to a handful in I909 when the mill shut down. The buildings of Berlin have changed little from the time it became deserted. Some of the pottbellied stoves —//f- �have disappeared, and the metal has been salvaged from the mill. Prospectors have occasionally used cabins In town as a base of operations. Presently, one of the old cabins Nevada^ | Is occupied ty a j^^tate Parks employee. The town is used as an entrance gate to Ichthyosaur State Park. MAP MOTS J The 15 minute Ione, Mevada^Unlted States Geological Survey map shows the site of Berlin but oddly fails to pin­ point the location or extent of the fossil beds. �ILLINOIS Miys CAMP, ^aVADA The Paradise Peak topographic map is littered with evidence of old towns and mining camps. Craig Station/\and Downeyville are shown sites. Ellsworth, and labeled as Paradise Peak Mine Camp, Sierra Magnesite Mine Camp, and Brucite are depicted by numerous black squares, Indicai^ ting present occupation. The date on the map is 19^8, and it would be logical to assume that at least one of the last three towns would spection. by now be a deserted camp worthy of ln<^ At the north end of the map, Big Chief Mine, .i^fTe Victory Tungsten Mine, and ^ffe Illinois Mine Gamp are shown. It seemed likely that one of these sites might also prove to be a little:known town or camp^rarely visited and virgin Off any publicity. At Ellsworth and Craig, remains were sparse. At Downeyville I could find onlv mlne^shafts. The Victory Tuna:sten Mine Gamp was small and in intermittent use. The Sierra Magnesite Gamp, right next to Gabbs, consisted only of concrete slabs. Brucite was now a part of the excavation of the huge mine operation being carried out a mile east of Gabbs. Gabbs, the biggest town within miles, was a very small community with only one cafe, but it hardly qualified as a ghost town. At^ one time, a town called Lodi existed about miles northeast of Gabbs. It had a population of 100 and �was the supply point for the Illinois Mine Gampmiles to the west. The map showed no town by the name of Lodi, but it did show a tank (small water reservoir) by that name. I expected to find the slate wiped equally clean at the Illinois Mine Gamp but was pleasantly surprised to find a number of Impressive remnants. FinallyI After a dozen dis^ appointments, here was a site worth a few rolls of film and an afternoon’s "exploration," Deciphering the remains of deserted sites Involves a lot of inspection, some deduction, a share of guess3!rork, and a residue of mystery. A ghost town hunter quickly be?*^ comes a speculative historian. Beside the road at the mine camp stood a small^ rock-walled, sod-roofed building with a wooden vent risinar at 7 the back. The fixtures were not that of an outhouse, so the logical assumption (there were shelves on the sides) was that the building served as a powder house. It would nature ally have a stout door and lock, but these were missing, A bit further along the littlezused road, a deep mine shaft r^ Ordinary passage put the pickup There was wheels within a foot of the llp.y^Zittle to worry about, qulred careful avoidance. however, as the truck was larger than the shaft. However, OH when approachfoot the prudent observer would maintain his distance, since the lip slope^ in and 4^ covered with small^rounded rocks ready to ease one’s entrance. �Larger diameter metal hoops told of wooden tanks that once stood here — probably a cyanide unit for extracts ing stubborn gold. Perhaps mill taillngs^were reworked for gold missed on the first attem^o/. Two corrugated steel tanks lay crumpled in the gully. They appeared to be either blown up by dynamite or 21- blown down by wind ^“probably the latter, since the remains were more battered than bulged. Hock mill foundations occupied the slope near the, banks of the gully. The absence of further remains would 1\ indicate that the steel was removed ~ perhaps the entire ' then again, this could be one of those structures •> sacrificed in the making of a B:grade western movie. mill. A sign in the center of town marks the spot as the route of an emergency stock driveway. Amazing — it , , nrrjcuAz makes one wonder how many head of stock have enddd up at shaft bottoms. Down the hill and east a few hundred yards, past a number of jackstrawed woodpiles (probably living quarters), was a stout brick cubical in the midst of extensive brick rubble. It must have been a bank vault at the company offices. Hearby was a square concrete foundation, very stout for its size. A mystery. aa4 the ground sounded hollow. it was safe to traverse. A few steps to the east Yet car tracks Indicated A bit more to the east, a tall, - M3 - �broad vertical expanse of brick provided the answer. Doors in the face led to underground tunnel like chambers of the type used to smelt ore. The tunnels led to the square corjj^ Crete foundation, which now quite clearly was a chimney base. A short distance away was a small rock kiln or smelter. was the obvious forerunner. Both structures had the same angled brackets to hold the removable doors. doors we^ at hand. It ?Tone of the They would have been metal doors and therefore would have been sold for scrap during one of the past wars. Pacts concerning the camp are few. Hesldents of Gabbs were able to provide some, and a few paragraphs referr^ Nevada ing to the town were gleaned from the.State Archives. A Gold found here in 1874 resulted in a small smelter (the one built of rock?) being constructed nearby. The camp that grew about the mine and smelter included a stoia saloon, boarding house (perhaps that exp^^ns the longyj^ narrow foundation below the mine), and a population of s e ve ral hund re d. The mine was closed and reopened a number of times. Each time the camp received a new namei Marble and Bob were used, and some claim the camp was called Lodi for a time. However, about 1908 the real Lodi was laid out at the site of the present Lodi tanks, and the mine camp then went under the name of ‘Illinois. �Thins:s really got sroing about 1910^when Lodi began to look like a town the Illinois Mine. one). and new veins were located at A large smelter was built (the brick Severe flooding in the shaft brought things to a halt about the time of World War I. Just before World War II, a last effort was made (the corrugated tanks) to extract the remaining ore. Except for Outojlide 9# the small concrete water tank there is nothing to mark the site of Lodi, but the remains at Illinois Mine Camp (or Marble, or Bob) are as numerous and varied as the names the camp has carried. I’lAP M0T2» y The Paradise Peak, Nevada^ 15 minute United States Geological Survey topographic map shows a wealth of old sites. END NEVADA AREA 31 �J?J5VADA ARSA 3 a f ] VIRGI?TIA CITY, NEVADA.C The old prospector was half way into tying on a good one. *^ld Virginn:^'^ he was called, probably because^ drunk or sober, he was continually rattling on about his home state. He had Just bought a fresh bottle and was headed toward camp by way of the straightest line possible when he stumbled on the rough ground and fell forward, bottle-arm outstretched. of contact. Unfortunately there was a rock at the point The whiskey flooded out of the shattered glass and soaked quickly into the ground, Hot one to waste a full bottle, the old prospector gathered himself up and proclaimed^ "I christen this ground Virginia." If it hadn't been for that rock at the end of Old :he town might have kept its original name — Silver City, As it was, the story was told so many times that the christening was accepted. After all, it was reasoned, anyone who could think that fast deserved the rlvht to name the town! The story of Virginia City started ten years back/< when the barren ground was called Gold Canyon, Some folk passing through to California had panned a little gold in the canyon prior to 1850, but it was silver that Allen and Hosea Grosch found a few years later. They quietly ground �the blue quartzrand smelted it down in their small assay furnace. Henry Comstock, called -^Old Pancake,prospecting in the canyon at the time, noticed all the secrecy going on^ and knew that the two men had made a strike. He searched and watchedbut never figured out where the Grosches were getting their ore. He wasn’t even sure whether it was silver or gold ore that the two brothers worked on in such secrecy. Word slowly leaked out that gold an(^^or silver had been found, and soon the hills were dotted with pick and shovel men. O’Riley and ;4cLaughlln arrived late and quickly staked their claims at the fringe, before those were taken by the next batch of arrivals. Later they worked it over thoroughly and uncovered a gold-bearing quartz ledge. *^ld Pancake*^ Comstock, as was his habit, immediately claLlmed prior filing, sen^ to humor him, deal. O’Riley and McLaughlin took him in on the The find was the first tap on what was to be called Comstock Lode.*^ The ore was dirty and difficult to work. After crushing and panning the wash for gold, the discolored re*^ mains were quickly thrown away. One prospector, familiar with silver, quietly picked up some of the leavings and had them assayed. The discarded waste ran over $4,000 per ton of silver — more than the value per ton of gold already extracted I �Word of the new find brought a second flow of prospectors. During the spring of i860 a day were entering the Washoe area. nearly two hundred According to one re/^ porter, promoters outnumbered the prospectors toThe same reporter gave detailed accounts of the terrain^ and the weather. He claimed that heavy snow, prolonged runoffs, and a vicious wind called ‘^Pfie Washoe Zephyr*^made the place "essentially Infernal in every respecti" It wasn’t yet known that a heavy body of ore lay under Davidson Mountain, running parallel to the canyon floor and the streets of the burgeoning town. The extent of the ore would ^^only^^^partly determined during the boom of the sixties, when half a million a month would be mined. In two years that lode would expire and the town would be deserted. Then, eight years later, a group of investors with imagination and foreslte would investigate and catalog the full extent of the lode. In the process, the main lode, the big one underneath, would be found and the real boom It would last eight years. Langhorne Samuel Clemens, his river piloting job . would ensue. interupted by the Civil War, had wandered west to find a new job. The papers were full of promises and exaggerations con^ cernlng the big Washoe strike. Pour thousand claims had been filed in the single year of i860, Clemens joined with three �others suffering from the same fever and set out for Virginia City. The area was touted as the "richest mineral region on God’s footstool," but Clemens soon found out that $4,000 per ton in the papers was more like $400 per ton on the ledger. Clemens, with his three partners, a blacksmith and two lawyers, filed a claim near the Humbolt Mining Gamp. They named it the Monarch of the Mountains dig away at the quartz. and proceeded to Digging and blasting proved to be a difficult way to get rich, Clemens "resigned" several times. When the shaft reached a depth of ^^feet, the partners collected a few of the best samples and headed for Virginia City to do a little promoting. Within days the four had traded for shares in fifty different mines, all highly touted but probably Inferior to the (Q:foot hole they had Just left. Clemens took a Job^ith the Territorial Snterprise <as a reporterf^or $25 per week. He filled a vacancy created when William Wright (who wrote under the name of Dan deQullle) left town at the suggestion of an ir^te reader. Wright was one of the greatest liars of all time. When there was no news were classic. he created some, and his creations One of his best concerned an individual who had Invented a type of vest or armor designed to let the desert traveler remain cool even in the middle of summer at the bottom �of the hottest desert wash. The vest was actually a larcre thin spons^e, Wright wrote, with a water reservoir at the back and a rubber bulb under the arm to act as a pump. squeeze on the bulb, and water saturated the vest. tion of the water cooled the wearer. A Svapora-A The inventor, according to Wright’s news release, headed into Death Valley on a test cruise. A few days later a prospector hurried into a nearby camp asking for help to go rescue the crazy Inventor. It seems the vest worked too well, and he was found sittincr in the noon day sun, frozen stiff, with a foot-long icicle dangling from his chin! Clemens learned a few lessons from Wright, He learned to lie with authority and to do it under an assumed name. At the paper, he signed his work '’^sh,'^*^Later, in 1863, he bevan using the name that brought him fame ~ ^lark Twain, Virginia City had two disastrous fires, Sach time the town rebuilt even finer than before, but each time the fire seemed to signal an Impending bust. The fire of ’63 caused a loss of nearljj^lO million. 4r>115gff. A fire tower was built on the mountain to spot the first smoke of the next disaster. Two years after the town was rebuilt, the first lode ran out and the town shrank from 15,000 to 6,000. 1/ I3o - �Location of the bipc lode brought prosperity again in 1873. Silver was extracted at a phenom’^al rate million a week, about A mint was built in Garson City to handle the gold and silver. The town had ^breweries mak­ ing 75»OOO gallons of hard stuff each year, and well over one hundred saloons were kept busy distributing the supply. low town, 750 miles of tunnels pursued the huge lode. was ^900 million dollars worth of There ore in that lode, the end was found, Virginia City collapsed. When That happened Just two years after the second blflr fire. There had been signs of failure for several years. Many of the shafts were flooding with hot water. High temperatures made for short working times and great expense, Adolph A gentleman named^Sutro proposed a (^:mlle tunnel from the lode under Virginia City to the flats southeast of town. ceived little encouragement. Mine owners could see the end of the lode but weren't about to admit it. tunnel He re»^ Sutro built the and ended up the owner of many of the dewatered mines. It is doubtful that the ore made available was enough to pay the expense of the tunnel. By 1881 the population of Virginia City was less than iFOO. That’s about what it is now, on a miserable day in the middle of the winter. In the summer, crowds of tourists fill the streets. It’s still a boomiandsbust situation in Virginia City, �MAP MOTS I The Virginia City, Mevad^ 15 minute United States Geological Survey topographic map is an excellent source of detailed information. �GOLD HILL, ^3VADA Before it flooded, the Yellow Jacket Mine at Gold Hill, Mevaday^was the biggest producer on the south end of the Comstock Lode, When a blast of dynamite opened a passage to a hot spring, the tunnels flooded with 170: degree water. Miners could work only a few minutes at a time in the hot^humid atmosphere near the water. longer than the work shifts. Hest periods were 3ven allocations of 100 pounds of ice per man per day were not enough to entice men to stay on the job. Sventually the Sutro Tunnel was built and a south lateral connected with the East Yellow Jacket workings. The mine became workable again, but within a short time the lode was exhausted. While it lasted, the Yellow Jacket had poured large payrolls into the life stream of Gold Hill. Back in 1869, tent towns were strung along the length of Gold Canyon from the narrows called Devil’s Gate e. at the south, on up to side canyons appropriatly labeled A Six Mile and Seven Mile. As tunnels located the lodes, the towns consolidated. Virginia City and Gold Hill occupied sites on either side of a low hump in the middle of the canyon. Both towns graduated from tent towns to rock and mud and^finally, to frame and brick. When the big lode was worked, both towns had large numbers of pretentious structures. �Rivalry was srreat. annex Gold Hill. At one time Virginia City attempted to Gold Hill retaliated by attempting to split the county into two chunks and thereby become a county seat equal in status to Virginia City. The effort failed, since it was thought ridiculous to have two county seats within a mile of each other. It appeared, in 1864, that the ore had run out. Things quieted down^and population along the canyon dwindled, but Gold Hill continued to survive, part\duejto its loca*?^ tion on the main supply route to Virginia City. When the big lode was found, both towns boomed bigger than ever. Hill zoomed to nearly 10,000 Gold and bragged of street lamps and three fire companies. The ore ran out for the second time in I878, and in rapid order most of the ponulatlon left for other parts. Saloons shut down^and the Gold Hill Wews ceased publication. -----------------------------------------When the post office closed down in 1943, there Lately some of the old buildings have been converted to residences. Their were less than a dozen people left in town. exteriors have been restored to appear as they did one hundred years ago. The brewery and old hotel are excellent examples. The tovm IS loaded with old wayons. Beer wagons, freight wayons, bugyies^and stagecoaches are found sprinkled about, the proud possessions of ^story-minded citizens bent on reconditlonlny them for display. �I'UP ?TOTS« The Vir«3:inla City, Nevada^ 15, minute United States Geological Survey topographic map shows the town, the Sutro Tunnel, and a number of the sites of small satellite towns. �It takes four maps to understand the lay of the land and to pinpoint items of interest in the White Pine Mountains of Humholt National Forest in east central Nevada. Within a radius ofmiles around the juncture of these maps are enough old town sites, mine rulns^and mill remains to keep a backtroad explorer busy for a week. Roads alternately follow dry canyons and skirt mountains, joining to form a spectacular threes dimensional network. The road into Monte Cristo crosses deposits of e. soft rock that powders easily to a flour-fine consist|^ncy. In places due. the ruts are a foot deep in the nearly fluid resi^ White rooster tails follow each vehicle, and hang sus^ pended long after their passage Monte Cristo lies at the western edge of the Humbolt Mountains, on the sloping foothills immediately below 10,745= foot Mount Hamilton. The Monte Cristo Spring Is a quarter of a mile to the east. A mile to the north, the Silver Sell Mine hangs In a steep side canyon. To the southeast an unnamed tunnel bores into the west shoulder of Pogonip Ridge, Monte Cristo was the first camp in the White Pine District. Sstabllshed in 1865, it served as a mill town for the westislope mines. The ore paid out at less than ^100 a �ton — hardly enough to spawn a rush. For three years the little fives stamp mill pounded away at the stingy ore. Then the whole area seemed to explode as 50,000 prospectors stormed into the White Pine ilountalns. It started when a hungry Shoshone Indian traded some silvershearlng rock for a plate of beans. eventually guided A The Indian Leathers, Tom Murphy, and Md Marchand to the deposit on the far side of a nob that was sequently named Treasure Hill. sub/* The claim staked out was termed the 'bidden Treasure.*^ Old Mapals Jim had accepted a plate of beans in trade for a vein that would later be valued at half a million dollars. The big rush brought some business to Monte Cristo, but J nloQ bp^un-ht thnaufriti tho'faet thatfthe big action was in other parts of the White Pine Moxxntains. The town continued to suffer along on the same MinoTi^inria. inferior ore. After the excitement passed, Monte Cristo was still there. It even expanded with a new mill to handle some better ore being dug Q miles to the west. By I89O, even the mediocre ore deposits were expended, and the town became deserted. Wow there is left onlv a brick smokestack, numerous foundations, some rock walls^and a sod-roofed structure about to collapse. Wearby, the cycle is about to repeat, as tents and trailers are pitched on the site of a "new strike." -1^7- �Freshly planted slyns delineate the claim and express the hopes of the new developers of the "Marjory Lode MAP NOTE J Necessary for a proper guide to the area are the Illipah, Pancake Summit, Green Springs, and Treasure Hill, Nevada 15 minute United States Geological Survey topovrachic maps. �HAMILTON, MaVADA u If the Shoshone Ind lan^ Mapias Jim^had known that his mountains would Toe overrun by 50,000/^^^^ite men, he would have gone hungry rather than trade his silver find for that bowl of beans. After Murphy, Leathers, and Marchand claimed the Hidden Treasure Mine in 1868, a boom took place that resulted ^7^ in the construction of a dozen towns, four of which would e^ ceed 5»000 souls. The around would be torn up, roads built, and the local rock reassembled in the form of larae multlK*’ storied places of business. Five years later empire builders would abruptly leave. these same Evidence of their efforts, the larae rock buildings, would endure somewhat longer. Two settlements grew quickly around the first dli^ coveries during the spring of i860one on top of Treasure Hill, the other on its north slope miles away. For a few months the two communities were considered to be the same town and were referred to as White Pine, the name given to the newly created minlna district. Within identities. months the towns had developed separate On the hill was Treasure City. Down below, enjoying a better climate and a dependable water supply, was the town of Hamilton. — /*• �Hamilton quickly 'became a promoter’s dream. Stocks were bought and sold over half a dozen counters. Fortunes were made overnight, and some were lost even quicker. Residential lots sold for a flat A corner lot on main street went for §25.000. The first Fourth of July celebrated in the White Pine District was a combined effort of the competing towns of Treasure City and Hamilton. One town handled the parade the other the debates and speeches. A huge American flag was sewed up, utilizing scrap materials. The blue portion o was cut from a scarf bought from a Mormon family passing through. A few days later, when a financial wheel came to town, the flag served a second purpose. The financier’s money was badly needed, and when he demanded sheets for his straw tick in the local hotel, the flag was torn in half and sacrificed. he was. The investor didn’t realize how lucky Just a few weeks before, the town didn’t have even a hotel, and the one building then in existence (a saloon) was busy 24 hours a day. Within one year of the strike on Treasure Hill, Hamilton had 10,000 residents, a school, a debating club, e and half the Jezjj.bels in Nevada, Miners were living in caves, rock and mud huts ~ even barrels laid end:to:end. The town was designated as the county seat of newly formed White Pine County, and in two months a $55.OOOcourthouse �blossomed. The business district was several blocks long, filled both sides of the street, and contained a number of two:story buildings. The rush to Hamilton was wilder and faster during 1869 than any gold or silver boom in history. It seemed that everyone who had missed out on the Comstock was at Hamilton, determined to get in on the ground floor. When a gun fight broke out between two gamblers, one correspondent from a big city newspaper reported that shots were exchanged all over town, and "unfortunately neither one was shot, but an innocent horse was killed." Nearly two hundred mining companies sent their bullion out to the rail head at Hlko, 140 miles away. Hobberies averaged more than one a week. The Daily Inland Empire published reports of every new find, and that fall a se+f subdivision was laid out to handle the Influx of new citizens. 15,000 before winter set in. The population hit With winter came the cold realization that the silver deposits were shallow and soon would be depleted. Mining stocks became difficult to unload. Companies folded, and construction halted in the town of Hamilton. By spring out. half the citizens of Hamilton had moved An amazing number of fires broke out in the business district. A cigar store owner was caught after setting fire -/// �to his well-insured establishment. He might have escaped a Severn year prison term if he hadn't been spotted shutting the valve of the water supply. As a result of this fire, one third of the town was destroyed. The town is now completely deserted. Only rock walls, some partially collapsed brick structures, a group of frame homes, and a few sod- roof shanties mark the site. There hasn't been a fire on main street for almost 100 years. A MAP MOTE! Mecessary for a proper guide to the area are the Illipah, Pancake Summit, Green Springs, and Treasure Hill, Nevada^15 minute United States Geological Survey topographic maps. �JiaaASUHs city, ctada [ Wells Pars:o had an office in Treasure City and miles down the slope of Treasure Hill at another office the town of Hamilton. Each day the staare brought mall to Hamilton, and riders raced up the three;mile stretch to Treasure City. Bets were placed daily, and when a second competing line built offices in both towns became fierce, the competition Claims, mlnes^and entire fortunes were wagered on the mail races, A walk through the deserted town today yields a thrill of a different sort. In some places Open shafts are everywhere. the main street through town ha® to make a quick jog to miss a shaft. Remnants of rock buildings stretch for a quarter of a mile under the brow of Treasure Hill. In the center of town, a rock wall was built to hold mine waste from rolling down on.main street. A Judging from the remains, some of the buildings business were two stories high in front and Q stories at the rear. Some of the rocks used in construction measured more than^^feet on a side. There are remains of more than two dozen such buildings along the west side of the street. All are roofless. Many are merely stubborn corners and partly crumbled walls. Records indicate that during the twosyear period of 1869 and'70, forty-two business establishments were built �and the population passed the 6,000 mark The weather on top of Treasure Hill was abominable. The winters were windy and cold. When the wind slacked, a stinging fog called the "pogonip" set in over the city. It may have been the first case of inversion smog recorded in the state. For a time Hamilton. Treasure City threatened to outshine Hamilton had the county seat, but Treasure City had the largest stock exchange, and seats sold for It had fewer saloons than its neighbor down the hill, but it boasted a larger business district. of town. More than 13,000 claims were filed in the vicinity S20 Much of the ^weiiL.v' million in silver taken in the White Pine District came from these minef. The deposits were shallow. easilv reachedA and quickly depleted. 'r When the silver began to run out in I87O a few mines remained operating, but even those could see the end of their holdings. The big fire of 18?^ wiped out most of the frame portion of town. tered to vote. eighty yeaiA 3y 1880 only ^^people regis/^ The place has been deserted for the last The smos- problem has finally been licked . ----------------------------r\ MAP WOTSJ f The Illipah, Pancake Summit, Green Springs, and Treasure Hill, WevadaA15 minute United States Geological 1 V —■“ Survey maps are a proper vuide to this area. —------------------------ ? �J SH^RMAifTOW^^, NSVAD^ Ths sage''”^ush is eight feet tall, and. it grows all over the flats. The remains of Shermantown stand above the sage in a few places but in the main /?/ are hidden be? neath the heavy growth. -Of all the towns in the White Pine District, Shermantown had the most desirable location. Water was plentiful, the soil was good, and the valley^protected. was vulnerable to flood, but rainfall was light. It The town only lasted a few years, and the potential danger of flash flood was never tested. The springs in town furnished water for eight stamp mills and two saw mills. Five smelting furnaces melted down the concentrate produced by the mills. The town boasted a three-story meeting hall, two newspapers, and population of 3,000. Lots sold for as much as •!^2,000. Hocco Canyon, north-? west of town, held a number of paying mines. The Great Valley, Homestake, and ^e We Plus Ultra were all sending ore down the road to Shermantown, Ore wagons brought silver chloride down the canyon from HamlJ^^n. Stage coaches hauled the pure silver back up the canyon, through Hamilton on to 31ko for shipment to government mints, Shermantown's existg^nce was inescapably tied to that Hamilton, Treasure City, and 3berhardt. The latter was the site of one of the smallest, richest open-pit silver �mines in the world When the silver ran out, the mills closed down, and to exist Shermantown lost its reason By 1880, just eleven years after the town had Incorporated, only one family remained, of town Today the place is entirely deserted. At the edge an adobe chimney stands half completed. Its interior was never blackened by fire. Some forming supports remain in,t side the combustion chamber, xiemalns of numerous rock bullc^^ Ings are hidden in the deep sap-e^~brush. Many of the springs have dried up, and their locations can only be determined by wreckage the mill raj^^s nearby. Much of the water runs underground, providing sustenance to the lush desert growth. On the flats in the center of the town site, a small dam has been built to back up water to feed a tiny crusher and shaker. Someone had hopes of separating gold or silver from ore found nearby. Apparently his hopes expired^ <2^ie machine is rusted and Inoperative. The 50,000 miners and prospectors ShSt swarmed over the slopes of the White Pine Mountains apparently found and extracted just about everything of value. MAP MOTS: The Illipah, Pancake Summit, Green Springs, and Treasure Hill, Wevada^l5 minute United States Geological Survey maps are a proper guide to this area._ I, - -y � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Norman Weis Manuscripts Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1971-1987 Description An account of the resource A collection of manuscripts by Casper College professor Norman Weis. <br /><br />This collection includes manuscripts of:<br /><em>Ghost Towns of the Northwest: Known and Unknown<br />The Starduster<br />Two-Story Outhouse<br />Helldorados<br /></em><br />Each manuscript contains written in edits by Norman Weis Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norman Weis Language A language of the resource ENG Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Norm Weiss Manuscripts and Photographs, CCA 10.2003.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Searchable PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCA 10.2003.01_Weis_Manuscripts Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Manuscript Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Helldorados</em> Part III: Nevada Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <p><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a></p> </div> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1975 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norman Weis Language A language of the resource ENG Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Norm Weiss Manuscripts and Photographs, CCA 10.2003.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCA 10.2003.01_Weis_Helldorados_Neva Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Searchable PDF