4 10 9760 https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/eeff82e5ccfe279be1428943635a9ffd.pdf 6b41746f1044689c3ec27e6ce38682b4 PDF Text Text latter fishing in the Big Po Agie. As they started an Indi; gave chase until they reached t Saw Cheyenne as Tent City and Lived at : covei’ of the river. Mr. Fogg- ca j ed my husband and he answere The Mines When Frank Irwin Was Killed ; “What’s up?” Mr. Fogg exclali ed “Jesus Christ, John, don’t y By MRS. SARAH KNOTT ' about half way between Port Col! see the Indians .over yonder?” At Mt. Vernon, Ill., on Jan. 4, linf, and Laporte, Colo. Mr. They got their horses and IV Miner and Tip Trimble started f 1854 there was born to Lorenze Sherman was the name of the man my father had gone in part. the Agency at Ft. Washakie and Josephine Davis a daughter j nership with, and he had been i arouse the people and my husbai which they named Sarah Frances. , there to take care of the place and Charley Fogg as the India While yet a small child, too while my father was away, and of moved away went to the Rlchar small to remember, only in a very j course anxiously awaited our re­ ( house. At this time the India: vague way about playing at our turn. were about a half mile awi home in Mt. Vernon, when at the I driving oft and killing the cattl Grasshoppers Take CiYrp death of my Grandfather Davis, j The house was a log cabin with j Fogg held the saddle horses ai my father bought out the other i kept his eyes on the India: j a.dirt roof. In the spring it heirs and we moved to the farm, I while my husband went inside, : proved to be not so good after a six miles out from Mt. Vernon, i heavy rain, We j was a gruesome sight. Both w had a lovely There we lived until the summer i garden, oats, men were lying on the floor. Mr wheat, barley and of 1863. My father sold the hay. Everything grew wonder­ Richards was dead with a med farm and we moved to Spring fully. One day almost harvest cine pole thrust into her. Mr Garden which was six rniles from time my mother sent me to the Hall was pierced with a poisone the farm. He went to California j garden to gather some peas for No. 134 Oliver Messenger arrow, still alive but unconsciou in the gold excitement. He was i dinner. As I was just ready to I She lived from that morning unt there three years. He came back return to the house the grasshop- ed the miners. Frank Irwin was midnight when she passed awa: as far as Pt. Collins, Colorado. pers came in a cloud. I had to the stationary engineer. The next :j He removed the medicine ba There he leased a farm, then Richard’s body bi face them and I did not know how spring the mines were closed. We J. i ---- wrote to mother for us to meet j when he made the second attemi I could ever do it. I was so were going to move back to him at St. Joe, Missouri. He I to take the arrow from Mrs. Ha frightened. They were so thick drove across the plains with a and heavy the sun was darkened. lantic. A man by the name it came out without the arro James Kime was to move our mule team to Omaha, Nebraska. They came in such a roar, so in­ point. things, to We were just ready After writing mother he was tak- tense and heavy. My father was Mr. and Mrs. James I. Patte start when one of the men came en sick, and did not meet us as at Pt. Collins about two and one and others came from the fort i in and said “ You had better not we expected. When we got to St. soon as they could reach bandf half miles away. By night there Joe and did not find my father was not a spear of anything left. go. The Indians are just upon and removed the bodies to the Aj there, mother wrote a letter to Hay, grain, garden, everything, ev­ the hill there.” We did not start ency. then. him and left it at the office there en the onions down into the After the two men saw that th Frank Irwin had gone to his In St. J,oe. Mothei- had a cousin j ground were eaten. women were given care they star parents home before, but he had on a farm out from St. Joe. We ' not taken all of his things and ed for Ft. Stambaugh to notify tl Earl.v Cheyenne Tent Town Went out there, expecting father soldiers. As they gained the hl My father just loaded up and wanted us to bring them on our across the river, across froi to make inquiry about us. He did load. He was on his way over to not. He went back to Illinois to left for Cheyenne where the Union where the depot now is, they lool his sisters and asked where my ! Pacific had laid out a town, Not see us about it, when he met five ed back. The Indians were nt Indians, who met him as friends , , , , His sister said i a building, all tents, except one said “How” and shook hands. : . mother was. and counting them pla, shook “Why they are in St. Joe. We I place where boards were set on ed the number at 75. It was e’ have had letters from them”, end and battened between, which One got behind him and knocked ident that they had no intentior him down with his tomahawk. Father had supper with his sister was used for a saloon.' My fath­ of doing anything to the men bi and family, then started back that er leased one large tent and put stripped him of his clothing, made were wrecking their revenge up,o -pjjg i him run, and as he ran they shot night. He had had to hire a up a small one in back. arrows into him. These arrows the women. Had I remained i horse to go to Spring Garden large one was used for a dining the valley T might also have bee room and kitchen for a hotel. The 'were poisoned. Three of them a victim, for those two wome where his sister lived and where struck and stuck. He ran to the he expected to find us, not having small one was our living and bed and I were the only women res: had any other word. He met on room. We did a thriving busi- outside of Atlantic, a bachelor saw dents at that time and the nin (jp i him and went to his assistance. his way my mother’s father and Hess there. I never before men made up the entire populs mother and had a little visit with since have seen SiO much money as helped him to his cabin, then ' tion of the valley. went for his father Dr. James Ir ­ we made there. W stayed just them. It was a hard ride to Ft. Stam My mother in the meantime was one year. After we had been win. Dr. Irwin was not at home. baugh and the soldiers immediate He was in South Pass and, of very much worried about my fath­ there for a time, the first building i ly mounted to take up the pursui er not meeting us as planned. put up was leased by my father. course not any telephones at that i of the Indians. With 35 mile time, a messenger was sent for Having heard about the Indians It was a good sized building two i him. They got Dr. Harris, anoth- start and several hours to mak making so many raids on the im­ stories high. In the meantime the ' er doctor of Atlantic. He remov­ their getaway before the soldier migrants. Mother had a dream. Union Pacific was building and ed the arrows. Frank lived until (could be notified, the Indian When she got up the morning af­ would soon be there. : made good their escape. A few days before it reached midnight and was able to tell the ter the dream, she said to my My husband remained at th particulars. The Indians played cousin and family, “Lorenze will Cheyenne one of the boarders and i mine until my baby was born o friends with and killed seven men be here today”, and he was. She I bet on the time of day it would that day. We moved that after­ I July 26, three days after the niui had dreamed that he had missed reach Cheyenne. I was not a bet­ noon, Mr. Knott feeling it would der of these two women. I hav us and had gone back to our ting person, having never bet be­ be just as safe as it would be la­ had three children since, Alva wh home just as he did, but would be fore, but the day they reached is in Lander with me, Mrs. Alic ter. there that day. One thing of in­ Cheyenne, the young man I had Breitenstein of Paroo and Winni The next spring on April the terest while at St. Joe was that bet with came in with material for 22nd 1870 my oldest aon was of Cody. while at play one day we children a new dress. (The bet had been ; Since coming to Wyoming born. were out in a heavy timber a i a new hat against a new dress.) ■ have lived here continuously i: Early Lander Settlers bunch of wild turkeys flew down 5 The young man was a clerk in a Lander and have gone to Denve In the Spring of 1872 we moved : but once, to Burlington, lowe and lighted In trees above us. We j dry goods store, I was very much shooed and shooed, and the little I surprised as I had not thought to the Lander valley, then known I on a visit to my daughter, to Ba rinp' tbnf wat! with lie harkpd and sPr.ioUSlv Of the bet. as Big Popo Agie valley. On Ju- Mrs. Sarah Davis Knott Crossed Plains �;o be scared away. The men were miles west of Cheyenne to Hazard interest in the Lovell ranch is it ' Cody. My husband passed on January iway that day I guess the turkeys Station, where my folks ran a was then known. My husband road house. We did a good bus­ hired two men who had brought i,24, 1923 and my birthday is Jan{new that. iness there. Father had leased vegetables from Utah, to bring us i uary 4 and my age is 79 years in Stfiit Aciuss the Plains The day following my father’s this place from two young men, down. My husband and one of 1933. the men rode ahead on horse back SuiXuid quads sum aujuaAa eqj, arrival we took the steam boat Mr. Knott and Mr. Norton. as body guards. We came to ’or Omaha, Nebraska. I enjoyed Romantic Wedding •ejorapjOM Ptna pun ajouipjoi^ ;his part of the trip very much. I The next year my father began Little Popo Agle where we stop­ Quuajsi JO jouoq ui jqSiu .tupu j Xj iat ,at the window with the engin­ to be suspicious of these two I ped for lunch and fed the team. -and n aanS Xr.unjv jamja 's-iiv eer a great deal of the time, young men, my sister and myself. I The mosquitoes were very bad. —ailOKIFHOM SaSSlK SHO watching the scenery and talking He was making plans to move. One ! My little son and I suffered a -KOH AvaauM anKTM salt o the engineer. I was very much day after he had gone, Mr. Norton great deal from them. It was my * * * nterested in him and his machin­ went into Cheyenne to make ar- i first experience with them for I •Xapsoni had never seen any of them be ­ ery, as well as the scenery. Fath­ rangements for the justice of the ■' qxeu eq him Supeaiu jxeu aqj, We were very heavily -jsoj qjinaq eqj ui sjuiod oatj aqi er had left his team with a peace to meet us a half mile from : fore. earmer at Omaha, where he went the house at five o'clock. We did ! loaded and it took all afternoon passed junp ssjia -sjou^ SuiXq when we arrived at Omaha. We not have to have a marriage li- I to reach this valley. It all seem­ ui pun ssudraoa eqj jo esn aqj ui rad to wait there for a company of cense at that time, just a witness. ed so wonderful to me. When we uaAiS ojaAV suoijonjjsnj 'uosiun ui ?ilgrims to be made up. This A man by the name of Frank Fisk left Atlantic it was cold and snow­ asTuiojd jnoos ptS aqj pajuadat ip was required by the governor on was out visiting up from Cheyenne ing and to arrive here in a beau­ uaqjj ’AABj jnoas ■e aAuS piS qant recount of the raiding of the hos- and we took him as the witness. tiful green valley. There was naa Roj J03; ‘ssauRi jo juno: ;ile Indians. We were three weeks We had planned to go for a walk, some nice gardens. I though I j -au uo juasqu sum uosaqoR unaj 3rosslng the plains arriving in Ft. had talked it over with mother at ' had reached “Paradise”. When • ■Buuv puasajd ajeAt spjS uaj Jollins on the sixth day of De­ the noon hour, and coaxed her to we arrived here there was one wo­ •uanv T 'a ’S-iIM JO auioq aip jr cember in a snow storm. I enjoy- let us wear our new dresses. (We man here, Mrs. Richards living in looqas JajjB! Xnpsanj, jam sjnoac 5d the trip all the way across the each had new dresses we had nev- i a house where the Baldwin store jjjO aqj JO z ’ON uoisiAia tlains. I did not realize the dan­ er worn.) She thought it very now stands, and nine men includ­ •ssajsoq sn uapv T ‘i; foolish, but we told her that Mr. ing my husband. Mart Hornecker i ■SJI5 qjiAi XupnoM Jxau jaara ijjjv ger we were in. All the way across there were Fisk had never seen them. She and brother Ernest on the ranch i sjnoas aqj, •saSp’eq jjjara ujnjqo o: tilgrim houses, a day’s drive apart was convinced, and we wore the that Mart still owns. Charley ifjOM Jiaqj uuid spjS eqj padiai with supply stores in case the im- new dresses. We met at the ap- | Fog and Tip Trimble about one uaiiv T "a ’sjpi qjOM ssBia jsji nigrants would run short. Black­ pointed place at the appointed I mile southwest, now known as the aqj Jo^ ‘ajp jo asua uj jnoai smith shops took care of any time. We were married there i Dora Robertson place. Peter An­ ■B JO joiABqaq puB uoiJuaAaut derson was just below where the oreaks or losses. We had with standing on the railroad track. I ajij u{ osjB ‘3bij uBOuarav eq' Js a big New Foundland dog chat My sister, Cynthia to John Norton i round house is now. Jake Fry JO ajjanbpa puB XJOjsiq ui spp we children enjoyed very much. and I to John Knott. My sister j lived on what is now known as the aqj pejanjjsui uojXbjo 'Sjj^ qjoA 3ne day we met a band of four­ was 16 years old and I was 14 Experimental farm. Henry Lov­ jnoas ssBja puoaas qjjAi auR u teen Indians. They had their years old. This was on the 15th ell had the place just this side of •asiraojd jnoas ptS aqj uosjun u women with them and father said day of Feb. 1868. The justice of Squaw creek known as the Agri- oabS juasaJd spiS uaajuaAas eq,; IS long as they had their women the peace was Mr. Brown later cultuial site. This place was al­ •AABj jnoas jJiS B oabS piS qoB'i with them we need not be afraid, Judge Brown who has presided so owned later by my sister, Alice ‘RBa ROJ Oj asuodsaj uj 'Xai This is -uBjj auRojBD Xq pajuBdracaaB ,,in there would be no danger. But here in Court many times and Wroe and husband. we were very much frighcened and who^ many of you have met no where my husband had bought the -ijnBaa aqj Bapamv,, JO SuiSuj had him draw the wagon sheet doubt. My father had a contract half Interest. eqj Xq pauado SupaaM 'ssajso The next spring my sister Alice SB aByapj auiqdasof ’sjpi qjp close so we could not see out, or to board the men for the rail road they see inside. When we came graders, and of course as they came down bo visit us. On her jooqas jajjB SuxueAa XBpuopi jei return I went with her to visit ’ sjnoog pip JO J •OK uoisiAiQ to the crossing .of the South builded they moved. with my parents. The weather I I’latte river, we had left the rest Came to Atlantic City —DNiJLaaw axi. became very bad while I was i of the train. They were going to AOfNa SAfioos aim Mr. Knott and Mr. Norton dis­ there, and continued bad. My i Denver, we were going to Ft. Col­ solved partnership. We moved mother Insisted on my staying as lins. The Platte was very treach. -jf uospnH 2lhBJ, first to Elk Mt. and the next I was expecting another baby. erouK on account of the quick pUB JBSJJ, "Sjpi pUB XOO -SJ] spring, 1869 we moved to Atlan­ Indians Kill Two Women sand. My father had had this on Xq paiUBdraoaoB ajeAi. suojAiaK OR tic City, We made this move his mind all along but had said Mrs. Richard’s niece, Mrs. Hall, •UOpBiaOSSB IBpOJipa JBUOpBK at with an ox team. My parents had nothing to mother about it. We moved there before. Atlantic City \ had come to vl^it her the summer Supuasajdau ‘Bjoseuuipi ‘ifaraa stayed at a ranch that night, on was a thriving mining town of i before. Three days before the JO iieqajiw: ’Z ’H Po'® nosuqc the bank of the Platte. Father 10,000 inhabitants at this time. birth of my daughter, to be exact •Aop Xq apura ajoAt sassaupp iliat night raised the wagon bo.x My father was employing a num­ on the 23rd day of July 1873, qaiqM jb 'op jaAtoa puB jqSi higher by putting blocks of wood ber of men in a placer mine. My these two women were both killed opBJOjop aqj Xq janbuBq b ’ on the axels. This was to keep pajBuimino uopusAuoa aqi ’am husband went to work for him. by the Indians. the water out of the wagon box. The Indians lay down along side jbXoj b UAtoqs puB sajjBaqj ubi One day I went to the mine with My father did not give those mules him. They had dug prospect of their horses as they rode until -jjnH Xjjbh 9ip puB sjaunip pt any time to rest crossing. He suoaqounj jb sjsanS aaaAi ajdot holes ahead to find which way the they were within a half mile of ’ used the black snake whip pretty jadBdsAiau aqj, •sjuamiuBdmi pay streak ran. They struck the the little log cabin which stood -OB snojauaS qjiAt jauuip Xaqrnj freely and after we were across on the present site of the Baldwin pay streak in one corner of the father threw up his hands and paXofua puB satQBj aqj jb pajBi hole they were on this day I i store. As they raised up they yelled at the top of his voice, I went out. One of them put a gave their blood curdling war ’ ajaAi oOi uBqj ajopi 'lajoq u "whoope!” We did not under­ -Rodomsop aqj jb qnjo ajoH Jou bench down in the hole so I whoop and rode straight for the ’ aqj JO jabuBq aqj jb “op Jaqmn stand him, he was always so quiet house. They were out to avenge ! could climb down in and out and not given to make demonstra­ Piau-aiqoK am JO PiajH ’H f sJ again. They gave me a gold pan the killing of some Indian women. tions of this kind. He finally ex­ Tip Trimble and Charley Fogg ’ puB 'jRi JO sjsanS araAi Xaqj Sup and told me I could have all I !1 -Aa XBpsjnqx -aoiAjas SuispjaA! plained to us the danger we had could wash out. I suppose I were setting fence posts on the been in or rather the treacherous­ washed out more gold than I Fogg place and were in plain sight ’ ■ puB uoijBjado jadBds.wau ui s] ness of the river. -qjaui JsajBt aqj jo lUBjSojd B I saved, but I saved $4.80. I i of all that happened. It would j SutuajsR XBpjnjBg puB XBpwj .r This day was a hard one on the have meant certain death to them 1 could pick the gold out with my i -uaa JB Suijaara uoijbwossb ssa. team, short of feed and snowing, had they gone to the rescue of the fingers. I had never seen a gold i but my father knew where he was women as there were 75 Indians. ' opBJOjop aqj papuajjB uoja{i pan before. going and felt he could make it They mounted their horses and > jsaiLia puB uojAiaK •'i 'q JOjipa: to the ranch he had leased; which Frank Irwin Killed by Indians i rode toward where they knew my In the fall of 1869 we moved] husband and Mr. Miner were, the we did after dark. This ranch vas on the Cache la Poudre river. to Miners Delight where I board­ former piclting berries and the �‘i>-i‘«i’*4'******M>****+**M>«4'*4'****4^***^^>***^* ’5^+*** ❖ « Extreme Measures Were Used to Rid * Rangeland of Rustlers bv the Cattle Outfits ** * Dab Burch and Jack Bedford Had No Chance * ** For Their Lives in Tragedy of the Nowood + * (By J. W. Morrow of Claresholm, Alberta) In order that the readers of this) invaders took refuge in the wil­ story may know how I came to) lows and sagebrush and gulches, and a regular siege began. Mr. know the details of this affair, ij F’oot offered one thousand dollars will state that I lived with my I for any one who could produce a stepfather, J. R. McKinnie, and) cannon. The seige did not last family, on the Greybull river, two ! long, as the invaders seeing the miles below the old townsite of; helplessness of their position sur­ Otto, at a place called in those rendered, were taken to Cheyenne ' days. The Bridser crossing of; and tried lor murder but were not Whoozit No. 136 Greybull being the place where convicted. Jim Bridger crossed the river As his plan did not work out as when he piloted a large immigrant; expected, a new plan was put in be cut out and left behind, bu train through the country in the force, which was to send detec­ Bedford and Burch were stroni early days. Mr. Bedford spent tives out among the ranchers, in their desire to take the horse considerable time at our house, i whose business was to spy on sus­ along, and then advertize them a and as Mr. McKinme was a wit-; picious ranchers, and if anything strays, the advertizing to be don* ness in the famous trial, which was found wrong to shoot them in “The Rustler,” a paper print will be mentioned l iter in this ' down from ambush. Northern ed at Bonanza, and edited by Tor story, I had a change to know all) Wyoming was full of these cattle Daggett. A lot of argument too: the details connected with the af- detectives when the year of 1892 place in regard to the matter an; fair. came around. I will now go di­ it was finally agreed to let ther Before going in to this story, I) rectly into the story of Jack Bed­ take the horses along, providing they would assume all responsibil will write brieflj a picture of the ford and Dab Burch. conditions of thiugs as they were; Jack Bedford was a man of Ity in connection with drivin at this time, in order to show how about 2 6 years of age, light com­ them off the range. it was possible for circumstances plection and had rather an attrac­ After the finish of the roundu to happen that would lead up to ! tive personal appearance. t He Bedford asked permission the killing of these two men in the ; was born near Dallas, Texas, and place the stray horses in our pas manner in which it happened. came up the trail into Wyoming ture, which was granted, and the; At this time the most of the with a bunch of Texas cattle in remained there until Septembe , state of Wyoming was used as a the year of 1890. He went to 2 9. On the evening of this day large grazing area, where vast work for the ML of Lovell Cattle; John Seaman a rancher from th herds of cattle ran at large, and Cd., which had their headquar-1 Nowood, and who lived at Bon were owned by large cattle com­ ters on the Shoshone river at or) anza, arrived at our house, in panies, who had their cattle ranch­ near the present town of Lovell.! formed Mr. McKinnie that th es located on the rivers, which at While on the roundup in the I horses he had in the pasture, wer this time were mostly open, and spring of 1891 he met a young I his property, and that he ha gave the stock plenty of chance for man by the name of Ira Walker,; warrants for the arrest of Jac water; and especially was this true who had his headquarters on Shell Bedford and Dab Burch for steal of the Big Horn Basin, as there creek, and was running a small Ing them; also that he, Mr. M( were only about six settlers on the bunch of cattle which he was ad­ Kinnie, and some of the other Big Horn river between the can­ ding to in the usual way at that who were on the roundup woul yon on the north side of the basin. time. He persuaded Mr. Bedford have; to appear as witnesses. Th The Shoshone river (Stinking to quit his job and join him as a) trial was to take place on Septen •Water river) was almost complete­ partner, which he did, and the; ber 30, at Walter Peay’s farm o ly open. The Greybull was more two started up ranching on Shell the Big Horn river, in Johnso thickly settled, although the big creek. i Co., Mr. Peay being justice c flat known as the Burlington In the summer of 1891 a big; peace. Flat, was not settled and was Fourth of July celebration was The threshing outfit had jus roamed over by bands of antelope, held at Otto and people came pulled into our field, with the ir cattle and wild horses. The first from all over the Basin to attend tention .of threshing for up th settlemen was made on this flat this affair. Jack Bedford was next day, and my step-father re the following year, 1893, by the j among the visitors from Shell. It fused to appear as a witness o Mormon people. ! was at this affair that he got ac- that day. Mr. Seaman strongl On account of the rough nature) quainted with the young people protested, but finally gave in, an of the country, it was not possible j of otto and vicinity. From this it was agreed that the trial woul for the large cattle companies in i ti„ie on he spent most of his time take place on October 1. their big roundups to find all of j in this neighborhood and in the Saturday, Oct, 1st, 1892, oper the cattle on the range each I spring of 1892 met Dab Burch, ed up as a beautiful day, as onl pring, and went unbranded until; and the • two formed a warm the Big Horn Basin can product ley were weaned from their friendship. The threshers were just finishin David A. Burch, commonly our job. I well remember seein others. and then became what s called mavericks. It was the known as “Dab”, was about 30 Jack Bedford standing on th ‘'ey of the cattle companies to j years old, tall and slender, and horse power, talking to the drii -Xivi t! , ---- J-de these mavericks among, was born in the state of Miss,ouri. �weie a lew the year of 1888, and settled on small ranchers and a good many Owl creek, where he ran a bunch It had been arranged that al ^cowboys who took up claims of of horses until the spring of 1892, parties concerned with the tria their own, bought a few head of when he moved to Otto. would meet at our house, havt stock, and started branding all the He became well known over the early dinner, and then proceed to­ mavericks they could find in or­ Basin in the year of 188 9, for gether to the Walter Peay ranch der to add to their herds. This having fought a fierce six-shooter on the Big Horn, which was situ­ finally became known as rustling duel with Pistol Billy, a cowboy ated about a quarter of a mile and it would not have been so bad working for the Pitchfork Cattle south and east from the present if this class of ranchers had con­ Co. This duel took place on the J site ot Manderson. fined themselves to branding only farm of Angus AjcDonald, twenty-! The party, consisting of Jacii mavericks, but a good many lof the five miles south ot Meeteetse, on ! Bedford and Dab Burch, as detenso-called rustlers branched out Gooseberry creek. The young j dants, John A.. Thorne, Johnnie and branded calves that were fol­ men put their backs together Kerkins, 'J—J. ’ K. McKinnie, Joe lowing mothers, and sometimes walked ten paces, turned and! Brown and MoiTroe Johnson as killed the mothers, and committed filled one another full ot lead at j witnesses, arrived at the scene of other deeds of a similar nature. a distance of twenty paces. Both the trial, about 2 o'clock and were The business of rustling became men recovered, having been put surprised to find Joe Kogers, Mr. so bad in Wyoming that the large into a democrat wagon and taken Heavier and Mr. Klckets, all three stock owners became furious. It to Owl creek, where they were cattle detectives, standing around seemed impossible to stop this met by Dr. Scheuelkie- from Lan- j In the yard at Mr. Peay s farm. kind of work by the law of the der. The trial was immediately pro­ land, so in the spring of 1891a During "the summer of 1892 ceeded with, and alter all the wit­ large posse of men, consisting ot Bedford and Burch rode the range ! nesses had testified, John Sea­ drifters, gunmen and gamblers, in and around the Greybull coun-! man asked Mr. Peay to dismiss the were hired and armed and given try, and were constantly watched case, as he was satisfied that the instructions to kill every cattle by three cattle detectives, whose horses had not been stolen, and justiei who happened to have his i names were as follows: Joe Rog- that he uid not wish to prosecute name on the blacklist. This ers, a red faced, unattractive look­ any further. Accordingly the bunch ot men were organized at or ing man, who had known Jack two defendants were turneu loose, near Cheyenne, and were put un­ Bedford when he worked for the and prearations were niade to re­ der a leader and the posse started Lovell Cattle Co., and whom Mr. turn to Otto, when a quarrel denorth toward Buffalo. The first Bedford thought was a good veioped between Beulord and victims to come in contact with friends of his; a Mr. Peavier, who Peavier. 'the latter had testified this bunch were Nate Champion came from nowhere as far as that he had seen Bedford and and Nick Ray, who lived at the anyone knew, and was a kind of Burch drive the horses off the KC (Kaycee) ranch on Powder a mystery man; and Mr. Rickets, range on the Nowood. Bedford river. These two men bached in a man who worked for the Pitch­ took hold of Peavier s ■Whiskers h small log cabin, and as they fork Cattle Co., at one time. (I and pulled him around the yard. were on the blacklist, the posse am not sure of the name of this and threatened to horsewhip him surrounded the cabin during the last man, but I will call him Rick­ with a quin which he held in his night and waited for daylight. ets in this story.) hand, however, the men were Early in the morning Nick Ray These three men were often parted, auu alter a lot of quarrel­ opened the door with the inten­ seen lurking around through the ing and ai gument, tne party, tion of going to the creek for wa­ country all summer, and were leaving the tiiree detectives stand­ ter, when he was shot down in the thought by most everyone to be ing in the yard, started lor home. doorway. Nate Champion pulled spotters, but Air. Bedford would When luey .arrived at the cross­ his friend’s body into the cabin always say Rogers was his friend, ing Of the Big Morn, tuey were and barricaded the door, and then On the 1st of September of this burpnseu to see Air. Peavier and started as game a battle as was year, the small stockmen lof the Mr. rticKeis nding flown lo . cue ever put up by one man against a district around Otto decided to iioad towaiu them, Mr. Kogers' mob. Mr, Champion kept a diary put on a roundup for the purpose following oeniiid. W lien the irio of the affair which was after­ of gathering in their stock which got to within fifty yarns ot them wards found on his body. He ranged in the badlands to the they dismouuteu, drew their Vvinsaid that the mob kept up a steady south of the river. Accordingly, cnesters and taKiUg aim across fire, sending bullets through the an organization was formed, con­ their saddles called on the party door and window, and that he re­ sisting of John A. Thorne, John­ to surienuer, as they had a war­ turned the fire until nearly noon, nie Perkins, J. R. McKinnie, Joe rant tor iiieir arrest. Bedford when his ammunition gave out. Brown, L. Guynup, Albert Guy- ana Burch puiled their guns ana The mob then loaded a wagon nup, J. V. Gould iand Monroe tooK protection bemud tueir sauwith dry willows, and backed it Johnston. Bedford and Burch ale horses, 'me rest ot tne parry up against the cabin and set fire asked permission to> join this drew guns anu got betiiud trees. to it. As soon as the cabin was roundup and it was granted them. and 11 ioOKed lire a Oartle wouiu well afire he opened the door and The route laid out was to leave De fought, wnen Joe frogers can­ made a run for his life, but was the Greybull at the McKinnie ed on everyone to put up their Immediately shot down. ranch and cross the badlands to guns, that tnere was no use in , The news of this killing soon the Big Horn river, follow up this iiaviiig trouoie, as ne just nad a reached Buffalo and Sheridan, stream to Fifteen Mile creek, and warrant tor jack Beuiord and and the citizens of these two towns follow that creek to Buffalo Ba­ Hao Buren for causing a distur­ became alarmed at the invasion sin, traveling east of Tatman bance on the court grounds. Jack ot the country by a gang of killers, mountain and home. Bedford said that he knew Joe and a large army of nearly one On the first night out on the Kogers was a friend of his, and thousand men was quickly gath­ Big Horn river, an incident hap­ told Dab to put up his gun, as ered together at Buffalo, and put pened which ultimately led to the "Old Joe” would see them througn under the command of Mr. Fioote killing of Jack Bedford and all right. of Buffalo. This army of men Dab Burch. On the morning fol-. They both finally haiided their marched south from Buffalo and towing the first night out, three ' Suns pver to Joe Kogers, and surrounded the invaders' at a stray saddle horses came into the »iaried back up to Pea 8 to oe point some where between the roundup. Air. Thorne, who was (tried for assault.. Mr. McKinnie i Kaycee ranch and Buffalo. The foreman, insisted that the horsesI' anr Mr ThnrnB ci anc Air. Thome started back with i �tnem, out Joe byuxvc and said that it would not be J necessary for them bo go back, as he would see that the boys were well protected, and Jack Bedford spoke up and said: “Yes, Jim, you and Thorne go on home, ‘Old Joe’ is a good friend of mine and we will not need you.’’ Accordingly, ■ McKinnie and Thorne turned and , went toward home, and Jack Bed­ ford and Dab Burch accompanied by Joe Rogers, and Peavler and ‘ Rickets, proceeded to the Peay '' ranch, where they were given a hearing before Peay, who ordered , them to be taken to Buffalo for ‘ trial, and appointed Joe Rogers to take them there. After the trial, Rogers necked , Bedford’s and Burch’s horses to- , gether with a small rope, and , started to tie the men’t feet to-' gether under their horses. Burch objected to this, but again Bed­ ford spoke up and said that Rog­ ers was his friend, and it would 5 be all right, so both men were tied on their horses. Rogers asked permission from Mr. Sea-i man to stop at his place at Bon­ anza for the night, and this was i granted. i The four men then started for Bonanza. After their departuie, Mr. Peavler and Mr. Rickets, mounted their horses, rode north and crossed the No wood, circled around by the Jordon flour mill and recrossed the No wood, just ! east of the O. C. Morgan farm. I They then took the Morgan road for Bonanza, which followed up the bottom of a deep gulch, and joined with the Peay road right in; the bottom of a deep gulch. Herei they waited lor the other party tos arrive. When the party of four arrived: within about twenty yards of the! forks in the road, Peavler andl Rickets rode out of the gulch and confronted them. They told Mr.i Seaman that they had decided toi take the boys back bo Peay’s and: withdraw charge and turn them^ loose, and that he, Mr. Seaman,) could go home, which he immed-' lately did. Alter the departure of Mr. Sea-i man, the two men, Mr. Bedfordl and Dab Burch, and their twof horses were shot down by thts three detectives, Robers, Peavle)and Rickets. The two men, witltheir legs tied under the horses and the horses necked together could offer no resistance. In vis­ iting the spot after the shooting everything indicated that Rogers had shot Bedford through the) head with a Colts 45, as he wa& the only one of the three carry-. Ing that kind of a gun, and Burclk at once took his knife from hisi pocket and cut the rope holdingf the horses together and made an. effort to escape, but Peavler and Rickets with their Winchesters caused his horse to run a circle and horse. The next morning, Mr. Town­ send, a threshing machine man, who had been threshing on the upper Nowood country, was on his way to spend Sunday at his ranch on the Big Horn, and came upon the bodies of the dead men. He hastened to Mr. Peay’s place and notified him of the tragedy. Mr. Peay ordered him to make rough boxes and bury the two men — at once. Mr. Townsend buried the men on the bluffs opposite his farm, and they remained burled there until the following March, when a I party consisting of John A. I Thorne, Johnny Perkins and J. R. I McKinnie went to the place of I burial and took up the bodies and I brought them to Otto, where fun■ eral services were held, the serI vices being under the direction of I the Rev. I.. C. Thompson. The I remains were then buried in the Otto cemetery. The three murderers made good their escape, and were never heard of after, with exception of Joe Rogers, who camped one night in Pryor’s Gap with an old friend ol him, while on his way out of the country, and to whom he confess­ ed the deed, and boasted of having killed Jack Bedford. His story of the affair was al most precisely as narrated here This man’s name was John Sneid er, and he did not tell of meetinf i Rogers for about five years aftei the affair took place. The writer met this Mr. Sneide: in the spring ol 1897, while camp ing one night on the Crow India] reservation, on Lodge Grass creek and he asked me many question I concerning this affair, after whicl he bold me what Joe Rogers haI told him. �< page 4 ' wed., Aug. 11. 1948 JP 'HOOVER BLASTS iWEAOFMANAS * ! SLAVE OF STATEj a i T 0 0! B' S' a, s; P I V u” West Branch, la,, Aug. 10 (Spe- | s; It « clal)-The text of former President iContrasts America withl ■ Foreign Countries. Hoover’s birthday speech here p; today follows: x» C "I am glad to have your inyltaJO I tion to come again to this Iowa W 1 1 village where I was bom. Here i Pl 1 ’ spent the first 10 years of my toyt hood. My parents and grandparents ' 'i came to this vlUagp in the covered ; ! wagon-pioneers in this commum^. 1 They lie buried over the hill. They i broke the prairie into homes of independent living. 'Ihey wor’ shipped God; they did the^ duty •to their nel^bors. They toiled to •bring to their children greater > comfort, better education and to 'open to them wider opportunity i than had been theirs, < ‘T am proud to have been bom • in Iowa, As I have said befom. ' thru the eyes of a 10 year old boy ‘ i it was a place of adventure and 'daily discoveries. The wonder of the growing crops, the excitements of the harvest, the journeys to the (woods for nuts and hunting, the (joys of snowy winters, the comrfort of the family fireside, of good (food and tender care. Md out of Ithe excessive energy of all small I boys, the evenings were filled with accounts of defeat and vic- , IfOTy over animate and inanimate j 'things—so far as they were per- | ‘mitted in a Quaker community. • W(Wk On Farm Told » ••Indelible in those recollec­ tions was a widowed mother, sit­ ting with her needle, cheerMly supporting three children and at the same time ministering to her ■nei^bors. After that came life with Uncle Allan on his farm near this village, with the joys and sorrows which come to every small ■ boy en route to life’s disciplines 1 by way of farm chores. And Mong them was the unending making of provisions for the next winter. But 'in -those primitive days, social ' security was had from the cellar, 'not from the federal government. "You may be surpnsed if I tell : you that at an age somewhat under ■ 10 I began here my first national i - service. By my own efforts I f^ i nished firecrackers required ‘ the adequate celebration of the > Independence of the United States ] on July 4.1882. To get those fir^ ; J crackers, I entered into collective 1 bargaining by which it was settled rthat I should receive one cent per I hundred for picking potato bugs i^n ' a field in sight of this stMd. W ^impression then, and now.is, that it was an oppressive wage rate. • �^so, I took part in the politi-i seal Issues of the day by walking ® beside Garfield torchlight proScession in the Presidential camFbalgn of 1884. And by the village flags at half mast, I learned of •Bthe assassination of Garfield jswith some dim understanding that jc somewhere in the nation great men <n guarded its future, }| “One of tijg infjeiibjg impres*'sions of memory was the original J Quaker meeting house. Those rec"ollections chiefly revolve around the stiff repression of the explo­ sive energies of a small boy sit­ ting during the long silences. One JI time, however, the silence was H broken by the shrill voice of Aunt u*Hannah who was movedin meeting bitterly to denounce the modem-' Istic tendencies of those times. She had firm views on any form of recreation, which included singing in Sunday school. She closed with l i a peroration to the effect that if these tendencies persisted that s. edifice dedicated to God would >g some day become in fact that s—place of abomination—a "theatre.’* And truly, the old meeting !• . house in its decadent years, hav- le I ing made way for a better edifice, -td | became a movie house. My view te ; is that the abomination part de- id ■ to’ pends on the choice of the film. is Recalls School Teacher “And among these recollections ed was that of a great lady who first ;etaught me in school and remained ;h, my friend during her whole long and ed ee useful life, Mrs. Mollie Carran. “It was from her that I first heard something about the word ’ American. Many great writers and statesmen have attempted to express what we mean by that word, not But there is an Imponderable feel■ ing within it which reaches to the i soulofourpeople and defies measure. the I “America means far more than a continent bounded by two oceans. ireg It is more than pride of military iad| power, glory in war, or in victory. .'oM It means more than vast expanse of itha farms, of great factories or mines, iro-ffl magnificent cities, or millions of arlB •automobiles and radios. Jt is more obJ even than the traditions of the great ; o^ tide westward from Europe wliicli rh®S pioneered the conquest of a con- mes;q tinent. It Is more than our literature, r o( j our music, our poetry. Other na­ tions have these things also. 6 ! “Maybe the intangible we can->ded not describe lies in the personal ould experience and the living of each •I of us rather than in phrases, how- oese ever ever inspiring. K will Experience As American IS “Perhaps without immodesty I irica can claim to have had some ex­ hese IC perience in what American means, ;here fl I have lived many kinds of Amer- ■nd a |>-Jcan life. After my early boyhood that in this Iowa village, I lived as~ ) the ward of a country doctor in Oregon. -1 lived among those to ; whom hard work was the price of pn ail existence. The open opportunities I wiU of America opened out to me the r men i public schools. They carried me f free I; to the professional training of j an American university. I began tritual > I by working with my own hands fulfill I for my daily bread., i have tasted Tican. the despair of fruitless search ituries i for a Job. I know the kindly en-. coun* couragement of a humble boari Inghouse keeper. , I know now �economic depression either com­ ing or going. But nobody told me of it. So I did not have the mod­ em worry of what the federal government would do about it. “I have conducted the admin­ istration of great Industries with their problems of production and the well-being of their employes. Sees Contrasts Abroad "I have seen America in con­ trast with many nations and races. My profession took me into ? :many .foreign lands under many kinds of government. I have worked with their great spiritual leaders and their great statesmen, I have worked in governments of free men, of tyrannies, of Social­ ists and of Communists. I have met with princes, kings, despots and desperados. "I have seen the squalor of ‘ Asia, the frozen class barriers ■ of Europe, I was not a tourist, I was associated in their working lives and problems. I had to deal Mtn their social systems and I their governments. And outstandj mg everywhere to these great ; masses of people there was a ; hallowed word—America. To them, ( it was the hope of the world. “My every frequent homecoming was a reaffirmation of the glory of America. Each time my soul was washed by the relief from finding poverty of other nations. : by the greater kindliness and frankness which comes from ac­ ceptance of equality apd the wide/open opportunity to all who wnt a chance, It is more than that. It is a land of self-respect born alone of free men. Slavery On March nn participated on behalf of America in a great war. I saw untold misery and revolution. 1 have seen liberty die and tyranny rise. I have seen human slavery again on the : march. , "I iiave been repeatedly placed by my counhymen where I had need to deal with the hurricanes of social and economic destruc­ tion which have swept the world. I have seen bitter famine and the worst misery that the brutality of war can produce. “I have had every honor to which any man could aspire. There is no place on the whole CMth except here in America where ^1 toe sons of man could have this chance in life. 7 .’■ecount all this in order that, in Quaker terms, I can give my own testimony, “The meaning of our word America flows from one pure spring. The soul of our America is Its freedom of mind and spirit “e the open Mndows thru which pours toe sunUght of the human spirit. Here alone is human dignity not : A dream, but an accomplishment. , ,, ! Qtes Quaker H^tage Perhaps another etching of Mrther meaning of America Ues Jn tnis community, it was largely settled by Quakers over 90 years small religious seet J” Eng land had declared that cert^n freedoms of man came from the Creator and not from thestate 150 years before toe Dec- I laration of Independence. They ' spent much time in British stocks . this first outburst l?2f7^hTn toe dignity of toe ind^ vidual man. ; “They first came in refuge to i New EiglMd. But the Puritans ' �( 01 roun in me oi uib iuuj.! vidual man. , : “They first came In refuge to 1 I New England. But the Puritans cut -off their ears by way of dis­ approval of their religious indi­ vidualism. Then came the great refuge which William Penn se­ cured for them. Prom New Eng­ land and Pennsylvania some of the ancestors of this community, before the Revolution, migrated first to Maryland, and after a generation they moved to the Piedmont of North Carolina. Then early in the last century slavery . began to encroach upon them. Most of that community5,000 of them-organized a con­ certed trek to Ohio and Indiana. This time they were seeking freedom from that great stain on human liberty. Again after a gen­ eration they hitched their covered wagons and settled on these '■®^‘Everywhere along these treksj . there sprang np hemes and farms. But more vital was the meeting house with its deep roots in re­ ligious faith, its tolerance and de­ votion to liberty of the individual. And in these people there was the will to serve their community and their country. Even this village was a station on the underground thru which Negroes were aided to the freedom of Canada. Sons of this community were in the then Red Cross of the Civil war. And de­ spite their peace loving faith, many of their sons were enrolled in the Union army to battle for free men "That imbedded individualism,' that self-reliance, that sense of service, and above all those moral and spiritual foundations were not confined to the Quakers. They were ; but one atom in the mighty tide of these qualities of any larger re­ ligious bodies which make up the Intangible of the word American. “At the time our ancestors were proclaiming that the Creator had endowed all mankind with rights of freedom as the child of God, with a free will, there was being pro­ claimed by Hegel and later by Karl Marx a satanic philosophy of agnosticism and that the rights of man came from the state. The greatness of America today comes . from one philosphy, the despair of Europe from the other. Scoffers Lack Understanding "There are today fuzzy-minded people in our country who would compromise in these fundamental concepts. They scoff at these tested qualities in men. They never have understood and never will I understand what the word America means. They explain that these qualities were good while there was a continent to conquer, and a nation to. build. They say that time has passed.. No doubt the land frontier has passed. But the frontiers of science are barely opening. This new land with all its high promise cannot and will not be conquered except by men inspired from the concepts of free spirit. "It is those moral and spiritual qualities in free men which fulfill the meaning of the word American. And with them will come centuries of further greatness to our coun­ try.” �Powder River Mission Has Interesting History (By H. B .Lott/"J j led for me, these and many other —— accounts of the German Lutheran Volume upon volume has been ^Mission among the Crowj(, Cheywritten on the Fur trade and the ennel|( and Arapahoe^- I am In­ Indian wars of- our great West. debted to him also for the photo­ A few of these have much, most graph used with this sketch. fa of them have little to say insofar The Powder River Xis ' as these subjects occur with re­ 'ission was ference to the Powder River coun- the fourth attempt by the Iowa The Mission Station on Powder River, 1860 ’ ' Synod to establish Indian Missions in the far west. Organized at @) Sebald, Iowa, August 24, 1864, by German Lutherans from Bavaria, it began to think of among the Indians two years lat­ er. Two attempts were made to establish such missions among the Canadian Indians, but both fail­ ed. Pastor Schmidt, however, was not to be discouraged by failure, and in 1858, while in Detroit, he became acquainted with a Mr. Redfield, then Indian agent of the Crow Indians along the Yellow­ stone and Big Horn rivers. Mr. Redfield gave his consent to per­ mit two missionaries to accom­ pany him upon his next trip among the Crow|l(. Moritz Braeuninger and Schmidt were chosen by the ,^nod for this service. They lived with the Crowlrall that sum­ mer of 1858, returning to^p Se­ bald in November. Their report was encouraging and it was decided to found a colony in the land of the Crow^ Ten men were orglnally chosen for this service but owing to a lack of sufficient funds, this num­ ber was reduced to six. Missionfessor George J-^Jliitschel uf-Du-arlos-Braeunlngor, Schmidt and buque, Iowa, at one time curator Doederlein, with Seyler as helper, of the J3hurch -Records of the and two colonists. Beck and Iowa Synod. He has very kindly Bunge, were the ones chosen. Aftranslated from the German text ter travelj^ng all the summer of 1859, they of the Kirchenblatt, and also cop- 12-?, " . arrived ' ? late in the fall try. But little, on the other hand, has been written of the efforts to christianize the Indians, who, in years gone by, made their homes in the valleys of Powder River and its tributaries. Let us deviate, therefore, from the usual practice of writing and rewriting the story of the Indian wars and consider something little touched upon in the annals of Wyoming history. With the possible exception of the teachings of Father P. J. De­ Smet, while on, his journey from the Missouri ^iver in Montana, through the Powder River coun­ try to a treaty council at Fort Laramie in 1851, the first attempt to teach these Indians was made in the summer of 1860. To the writer’s knowledge, the following account of the Powder River In' dTan Mission has never ifore appeered outside of the^hurch publications. It was printed years ago in the “Kirchenblatt,” a church paper published / by the Evangelical Lutheran ,Synod of Iowa, in which the language used was entirely German. For the details of the story here present­ ed, the writer is indebted to Pro­ dt ijcoi Ills, prooamy tne first time that a plow had ever turned the sod of the Powder River valley, and sow­ ed the seed of the fall harvest. They then erected a better house of logs, thO/Mlssion Ration. Next, a well was sunk which produced tolerable drinking water. They then constructed an addition to the JMlssion station to serve the purpose of a kitchen. All this being done. Missionary Braeunliv ger wrote a report to the jfirnod of all that had been accomriiehed. In this report to the fission Jroard, he stated that the crow^ could not be very far distant and we “will see and converse with our dear Crow|(, which will take place shortly, as they are to re­ ceive their annuities at Oil'll Xreek this year and their rovh. (there) leads directly by our stto' tion.” But Braeuninger did lyt know that the Crowj^ to go (*’ Deer 0reok had to travel throng this Powder River battle ground against ,the opposition of the Sioux and Cheyenne/. The result was that because of fear of this the Crowy did not attempt to go to Deer ^freek for their cnnuities this year, Braeuninger, In his report, also asked that two more missionaries be sent out for ser­ vice at Powder jdver as Bunge had deserted the cause and it was with the greatest reluctance that Braeuiunger would take him to Deer ^reek. This report, togethe^ with a ,pencil-- --------sketch of the _Xission and some other scenes, was forv^'rded from Deer ^reek to the yiSodrd In Iowa. The letter arrived during the harvest and was read with great joy. A call went out for more missionaries, Prof. S. Ftitschel approached Flachenecker and Krebs upon going into the Indian country and both readily accept­ ed the call. They were instructed to make preparations for the jour­ ney at once. To an account of this trip, written by Krebs, we are indebted for ipuch information concerning the fission after the return of Braeuninger from Deer -0-eek in July of 1860. ! The three remaining workers at Powder ^iver, Braeuninger, Beck Serving the Best - and Seyler. were ouce, niore to• X gather at the fission Xlation. Ev2 Tying ^ arything seemed to be working ---------------------- out according to their plans. But, R A W I T N —they were in Sioux and Cheyenne territory ip place of that of Loren Denitjjgjj. friends, the Grow/. This wixtiic It cixipLieo into the North Platte (vicinity of the present Glenrock, Wyoming) Here they decided to winter, and in the following spring strike out for jQJjsaroka, the land of the Crowji, Times that winter of 1859 and ’60 were extremely hard for these poor missionaries striving to serve their God in the western wilderness. Funds became ex­ hausted and food was scarce and therefore high in price. They were however, aided by a Captain Raynolds of the United States /Army who was that year in winter quar­ ters. It was decided that Schmidt and Doederlein should return at once to Iowa and in the spring equip a second train and with it return to the Indian country. These two missionaries therefore returned to Iowa late in the fall, much to the dissatisfaction of the JVTission /Board. Schmidt later be­ came ill and Doederlein joined the Missouri/^ynod. But back to Deer Creek where now remained but four of the ori^al company. The /Mission Xoard in Bavaria had sent funds for the continuance of the journey into the land of the CrowJ|, and the establishment there of an In­ ti iaii ^JMfssion. The spring of 1860 found them on their lonely way northward. A hundred miles brought them to the banks of Powder/River. It seemed to them that the opposite shore was the long sought jj^saroka, Delusion of,Death? They were, in reality, on the very battleground where the Sioux and Cheyenne^ waged a continuous war for possession against their longsought friends, the Crow)(. They crossed the river and selected a site Suitable for the mission Station, where the ground was level on the river bottom and where the grass was thick and luxuriant for the tired oxen and the soil adaptable to ag­ riculture. Here they constructed an emer­ gency hut for shelter at night and ii protectton against the weather. They broke the land for the plant- RAWLINS NEWESI^T* to them as time went on, and ------------------- Braeuninger one day remarked AMERICA!^ - - S'could not remain there without additional men in case QUALITY FOODS — Ti flie^lndians should. honnm,-* hostile Slid rttack them. He bec.-.me conf) N T H F fl--------------- must spend the U iM i fl L ti fojio^ving winter at Deer Xreek if the desired help at the station 212 Fifth Street was not forthcoming. “ The Sioux visited them fre­ quently and at first seemed to be quite friendly. But as time went on they became more independJ jspt and one day when the mlsj sionaries did not comply with. ' their wishes, they threatened to ' shoot. Nothing camo of this threat, however, excepting a decid_ _ ed change In the attitude of the Indians, who now became openly insolent and mean. Soon after, a W fl large war-party arrived at the mission and these Indians were 2 q ulte hostile in both manner and �wornout blanket which he wished to trade for a new one. and was refused by Braeuninger. After a heated argument, the Indian matched up a new blanket, tore old blanket on the ground, at the same time asking if this was not ail trade. Braeuninger did not reply, but placed his ^ -mnd over his mouth, meaning, m wteh ? ‘bat he did not the missionaries were numbered and that that far outresistance Braeuninger at last reluctantly told the Indians that they might SrL They then deth , T «P°»- As soon as ______‘Ite band heard at the ,?bbT^ Indians haS ------------ t?th missionaries, he came to the Mission Station and returnd the blanket, saylncr that Ha so.ppns wanted his people to tt decency oward the whites. T 1« party ®br arrived t? ! This on foot. The story best told by Seyler and subsZ “a three times- M.k With the Snake jOd -warT^ evlLn^ Indians. Very - ,3 S' 'S-'x-'.’:' oe not hGFA? six^i^ f *epnea, is ‘here are the r\ bim he returned «“<! ------“c returned and took ' Seyler ^'vith him and both looked .^3,«^rched. until night "! and came on seek shelI’l^fT lays ,, -, '- Bfaeuninger. ®’--uninger, \7r b„e ,Xn-l even find a trace of couldn’t end they had to h <•< u«. “• 01 . tbe Indians ,':°“‘^‘“ced that W ’ 'must have hldd 1 ®aerbts body in a » I that they cou^r“'“®®’’ Powder ii7er “? ‘here were e^bankmenS\ ’I®themseives««! I’ they would T "“h"' ‘’®'end -the\ZeW“- ‘V‘ ^ISlnce this teShto d ^^uninger tha + 'Pto go to “lor relief fn Th f’ attacks. \ Brae-, \ ‘’cclded \ 'ook ' �Luuu, ana bur­ ied the rest, to get later on » Let us now join the two mis­ sionaries, Flachenecker and Krebs are on their way from the ^ssion headquarters In Iowa to Join their brothers in the mission work on Powder jflver. Mission­ ary Krebs. In a letter which be sent back to Iowa, told of this trip westward, and from the let.ter we learn further of the death of Braeunlnger. We find the two “e’tr Scott’s Bluff, 150 miles east of old Fort Laramie. Here Is the account by Krebs. “At Scott’s Bluff a man called us by name and Invited us as „„ his, guests for a ‘free meal.’ ‘Get off and come inside, I’m the station cook,’ he said. ‘i know you do not know; me, but I’m Bunge.’ No wonder we did not recognize him for he had grown a beard during the year. ‘Don’t you remember thal I started out with the mis­ sionaries, but stayed here over the winter at^r jefreck and went tuvassisted j with the building there? I resign­ ed as missionary and am now liere as cook at this (stage) sta­ tion, until I can travel further.' Scott’s Bluffs: the former colonist of the Mission, told us the following things, which I am relaUng to you. now.” I The stage driver coming from | the west had brought the sad I message that at Powder .niver the I Indians had murdered one of the I Missionaries w^ had settled near ’ the Powder ^iver. If this be true It must be one of our men. ’ For he (Bunge) had not heard of any settlement of missionaries on the Powder Hlver besides ours. But he added that 150 miles west there was an Alsatian who spoke as good German as French, and he would be able to give us parti­ culars. There was a great deal of travel through this station to­ ward the West. “You can Imagine how we felt, how our hearts were filled with fear for our Missionaries and how eager we were to travel to the next station 150 (miles) further on; for the news was not confirm­ ed. At the designated station we met this Alsatian, whose name was ‘Henry.’ also a number of Frenchmen playing cards, and a man who had just arrived from Deer ^eek. Henry. In French, asked these gentlemen what they had heard about the murder at Powder Mver. He then inter­ preted in German to us what they told him. about the DeerM-eek station^ The murdered one had been a German and among the three that lived them �Powder fliver. He then inter­ preted in German to us what they told him, about the Deer^/fireek station^ The murdered one had been a German and among the three that lived there. The' chief, he said, was murdered. The two remaining were alive, and had returned a short time ago to Deer jbreek, “This all fitted our people. So the chief of the three was Braeunjnger, but they did not know the ?ame; our missionary was dead. he other two, his helpers, Sey­ ler and the colonist Beck, were still alive and we shall find them at Deer ^£!reek. . . . The stage went on towards Deer Creek, where we arrived about noon. , . . At this station. Major Twiss’, of whom I told above, the mission­ aries found refuge after Braeun­ inger’s murder, when they return­ ed to Deer Creek, where they had winter quarters Jlefore they mov­ ed to Powder ^ver (the previous year). Here at Major Twiss’ we found our quarters in the same house that Seyler and Beck (had) occupied, for it was already Sept­ ember. We went to the fort of the JMfajor, and there found the brethren, Seyler and Beck. IVhat a sad meeting after the death of Br. Braeuninger. They had ex­ pected to be called back, and here instead came two new helpers into the field, who did not know of the death of Braeuninger when sent. The cruel deed had been done only a short time befor^they had started, or before the^|inssion ^ard had heard about it. Braeun'ger had begged so hard for more help.” When the/Mission/Board receiv­ ed the news of Braeuninger’s death, It directed the four mainlng workers to remain at Deer Creek, and tl^ere erect ‘ maintain a new Jtiisslon, all the while being on the alert for the friendly Cro-^, should they appear, but to carry on the work within the first tribe who should be willing to receive them. This was accomplished mainly among the CheyenneJ(. The missionaries travelled from place to place with the different villages of the tribe, learned the language, and taught them the Word of God. Of the several accounts of these trips among the Cheyenn^, one or two are of special value as they relate the travels of the missionaries through the Powder 'itiver coun­ try, at times. In the very neigh­ borhood of the first fission Sta­ tion erected there and burned by the Sioux Immediately after its abandonment by Beck and Seyler, tor the reason that, as the Sioux later stated, “They did not want _a TOttlement of whites on Powder , Enver.” nai A -non nm � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 2-H Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1937 1948 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Mrs. Sarah Knott H. B. Lott J. W. Morrow Description An account of the resource This letterbox contains newspaper clippings which include: an article by Mrs. Sarah Knott and her experience living at the mines of Cheyenne when Frank Irwin was killed, a story by J. W. Morrow titled "Two Men Murdered," an article of President Hoover's birthday speech in August of 1948, and an article about the history of the Powder River Mission by H. B. Lott in 1937. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/0135ef57885f14393036b7604ee94c68.pdf a8cf81991a51bdca1d6e8951336494e2 PDF Text Text ������������ https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/8832e458ed2b8a60b56a8af3d36e76af.pdf a267bd14feb50fc6d4eac4ff895f0c9b PDF Text Text ������������ https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/8407dc65b6755125a8e8adcf333ff8f7.pdf 2c616c41ca89673e80c435bf65f5e43d PDF Text Text ���������� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/ab523d8e49e3c13176f19d8c3b05151f.pdf e51a8c0d5ede12b68532d033801f8d59 PDF Text Text ������� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/ad55ae03fe297df611e2d4cc97b05d67.pdf 93236cf923ea8623971722ac94206ec4 PDF Text Text ������������� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/a91421ea502b8c2b880a5291344f08e8.pdf 87e7f020bdb3e7fd34d9f3807960220a PDF Text Text �������� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/72c12dbc4b184a61c3be8a0489104bae.pdf 2913f4f34f57f09067cffc20fff05132 PDF Text Text ������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Notebooks Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Notebooks are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication of text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Notebook 2 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Description An account of the resource This notebook contains several articles written and edited by Alfred J. Mokler. These pieces include historical events, people, and places of Wyoming. Not all articles are digitized and are available for in-person viewing. Not digitized articles include: a letter to the State Director, "Casper's Postoffice and Postmasters," "Stage Robbery at Cold Springs," "Casper's Old Town Hall and New City Building," "Horse Racing in the Early Days," "Attractive Upper Green River Valley," "Hole-in-the-Wall Romantic Spot of the Wild West," "Home on the Range," "Indians of Wyoming," and "Indian Chiefs Hanged at Fort Laramie," and " Lavoye." "Casper's Old Town Hall" details several events described by Alred J. Mokler as "comedies and tragedies" that occurred in Casper's Old Town Hall around 1933. This includes accounts of community clubs, political and social events, etc. "David Charles Cummings, Buffalo, WY" is an account of David Charles Cummings' life and his experiences while emigrating from Virginia to Wyoming in the late 1860s. "Casper's Assets (1936)" explains the natural resource and business assets of Casper up to 1936 and several economic ventures that led to a prosperous foundation of Casper, WY. "Early Day Education in Wyoming" briefly describes the establishment and development of Wyoming's education system, the community's sentiments and efforts, as well as the laws enacted in regards to education. "Fur Traders of the Great Northwest" is account of how fur traders helped the establishment of Wyoming settlements along with their stories, experiences, and accomplishments. "Indian Chiefs Fight on Crow Heart Butte" depicts the rivalry between the early Shoshone and Crow tribes along with the events that resulted in a fight in 1865/1866 on what is now called Crow Heart Butte and contributed to its name. This also includes a brief history of Chief Washakie of the Shoshone tribe. "Sioux Indians and Sheriffs Battle in 1903" depicts the events of a fight between Sioux tribe members of Eastern Wyoming and Sheriff William Miller in the fall of 1903. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Subject The topic of the resource Casper (Wyo.) -- History Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1865 1903 1922 1936 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Papers, NCA 01.v.1992.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Notebooks are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication of text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/147ef3eff47d8f5031ef2cb877ce24d3.pdf 30c512f1d35a519027aec1062c755e00 PDF Text Text ���� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/54e6cd9bba7e58cfcc7eac5be1292641.pdf c93d722b4340542e106cba81bee79316 PDF Text Text ���������������������� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/51bc1740ce2b644e0abb38ba073d2da4.pdf cc0099697ad0901ea5357336f9af1174 PDF Text Text ��������������� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/79fcc7cbcd85283c895df6404b38db4a.pdf e61e5c8edc1e8a387d7e7bd14f08a92f PDF Text Text ���� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/b9f05d3d9c69d83ba48f4749c45e6700.pdf 012f30be54bedb099ff4f9e52366f677 PDF Text Text ������� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/0e53e59e5f56a576984d6dad94270663.pdf 4f63dfd0f84837ade84f8ce16af46bd2 PDF Text Text �������� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/efcdb5b6ee6a77dfe76f02e030e01a59.pdf 5912ebf83cfcf6347b7caad253f23cf6 PDF Text Text ���� https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/2a126d602a7c6e52860675174a82f3b2.pdf d3109d0ebd88dc728de86d85458cf900 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Notebooks Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Notebooks are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication of text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Notebook 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Description An account of the resource This notebook contains several articles written and edited by Alfred J. Mokler. These pieces include historical events, people, and places of Wyoming. Not all articles are digitized and are available for in-person viewing. Not digitized articles include: "Life Story of Chris Madsen," "Ambushed at Milk Creek," "Two Prospectors Murdered by Their Guide," "Mysterious Medicine Wheen on the Big Horns," ""Good Medicine" for Making Bows," "Fossil Beds Found in Wyoming Are Declared Largest in the World," "Grand-dad of the Human Race Quarried Flint at Spanish Diggings," and "Wyoming Roundup of Odd and Interesting Facts." "Mormon Handcart Brigade of 1856" describes the journey of Mormons traveling from St. Joseph in 1856 and Brigham Young's attempts to help their plight to survive the disastrous climate conditions and unforeseen troubles along the way. "Oil History of Wyoming" includes the history and discovery of oil in Wyoming along with the rise of oil prospecting. Some effects oil has had on Wyoming are also detailed in this article. "Landmarks of the Old Oregon Trail" details the hardships of emigrants who trekked the Old Oregon Trail in the 1840s, giving it a name, landmarks made along the way, and its importance to their livelihoods. ""Spanish Diggings" Indicate the Stone Age in Wyoming" describes the prehistoric stone quarries and their contents located near Lusk, Wyoming along with some theories of their origins. A sub-title in Alfred J. Mokler's drafts reads: "Stone Cross Ninety Feet Long on a Hillside Claimed to Have Been Erected Before the Chrisian Era." "Topography of Wyoming" details the diverse topography of the state of Wyoming including its formation, climate, terrain, resources, and more. "The Birth of Our Commonwealth" is an account of Wyoming legally becoming a state in 1890, the events leading up to its recognition, and the people responsible along with some of their experiences. "Derivation of the Name "Wyoming"" explains the origins of the name "Wyoming" and how it came to be the state's official name. "Wyoming Counties and Their Name Derivations" is a list of Wyoming counties in alphabetical order each with a brief description of the origins of their names. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Subject The topic of the resource Casper (Wyo.) -- History Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1832 1856 1890 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Papers, NCA 01.v.1992.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Notebooks are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication of text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/803c7446a6066a5b40d9e9a52030eafe.png 15645174cfbd9a35f09b87bf285d3f99 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letting passion influence your future plans Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <p><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a></p> </div> </div> </div> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2024-05-01 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aliesia Berryman Language A language of the resource ENG Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Chinook Student Newspaper, CCA 08.i.2023.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context May_PassionInfluence Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PNG Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casper College https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/252d949739f4f48a6a9e6f7d30dc4e81.png 6169f019e21b23ace7b5534020cd50a6 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CC Jazz Band welcomes all musicians to a vibrant community Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <p><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a></p> </div> </div> </div> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2024-11-01 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aliesia Berryman Language A language of the resource ENG Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Chinook Student Newspaper, CCA 08.i.2023.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Nov_JazzBand Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PNG Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casper College https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/87ed17526911883e7f183e45cce19aa3.tif c6f9b51a64d4ad1dbab6b6992f924715 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Print Magazine Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Half Moon Lake Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <p><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a></p> </div> </div> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <p><em>Expression</em><span>&nbsp;</span>claims first North American rights to submissions selected for publication. All rights revert back to the author/artist after publication.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2025 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amberlin Smith Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Expression Literary and Arts Magazine, CCA 04.ii.c.2022.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCA_04.ii.c.2022.01_Exp_2025_Art_40 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIF Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casper College https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/87aa3ff03e344cb050cdd29ec1270ceb.tif 3abeeac5df16d9a8c5e1deddc3d539ac Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Print Magazine Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Humility Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <p><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a></p> </div> </div> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <p><em>Expression</em><span>&nbsp;</span>claims first North American rights to submissions selected for publication. All rights revert back to the author/artist after publication.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2025 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amberlin Smith Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Expression Literary and Arts Magazine, CCA 04.ii.c.2022.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCA_04.ii.c.2022.01_Exp_2025_Art_45 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIF Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casper College https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/5a2b11c24299b14ea3c598fd491555cd.tif 0cc3aba1bb295dad47bc733d8e2cbe56 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Print Magazine Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Meiji Shrine Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <p><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a></p> </div> </div> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <p><em>Expression</em><span>&nbsp;</span>claims first North American rights to submissions selected for publication. All rights revert back to the author/artist after publication.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2025 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amberlin Smith Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Expression Literary and Arts Magazine, CCA 04.ii.c.2022.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCA_04.ii.c.2022.01_Exp_2025_Art_60 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIF Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casper College https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/91343932b2c4241935a4be77e82b5dc3.tif a33dc31936006813b920ed6f3859e347 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Print Magazine Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Migration Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <p><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a></p> </div> </div> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <p><em>Expression</em><span>&nbsp;</span>claims first North American rights to submissions selected for publication. All rights revert back to the author/artist after publication.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2025 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amberlin Smith Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Expression Literary and Arts Magazine, CCA 04.ii.c.2022.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCA_04.ii.c.2022.01_Exp_2025_Art_64 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIF Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casper College https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/49d495615f951e8c9707552ee487fe78.tif 1a13d2ae7072a9f7f4dad65189ec553e Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Print Magazine Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Self Infliction Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <div class="element-text five columns omega"> <p><a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element"> <div class="element-text five columns offset-by-two"> <p><em>Expression</em><span>&nbsp;</span>claims first North American rights to submissions selected for publication. All rights revert back to the author/artist after publication.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2025 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amberlin Smith Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Expression Literary and Arts Magazine, CCA 04.ii.c.2022.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CCA_04.ii.c.2022.01_Exp_2025_Art_87 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIF Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Casper College