1 10 17 https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/eeff82e5ccfe279be1428943635a9ffd.pdf 6b41746f1044689c3ec27e6ce38682b4 PDF Text Text latter fishing in the Big Po Agie. As they started an Indi; gave chase until they reached t Saw Cheyenne as Tent City and Lived at : covei’ of the river. Mr. Fogg- ca j ed my husband and he answere The Mines When Frank Irwin Was Killed ; “What’s up?” Mr. Fogg exclali ed “Jesus Christ, John, don’t y By MRS. SARAH KNOTT ' about half way between Port Col! see the Indians .over yonder?” At Mt. Vernon, Ill., on Jan. 4, linf, and Laporte, Colo. Mr. They got their horses and IV Miner and Tip Trimble started f 1854 there was born to Lorenze Sherman was the name of the man my father had gone in part. the Agency at Ft. Washakie and Josephine Davis a daughter j nership with, and he had been i arouse the people and my husbai which they named Sarah Frances. , there to take care of the place and Charley Fogg as the India While yet a small child, too while my father was away, and of moved away went to the Rlchar small to remember, only in a very j course anxiously awaited our re­ ( house. At this time the India: vague way about playing at our turn. were about a half mile awi home in Mt. Vernon, when at the I driving oft and killing the cattl Grasshoppers Take CiYrp death of my Grandfather Davis, j The house was a log cabin with j Fogg held the saddle horses ai my father bought out the other i kept his eyes on the India: j a.dirt roof. In the spring it heirs and we moved to the farm, I while my husband went inside, : proved to be not so good after a six miles out from Mt. Vernon, i heavy rain, We j was a gruesome sight. Both w had a lovely There we lived until the summer i garden, oats, men were lying on the floor. Mr wheat, barley and of 1863. My father sold the hay. Everything grew wonder­ Richards was dead with a med farm and we moved to Spring fully. One day almost harvest cine pole thrust into her. Mr Garden which was six rniles from time my mother sent me to the Hall was pierced with a poisone the farm. He went to California j garden to gather some peas for No. 134 Oliver Messenger arrow, still alive but unconsciou in the gold excitement. He was i dinner. As I was just ready to I She lived from that morning unt there three years. He came back return to the house the grasshop- ed the miners. Frank Irwin was midnight when she passed awa: as far as Pt. Collins, Colorado. pers came in a cloud. I had to the stationary engineer. The next :j He removed the medicine ba There he leased a farm, then Richard’s body bi face them and I did not know how spring the mines were closed. We J. i ---- wrote to mother for us to meet j when he made the second attemi I could ever do it. I was so were going to move back to him at St. Joe, Missouri. He I to take the arrow from Mrs. Ha frightened. They were so thick drove across the plains with a and heavy the sun was darkened. lantic. A man by the name it came out without the arro James Kime was to move our mule team to Omaha, Nebraska. They came in such a roar, so in­ point. things, to We were just ready After writing mother he was tak- tense and heavy. My father was Mr. and Mrs. James I. Patte start when one of the men came en sick, and did not meet us as at Pt. Collins about two and one and others came from the fort i in and said “ You had better not we expected. When we got to St. soon as they could reach bandf half miles away. By night there Joe and did not find my father was not a spear of anything left. go. The Indians are just upon and removed the bodies to the Aj there, mother wrote a letter to Hay, grain, garden, everything, ev­ the hill there.” We did not start ency. then. him and left it at the office there en the onions down into the After the two men saw that th Frank Irwin had gone to his In St. J,oe. Mothei- had a cousin j ground were eaten. women were given care they star parents home before, but he had on a farm out from St. Joe. We ' not taken all of his things and ed for Ft. Stambaugh to notify tl Earl.v Cheyenne Tent Town Went out there, expecting father soldiers. As they gained the hl My father just loaded up and wanted us to bring them on our across the river, across froi to make inquiry about us. He did load. He was on his way over to not. He went back to Illinois to left for Cheyenne where the Union where the depot now is, they lool his sisters and asked where my ! Pacific had laid out a town, Not see us about it, when he met five ed back. The Indians were nt Indians, who met him as friends , , , , His sister said i a building, all tents, except one said “How” and shook hands. : . mother was. and counting them pla, shook “Why they are in St. Joe. We I place where boards were set on ed the number at 75. It was e’ have had letters from them”, end and battened between, which One got behind him and knocked ident that they had no intentior him down with his tomahawk. Father had supper with his sister was used for a saloon.' My fath­ of doing anything to the men bi and family, then started back that er leased one large tent and put stripped him of his clothing, made were wrecking their revenge up,o -pjjg i him run, and as he ran they shot night. He had had to hire a up a small one in back. arrows into him. These arrows the women. Had I remained i horse to go to Spring Garden large one was used for a dining the valley T might also have bee room and kitchen for a hotel. The 'were poisoned. Three of them a victim, for those two wome where his sister lived and where struck and stuck. He ran to the he expected to find us, not having small one was our living and bed and I were the only women res: had any other word. He met on room. We did a thriving busi- outside of Atlantic, a bachelor saw dents at that time and the nin (jp i him and went to his assistance. his way my mother’s father and Hess there. I never before men made up the entire populs mother and had a little visit with since have seen SiO much money as helped him to his cabin, then ' tion of the valley. went for his father Dr. James Ir ­ we made there. W stayed just them. It was a hard ride to Ft. Stam My mother in the meantime was one year. After we had been win. Dr. Irwin was not at home. baugh and the soldiers immediate He was in South Pass and, of very much worried about my fath­ there for a time, the first building i ly mounted to take up the pursui er not meeting us as planned. put up was leased by my father. course not any telephones at that i of the Indians. With 35 mile time, a messenger was sent for Having heard about the Indians It was a good sized building two i him. They got Dr. Harris, anoth- start and several hours to mak making so many raids on the im­ stories high. In the meantime the ' er doctor of Atlantic. He remov­ their getaway before the soldier migrants. Mother had a dream. Union Pacific was building and ed the arrows. Frank lived until (could be notified, the Indian When she got up the morning af­ would soon be there. : made good their escape. A few days before it reached midnight and was able to tell the ter the dream, she said to my My husband remained at th particulars. The Indians played cousin and family, “Lorenze will Cheyenne one of the boarders and i mine until my baby was born o friends with and killed seven men be here today”, and he was. She I bet on the time of day it would that day. We moved that after­ I July 26, three days after the niui had dreamed that he had missed reach Cheyenne. I was not a bet­ noon, Mr. Knott feeling it would der of these two women. I hav us and had gone back to our ting person, having never bet be­ be just as safe as it would be la­ had three children since, Alva wh home just as he did, but would be fore, but the day they reached is in Lander with me, Mrs. Alic ter. there that day. One thing of in­ Cheyenne, the young man I had Breitenstein of Paroo and Winni The next spring on April the terest while at St. Joe was that bet with came in with material for 22nd 1870 my oldest aon was of Cody. while at play one day we children a new dress. (The bet had been ; Since coming to Wyoming born. were out in a heavy timber a i a new hat against a new dress.) ■ have lived here continuously i: Early Lander Settlers bunch of wild turkeys flew down 5 The young man was a clerk in a Lander and have gone to Denve In the Spring of 1872 we moved : but once, to Burlington, lowe and lighted In trees above us. We j dry goods store, I was very much shooed and shooed, and the little I surprised as I had not thought to the Lander valley, then known I on a visit to my daughter, to Ba rinp' tbnf wat! with lie harkpd and sPr.ioUSlv Of the bet. as Big Popo Agie valley. On Ju- Mrs. Sarah Davis Knott Crossed Plains �;o be scared away. The men were miles west of Cheyenne to Hazard interest in the Lovell ranch is it ' Cody. My husband passed on January iway that day I guess the turkeys Station, where my folks ran a was then known. My husband road house. We did a good bus­ hired two men who had brought i,24, 1923 and my birthday is Jan{new that. iness there. Father had leased vegetables from Utah, to bring us i uary 4 and my age is 79 years in Stfiit Aciuss the Plains The day following my father’s this place from two young men, down. My husband and one of 1933. the men rode ahead on horse back SuiXuid quads sum aujuaAa eqj, arrival we took the steam boat Mr. Knott and Mr. Norton. as body guards. We came to ’or Omaha, Nebraska. I enjoyed Romantic Wedding •ejorapjOM Ptna pun ajouipjoi^ ;his part of the trip very much. I The next year my father began Little Popo Agle where we stop­ Quuajsi JO jouoq ui jqSiu .tupu j Xj iat ,at the window with the engin­ to be suspicious of these two I ped for lunch and fed the team. -and n aanS Xr.unjv jamja 's-iiv eer a great deal of the time, young men, my sister and myself. I The mosquitoes were very bad. —ailOKIFHOM SaSSlK SHO watching the scenery and talking He was making plans to move. One ! My little son and I suffered a -KOH AvaauM anKTM salt o the engineer. I was very much day after he had gone, Mr. Norton great deal from them. It was my * * * nterested in him and his machin­ went into Cheyenne to make ar- i first experience with them for I •Xapsoni had never seen any of them be ­ ery, as well as the scenery. Fath­ rangements for the justice of the ■' qxeu eq him Supeaiu jxeu aqj, We were very heavily -jsoj qjinaq eqj ui sjuiod oatj aqi er had left his team with a peace to meet us a half mile from : fore. earmer at Omaha, where he went the house at five o'clock. We did ! loaded and it took all afternoon passed junp ssjia -sjou^ SuiXq when we arrived at Omaha. We not have to have a marriage li- I to reach this valley. It all seem­ ui pun ssudraoa eqj jo esn aqj ui rad to wait there for a company of cense at that time, just a witness. ed so wonderful to me. When we uaAiS ojaAV suoijonjjsnj 'uosiun ui ?ilgrims to be made up. This A man by the name of Frank Fisk left Atlantic it was cold and snow­ asTuiojd jnoos ptS aqj pajuadat ip was required by the governor on was out visiting up from Cheyenne ing and to arrive here in a beau­ uaqjj ’AABj jnoas ■e aAuS piS qant recount of the raiding of the hos- and we took him as the witness. tiful green valley. There was naa Roj J03; ‘ssauRi jo juno: ;ile Indians. We were three weeks We had planned to go for a walk, some nice gardens. I though I j -au uo juasqu sum uosaqoR unaj 3rosslng the plains arriving in Ft. had talked it over with mother at ' had reached “Paradise”. When • ■Buuv puasajd ajeAt spjS uaj Jollins on the sixth day of De­ the noon hour, and coaxed her to we arrived here there was one wo­ •uanv T 'a ’S-iIM JO auioq aip jr cember in a snow storm. I enjoy- let us wear our new dresses. (We man here, Mrs. Richards living in looqas JajjB! Xnpsanj, jam sjnoac 5d the trip all the way across the each had new dresses we had nev- i a house where the Baldwin store jjjO aqj JO z ’ON uoisiAia tlains. I did not realize the dan­ er worn.) She thought it very now stands, and nine men includ­ •ssajsoq sn uapv T ‘i; foolish, but we told her that Mr. ing my husband. Mart Hornecker i ■SJI5 qjiAi XupnoM Jxau jaara ijjjv ger we were in. All the way across there were Fisk had never seen them. She and brother Ernest on the ranch i sjnoas aqj, •saSp’eq jjjara ujnjqo o: tilgrim houses, a day’s drive apart was convinced, and we wore the that Mart still owns. Charley ifjOM Jiaqj uuid spjS eqj padiai with supply stores in case the im- new dresses. We met at the ap- | Fog and Tip Trimble about one uaiiv T "a ’sjpi qjOM ssBia jsji nigrants would run short. Black­ pointed place at the appointed I mile southwest, now known as the aqj Jo^ ‘ajp jo asua uj jnoai smith shops took care of any time. We were married there i Dora Robertson place. Peter An­ ■B JO joiABqaq puB uoiJuaAaut derson was just below where the oreaks or losses. We had with standing on the railroad track. I ajij u{ osjB ‘3bij uBOuarav eq' Js a big New Foundland dog chat My sister, Cynthia to John Norton i round house is now. Jake Fry JO ajjanbpa puB XJOjsiq ui spp we children enjoyed very much. and I to John Knott. My sister j lived on what is now known as the aqj pejanjjsui uojXbjo 'Sjj^ qjoA 3ne day we met a band of four­ was 16 years old and I was 14 Experimental farm. Henry Lov­ jnoas ssBja puoaas qjjAi auR u teen Indians. They had their years old. This was on the 15th ell had the place just this side of •asiraojd jnoas ptS aqj uosjun u women with them and father said day of Feb. 1868. The justice of Squaw creek known as the Agri- oabS juasaJd spiS uaajuaAas eq,; IS long as they had their women the peace was Mr. Brown later cultuial site. This place was al­ •AABj jnoas jJiS B oabS piS qoB'i with them we need not be afraid, Judge Brown who has presided so owned later by my sister, Alice ‘RBa ROJ Oj asuodsaj uj 'Xai This is -uBjj auRojBD Xq pajuBdracaaB ,,in there would be no danger. But here in Court many times and Wroe and husband. we were very much frighcened and who^ many of you have met no where my husband had bought the -ijnBaa aqj Bapamv,, JO SuiSuj had him draw the wagon sheet doubt. My father had a contract half Interest. eqj Xq pauado SupaaM 'ssajso The next spring my sister Alice SB aByapj auiqdasof ’sjpi qjp close so we could not see out, or to board the men for the rail road they see inside. When we came graders, and of course as they came down bo visit us. On her jooqas jajjB SuxueAa XBpuopi jei return I went with her to visit ’ sjnoog pip JO J •OK uoisiAiQ to the crossing .of the South builded they moved. with my parents. The weather I I’latte river, we had left the rest Came to Atlantic City —DNiJLaaw axi. became very bad while I was i of the train. They were going to AOfNa SAfioos aim Mr. Knott and Mr. Norton dis­ there, and continued bad. My i Denver, we were going to Ft. Col­ solved partnership. We moved mother Insisted on my staying as lins. The Platte was very treach. -jf uospnH 2lhBJ, first to Elk Mt. and the next I was expecting another baby. erouK on account of the quick pUB JBSJJ, "Sjpi pUB XOO -SJ] spring, 1869 we moved to Atlan­ Indians Kill Two Women sand. My father had had this on Xq paiUBdraoaoB ajeAi. suojAiaK OR tic City, We made this move his mind all along but had said Mrs. Richard’s niece, Mrs. Hall, •UOpBiaOSSB IBpOJipa JBUOpBK at with an ox team. My parents had nothing to mother about it. We moved there before. Atlantic City \ had come to vl^it her the summer Supuasajdau ‘Bjoseuuipi ‘ifaraa stayed at a ranch that night, on was a thriving mining town of i before. Three days before the JO iieqajiw: ’Z ’H Po'® nosuqc the bank of the Platte. Father 10,000 inhabitants at this time. birth of my daughter, to be exact •Aop Xq apura ajoAt sassaupp iliat night raised the wagon bo.x My father was employing a num­ on the 23rd day of July 1873, qaiqM jb 'op jaAtoa puB jqSi higher by putting blocks of wood ber of men in a placer mine. My these two women were both killed opBJOjop aqj Xq janbuBq b ’ on the axels. This was to keep pajBuimino uopusAuoa aqi ’am husband went to work for him. by the Indians. the water out of the wagon box. The Indians lay down along side jbXoj b UAtoqs puB sajjBaqj ubi One day I went to the mine with My father did not give those mules him. They had dug prospect of their horses as they rode until -jjnH Xjjbh 9ip puB sjaunip pt any time to rest crossing. He suoaqounj jb sjsanS aaaAi ajdot holes ahead to find which way the they were within a half mile of ’ used the black snake whip pretty jadBdsAiau aqj, •sjuamiuBdmi pay streak ran. They struck the the little log cabin which stood -OB snojauaS qjiAt jauuip Xaqrnj freely and after we were across on the present site of the Baldwin pay streak in one corner of the father threw up his hands and paXofua puB satQBj aqj jb pajBi hole they were on this day I i store. As they raised up they yelled at the top of his voice, I went out. One of them put a gave their blood curdling war ’ ajaAi oOi uBqj ajopi 'lajoq u "whoope!” We did not under­ -Rodomsop aqj jb qnjo ajoH Jou bench down in the hole so I whoop and rode straight for the ’ aqj JO jabuBq aqj jb “op Jaqmn stand him, he was always so quiet house. They were out to avenge ! could climb down in and out and not given to make demonstra­ Piau-aiqoK am JO PiajH ’H f sJ again. They gave me a gold pan the killing of some Indian women. tions of this kind. He finally ex­ Tip Trimble and Charley Fogg ’ puB 'jRi JO sjsanS araAi Xaqj Sup and told me I could have all I !1 -Aa XBpsjnqx -aoiAjas SuispjaA! plained to us the danger we had could wash out. I suppose I were setting fence posts on the been in or rather the treacherous­ washed out more gold than I Fogg place and were in plain sight ’ ■ puB uoijBjado jadBds.wau ui s] ness of the river. -qjaui JsajBt aqj jo lUBjSojd B I saved, but I saved $4.80. I i of all that happened. It would j SutuajsR XBpjnjBg puB XBpwj .r This day was a hard one on the have meant certain death to them 1 could pick the gold out with my i -uaa JB Suijaara uoijbwossb ssa. team, short of feed and snowing, had they gone to the rescue of the fingers. I had never seen a gold i but my father knew where he was women as there were 75 Indians. ' opBJOjop aqj papuajjB uoja{i pan before. going and felt he could make it They mounted their horses and > jsaiLia puB uojAiaK •'i 'q JOjipa: to the ranch he had leased; which Frank Irwin Killed by Indians i rode toward where they knew my In the fall of 1869 we moved] husband and Mr. Miner were, the we did after dark. This ranch vas on the Cache la Poudre river. to Miners Delight where I board­ former piclting berries and the �‘i>-i‘«i’*4'******M>****+**M>«4'*4'****4^***^^>***^* ’5^+*** ❖ « Extreme Measures Were Used to Rid * Rangeland of Rustlers bv the Cattle Outfits ** * Dab Burch and Jack Bedford Had No Chance * ** For Their Lives in Tragedy of the Nowood + * (By J. W. Morrow of Claresholm, Alberta) In order that the readers of this) invaders took refuge in the wil­ story may know how I came to) lows and sagebrush and gulches, and a regular siege began. Mr. know the details of this affair, ij F’oot offered one thousand dollars will state that I lived with my I for any one who could produce a stepfather, J. R. McKinnie, and) cannon. The seige did not last family, on the Greybull river, two ! long, as the invaders seeing the miles below the old townsite of; helplessness of their position sur­ Otto, at a place called in those rendered, were taken to Cheyenne ' days. The Bridser crossing of; and tried lor murder but were not Whoozit No. 136 Greybull being the place where convicted. Jim Bridger crossed the river As his plan did not work out as when he piloted a large immigrant; expected, a new plan was put in be cut out and left behind, bu train through the country in the force, which was to send detec­ Bedford and Burch were stroni early days. Mr. Bedford spent tives out among the ranchers, in their desire to take the horse considerable time at our house, i whose business was to spy on sus­ along, and then advertize them a and as Mr. McKinme was a wit-; picious ranchers, and if anything strays, the advertizing to be don* ness in the famous trial, which was found wrong to shoot them in “The Rustler,” a paper print will be mentioned l iter in this ' down from ambush. Northern ed at Bonanza, and edited by Tor story, I had a change to know all) Wyoming was full of these cattle Daggett. A lot of argument too: the details connected with the af- detectives when the year of 1892 place in regard to the matter an; fair. came around. I will now go di­ it was finally agreed to let ther Before going in to this story, I) rectly into the story of Jack Bed­ take the horses along, providing they would assume all responsibil will write brieflj a picture of the ford and Dab Burch. conditions of thiugs as they were; Jack Bedford was a man of Ity in connection with drivin at this time, in order to show how about 2 6 years of age, light com­ them off the range. it was possible for circumstances plection and had rather an attrac­ After the finish of the roundu to happen that would lead up to ! tive personal appearance. t He Bedford asked permission the killing of these two men in the ; was born near Dallas, Texas, and place the stray horses in our pas manner in which it happened. came up the trail into Wyoming ture, which was granted, and the; At this time the most of the with a bunch of Texas cattle in remained there until Septembe , state of Wyoming was used as a the year of 1890. He went to 2 9. On the evening of this day large grazing area, where vast work for the ML of Lovell Cattle; John Seaman a rancher from th herds of cattle ran at large, and Cd., which had their headquar-1 Nowood, and who lived at Bon were owned by large cattle com­ ters on the Shoshone river at or) anza, arrived at our house, in panies, who had their cattle ranch­ near the present town of Lovell.! formed Mr. McKinnie that th es located on the rivers, which at While on the roundup in the I horses he had in the pasture, wer this time were mostly open, and spring of 1891 he met a young I his property, and that he ha gave the stock plenty of chance for man by the name of Ira Walker,; warrants for the arrest of Jac water; and especially was this true who had his headquarters on Shell Bedford and Dab Burch for steal of the Big Horn Basin, as there creek, and was running a small Ing them; also that he, Mr. M( were only about six settlers on the bunch of cattle which he was ad­ Kinnie, and some of the other Big Horn river between the can­ ding to in the usual way at that who were on the roundup woul yon on the north side of the basin. time. He persuaded Mr. Bedford have; to appear as witnesses. Th The Shoshone river (Stinking to quit his job and join him as a) trial was to take place on Septen •Water river) was almost complete­ partner, which he did, and the; ber 30, at Walter Peay’s farm o ly open. The Greybull was more two started up ranching on Shell the Big Horn river, in Johnso thickly settled, although the big creek. i Co., Mr. Peay being justice c flat known as the Burlington In the summer of 1891 a big; peace. Flat, was not settled and was Fourth of July celebration was The threshing outfit had jus roamed over by bands of antelope, held at Otto and people came pulled into our field, with the ir cattle and wild horses. The first from all over the Basin to attend tention .of threshing for up th settlemen was made on this flat this affair. Jack Bedford was next day, and my step-father re the following year, 1893, by the j among the visitors from Shell. It fused to appear as a witness o Mormon people. ! was at this affair that he got ac- that day. Mr. Seaman strongl On account of the rough nature) quainted with the young people protested, but finally gave in, an of the country, it was not possible j of otto and vicinity. From this it was agreed that the trial woul for the large cattle companies in i ti„ie on he spent most of his time take place on October 1. their big roundups to find all of j in this neighborhood and in the Saturday, Oct, 1st, 1892, oper the cattle on the range each I spring of 1892 met Dab Burch, ed up as a beautiful day, as onl pring, and went unbranded until; and the • two formed a warm the Big Horn Basin can product ley were weaned from their friendship. The threshers were just finishin David A. Burch, commonly our job. I well remember seein others. and then became what s called mavericks. It was the known as “Dab”, was about 30 Jack Bedford standing on th ‘'ey of the cattle companies to j years old, tall and slender, and horse power, talking to the drii -Xivi t! , ---- J-de these mavericks among, was born in the state of Miss,ouri. �weie a lew the year of 1888, and settled on small ranchers and a good many Owl creek, where he ran a bunch It had been arranged that al ^cowboys who took up claims of of horses until the spring of 1892, parties concerned with the tria their own, bought a few head of when he moved to Otto. would meet at our house, havt stock, and started branding all the He became well known over the early dinner, and then proceed to­ mavericks they could find in or­ Basin in the year of 188 9, for gether to the Walter Peay ranch der to add to their herds. This having fought a fierce six-shooter on the Big Horn, which was situ­ finally became known as rustling duel with Pistol Billy, a cowboy ated about a quarter of a mile and it would not have been so bad working for the Pitchfork Cattle south and east from the present if this class of ranchers had con­ Co. This duel took place on the J site ot Manderson. fined themselves to branding only farm of Angus AjcDonald, twenty-! The party, consisting of Jacii mavericks, but a good many lof the five miles south ot Meeteetse, on ! Bedford and Dab Burch, as detenso-called rustlers branched out Gooseberry creek. The young j dants, John A.. Thorne, Johnnie and branded calves that were fol­ men put their backs together Kerkins, 'J—J. ’ K. McKinnie, Joe lowing mothers, and sometimes walked ten paces, turned and! Brown and MoiTroe Johnson as killed the mothers, and committed filled one another full ot lead at j witnesses, arrived at the scene of other deeds of a similar nature. a distance of twenty paces. Both the trial, about 2 o'clock and were The business of rustling became men recovered, having been put surprised to find Joe Kogers, Mr. so bad in Wyoming that the large into a democrat wagon and taken Heavier and Mr. Klckets, all three stock owners became furious. It to Owl creek, where they were cattle detectives, standing around seemed impossible to stop this met by Dr. Scheuelkie- from Lan- j In the yard at Mr. Peay s farm. kind of work by the law of the der. The trial was immediately pro­ land, so in the spring of 1891a During "the summer of 1892 ceeded with, and alter all the wit­ large posse of men, consisting ot Bedford and Burch rode the range ! nesses had testified, John Sea­ drifters, gunmen and gamblers, in and around the Greybull coun-! man asked Mr. Peay to dismiss the were hired and armed and given try, and were constantly watched case, as he was satisfied that the instructions to kill every cattle by three cattle detectives, whose horses had not been stolen, and justiei who happened to have his i names were as follows: Joe Rog- that he uid not wish to prosecute name on the blacklist. This ers, a red faced, unattractive look­ any further. Accordingly the bunch ot men were organized at or ing man, who had known Jack two defendants were turneu loose, near Cheyenne, and were put un­ Bedford when he worked for the and prearations were niade to re­ der a leader and the posse started Lovell Cattle Co., and whom Mr. turn to Otto, when a quarrel denorth toward Buffalo. The first Bedford thought was a good veioped between Beulord and victims to come in contact with friends of his; a Mr. Peavier, who Peavier. 'the latter had testified this bunch were Nate Champion came from nowhere as far as that he had seen Bedford and and Nick Ray, who lived at the anyone knew, and was a kind of Burch drive the horses off the KC (Kaycee) ranch on Powder a mystery man; and Mr. Rickets, range on the Nowood. Bedford river. These two men bached in a man who worked for the Pitch­ took hold of Peavier s ■Whiskers h small log cabin, and as they fork Cattle Co., at one time. (I and pulled him around the yard. were on the blacklist, the posse am not sure of the name of this and threatened to horsewhip him surrounded the cabin during the last man, but I will call him Rick­ with a quin which he held in his night and waited for daylight. ets in this story.) hand, however, the men were Early in the morning Nick Ray These three men were often parted, auu alter a lot of quarrel­ opened the door with the inten­ seen lurking around through the ing and ai gument, tne party, tion of going to the creek for wa­ country all summer, and were leaving the tiiree detectives stand­ ter, when he was shot down in the thought by most everyone to be ing in the yard, started lor home. doorway. Nate Champion pulled spotters, but Air. Bedford would When luey .arrived at the cross­ his friend’s body into the cabin always say Rogers was his friend, ing Of the Big Morn, tuey were and barricaded the door, and then On the 1st of September of this burpnseu to see Air. Peavier and started as game a battle as was year, the small stockmen lof the Mr. rticKeis nding flown lo . cue ever put up by one man against a district around Otto decided to iioad towaiu them, Mr. Kogers' mob. Mr, Champion kept a diary put on a roundup for the purpose following oeniiid. W lien the irio of the affair which was after­ of gathering in their stock which got to within fifty yarns ot them wards found on his body. He ranged in the badlands to the they dismouuteu, drew their Vvinsaid that the mob kept up a steady south of the river. Accordingly, cnesters and taKiUg aim across fire, sending bullets through the an organization was formed, con­ their saddles called on the party door and window, and that he re­ sisting of John A. Thorne, John­ to surienuer, as they had a war­ turned the fire until nearly noon, nie Perkins, J. R. McKinnie, Joe rant tor iiieir arrest. Bedford when his ammunition gave out. Brown, L. Guynup, Albert Guy- ana Burch puiled their guns ana The mob then loaded a wagon nup, J. V. Gould iand Monroe tooK protection bemud tueir sauwith dry willows, and backed it Johnston. Bedford and Burch ale horses, 'me rest ot tne parry up against the cabin and set fire asked permission to> join this drew guns anu got betiiud trees. to it. As soon as the cabin was roundup and it was granted them. and 11 ioOKed lire a Oartle wouiu well afire he opened the door and The route laid out was to leave De fought, wnen Joe frogers can­ made a run for his life, but was the Greybull at the McKinnie ed on everyone to put up their Immediately shot down. ranch and cross the badlands to guns, that tnere was no use in , The news of this killing soon the Big Horn river, follow up this iiaviiig trouoie, as ne just nad a reached Buffalo and Sheridan, stream to Fifteen Mile creek, and warrant tor jack Beuiord and and the citizens of these two towns follow that creek to Buffalo Ba­ Hao Buren for causing a distur­ became alarmed at the invasion sin, traveling east of Tatman bance on the court grounds. Jack ot the country by a gang of killers, mountain and home. Bedford said that he knew Joe and a large army of nearly one On the first night out on the Kogers was a friend of his, and thousand men was quickly gath­ Big Horn river, an incident hap­ told Dab to put up his gun, as ered together at Buffalo, and put pened which ultimately led to the "Old Joe” would see them througn under the command of Mr. Fioote killing of Jack Bedford and all right. of Buffalo. This army of men Dab Burch. On the morning fol-. They both finally haiided their marched south from Buffalo and towing the first night out, three ' Suns pver to Joe Kogers, and surrounded the invaders' at a stray saddle horses came into the »iaried back up to Pea 8 to oe point some where between the roundup. Air. Thorne, who was (tried for assault.. Mr. McKinnie i Kaycee ranch and Buffalo. The foreman, insisted that the horsesI' anr Mr ThnrnB ci anc Air. Thome started back with i �tnem, out Joe byuxvc and said that it would not be J necessary for them bo go back, as he would see that the boys were well protected, and Jack Bedford spoke up and said: “Yes, Jim, you and Thorne go on home, ‘Old Joe’ is a good friend of mine and we will not need you.’’ Accordingly, ■ McKinnie and Thorne turned and , went toward home, and Jack Bed­ ford and Dab Burch accompanied by Joe Rogers, and Peavler and ‘ Rickets, proceeded to the Peay '' ranch, where they were given a hearing before Peay, who ordered , them to be taken to Buffalo for ‘ trial, and appointed Joe Rogers to take them there. After the trial, Rogers necked , Bedford’s and Burch’s horses to- , gether with a small rope, and , started to tie the men’t feet to-' gether under their horses. Burch objected to this, but again Bed­ ford spoke up and said that Rog­ ers was his friend, and it would 5 be all right, so both men were tied on their horses. Rogers asked permission from Mr. Sea-i man to stop at his place at Bon­ anza for the night, and this was i granted. i The four men then started for Bonanza. After their departuie, Mr. Peavler and Mr. Rickets, mounted their horses, rode north and crossed the No wood, circled around by the Jordon flour mill and recrossed the No wood, just ! east of the O. C. Morgan farm. I They then took the Morgan road for Bonanza, which followed up the bottom of a deep gulch, and joined with the Peay road right in; the bottom of a deep gulch. Herei they waited lor the other party tos arrive. When the party of four arrived: within about twenty yards of the! forks in the road, Peavler andl Rickets rode out of the gulch and confronted them. They told Mr.i Seaman that they had decided toi take the boys back bo Peay’s and: withdraw charge and turn them^ loose, and that he, Mr. Seaman,) could go home, which he immed-' lately did. Alter the departure of Mr. Sea-i man, the two men, Mr. Bedfordl and Dab Burch, and their twof horses were shot down by thts three detectives, Robers, Peavle)and Rickets. The two men, witltheir legs tied under the horses and the horses necked together could offer no resistance. In vis­ iting the spot after the shooting everything indicated that Rogers had shot Bedford through the) head with a Colts 45, as he wa& the only one of the three carry-. Ing that kind of a gun, and Burclk at once took his knife from hisi pocket and cut the rope holdingf the horses together and made an. effort to escape, but Peavler and Rickets with their Winchesters caused his horse to run a circle and horse. The next morning, Mr. Town­ send, a threshing machine man, who had been threshing on the upper Nowood country, was on his way to spend Sunday at his ranch on the Big Horn, and came upon the bodies of the dead men. He hastened to Mr. Peay’s place and notified him of the tragedy. Mr. Peay ordered him to make rough boxes and bury the two men — at once. Mr. Townsend buried the men on the bluffs opposite his farm, and they remained burled there until the following March, when a I party consisting of John A. I Thorne, Johnny Perkins and J. R. I McKinnie went to the place of I burial and took up the bodies and I brought them to Otto, where fun■ eral services were held, the serI vices being under the direction of I the Rev. I.. C. Thompson. The I remains were then buried in the Otto cemetery. The three murderers made good their escape, and were never heard of after, with exception of Joe Rogers, who camped one night in Pryor’s Gap with an old friend ol him, while on his way out of the country, and to whom he confess­ ed the deed, and boasted of having killed Jack Bedford. His story of the affair was al most precisely as narrated here This man’s name was John Sneid er, and he did not tell of meetinf i Rogers for about five years aftei the affair took place. The writer met this Mr. Sneide: in the spring ol 1897, while camp ing one night on the Crow India] reservation, on Lodge Grass creek and he asked me many question I concerning this affair, after whicl he bold me what Joe Rogers haI told him. �< page 4 ' wed., Aug. 11. 1948 JP 'HOOVER BLASTS iWEAOFMANAS * ! SLAVE OF STATEj a i T 0 0! B' S' a, s; P I V u” West Branch, la,, Aug. 10 (Spe- | s; It « clal)-The text of former President iContrasts America withl ■ Foreign Countries. Hoover’s birthday speech here p; today follows: x» C "I am glad to have your inyltaJO I tion to come again to this Iowa W 1 1 village where I was bom. Here i Pl 1 ’ spent the first 10 years of my toyt hood. My parents and grandparents ' 'i came to this vlUagp in the covered ; ! wagon-pioneers in this commum^. 1 They lie buried over the hill. They i broke the prairie into homes of independent living. 'Ihey wor’ shipped God; they did the^ duty •to their nel^bors. They toiled to •bring to their children greater > comfort, better education and to 'open to them wider opportunity i than had been theirs, < ‘T am proud to have been bom • in Iowa, As I have said befom. ' thru the eyes of a 10 year old boy ‘ i it was a place of adventure and 'daily discoveries. The wonder of the growing crops, the excitements of the harvest, the journeys to the (woods for nuts and hunting, the (joys of snowy winters, the comrfort of the family fireside, of good (food and tender care. Md out of Ithe excessive energy of all small I boys, the evenings were filled with accounts of defeat and vic- , IfOTy over animate and inanimate j 'things—so far as they were per- | ‘mitted in a Quaker community. • W(Wk On Farm Told » ••Indelible in those recollec­ tions was a widowed mother, sit­ ting with her needle, cheerMly supporting three children and at the same time ministering to her ■nei^bors. After that came life with Uncle Allan on his farm near this village, with the joys and sorrows which come to every small ■ boy en route to life’s disciplines 1 by way of farm chores. And Mong them was the unending making of provisions for the next winter. But 'in -those primitive days, social ' security was had from the cellar, 'not from the federal government. "You may be surpnsed if I tell : you that at an age somewhat under ■ 10 I began here my first national i - service. By my own efforts I f^ i nished firecrackers required ‘ the adequate celebration of the > Independence of the United States ] on July 4.1882. To get those fir^ ; J crackers, I entered into collective 1 bargaining by which it was settled rthat I should receive one cent per I hundred for picking potato bugs i^n ' a field in sight of this stMd. W ^impression then, and now.is, that it was an oppressive wage rate. • �^so, I took part in the politi-i seal Issues of the day by walking ® beside Garfield torchlight proScession in the Presidential camFbalgn of 1884. And by the village flags at half mast, I learned of •Bthe assassination of Garfield jswith some dim understanding that jc somewhere in the nation great men <n guarded its future, }| “One of tijg infjeiibjg impres*'sions of memory was the original J Quaker meeting house. Those rec"ollections chiefly revolve around the stiff repression of the explo­ sive energies of a small boy sit­ ting during the long silences. One JI time, however, the silence was H broken by the shrill voice of Aunt u*Hannah who was movedin meeting bitterly to denounce the modem-' Istic tendencies of those times. She had firm views on any form of recreation, which included singing in Sunday school. She closed with l i a peroration to the effect that if these tendencies persisted that s. edifice dedicated to God would >g some day become in fact that s—place of abomination—a "theatre.’* And truly, the old meeting !• . house in its decadent years, hav- le I ing made way for a better edifice, -td | became a movie house. My view te ; is that the abomination part de- id ■ to’ pends on the choice of the film. is Recalls School Teacher “And among these recollections ed was that of a great lady who first ;etaught me in school and remained ;h, my friend during her whole long and ed ee useful life, Mrs. Mollie Carran. “It was from her that I first heard something about the word ’ American. Many great writers and statesmen have attempted to express what we mean by that word, not But there is an Imponderable feel■ ing within it which reaches to the i soulofourpeople and defies measure. the I “America means far more than a continent bounded by two oceans. ireg It is more than pride of military iad| power, glory in war, or in victory. .'oM It means more than vast expanse of itha farms, of great factories or mines, iro-ffl magnificent cities, or millions of arlB •automobiles and radios. Jt is more obJ even than the traditions of the great ; o^ tide westward from Europe wliicli rh®S pioneered the conquest of a con- mes;q tinent. It Is more than our literature, r o( j our music, our poetry. Other na­ tions have these things also. 6 ! “Maybe the intangible we can->ded not describe lies in the personal ould experience and the living of each •I of us rather than in phrases, how- oese ever ever inspiring. K will Experience As American IS “Perhaps without immodesty I irica can claim to have had some ex­ hese IC perience in what American means, ;here fl I have lived many kinds of Amer- ■nd a |>-Jcan life. After my early boyhood that in this Iowa village, I lived as~ ) the ward of a country doctor in Oregon. -1 lived among those to ; whom hard work was the price of pn ail existence. The open opportunities I wiU of America opened out to me the r men i public schools. They carried me f free I; to the professional training of j an American university. I began tritual > I by working with my own hands fulfill I for my daily bread., i have tasted Tican. the despair of fruitless search ituries i for a Job. I know the kindly en-. coun* couragement of a humble boari Inghouse keeper. , I know now �economic depression either com­ ing or going. But nobody told me of it. So I did not have the mod­ em worry of what the federal government would do about it. “I have conducted the admin­ istration of great Industries with their problems of production and the well-being of their employes. Sees Contrasts Abroad "I have seen America in con­ trast with many nations and races. My profession took me into ? :many .foreign lands under many kinds of government. I have worked with their great spiritual leaders and their great statesmen, I have worked in governments of free men, of tyrannies, of Social­ ists and of Communists. I have met with princes, kings, despots and desperados. "I have seen the squalor of ‘ Asia, the frozen class barriers ■ of Europe, I was not a tourist, I was associated in their working lives and problems. I had to deal Mtn their social systems and I their governments. And outstandj mg everywhere to these great ; masses of people there was a ; hallowed word—America. To them, ( it was the hope of the world. “My every frequent homecoming was a reaffirmation of the glory of America. Each time my soul was washed by the relief from finding poverty of other nations. : by the greater kindliness and frankness which comes from ac­ ceptance of equality apd the wide/open opportunity to all who wnt a chance, It is more than that. It is a land of self-respect born alone of free men. Slavery On March nn participated on behalf of America in a great war. I saw untold misery and revolution. 1 have seen liberty die and tyranny rise. I have seen human slavery again on the : march. , "I iiave been repeatedly placed by my counhymen where I had need to deal with the hurricanes of social and economic destruc­ tion which have swept the world. I have seen bitter famine and the worst misery that the brutality of war can produce. “I have had every honor to which any man could aspire. There is no place on the whole CMth except here in America where ^1 toe sons of man could have this chance in life. 7 .’■ecount all this in order that, in Quaker terms, I can give my own testimony, “The meaning of our word America flows from one pure spring. The soul of our America is Its freedom of mind and spirit “e the open Mndows thru which pours toe sunUght of the human spirit. Here alone is human dignity not : A dream, but an accomplishment. , ,, ! Qtes Quaker H^tage Perhaps another etching of Mrther meaning of America Ues Jn tnis community, it was largely settled by Quakers over 90 years small religious seet J” Eng land had declared that cert^n freedoms of man came from the Creator and not from thestate 150 years before toe Dec- I laration of Independence. They ' spent much time in British stocks . this first outburst l?2f7^hTn toe dignity of toe ind^ vidual man. ; “They first came in refuge to i New EiglMd. But the Puritans ' �( 01 roun in me oi uib iuuj.! vidual man. , : “They first came In refuge to 1 I New England. But the Puritans cut -off their ears by way of dis­ approval of their religious indi­ vidualism. Then came the great refuge which William Penn se­ cured for them. Prom New Eng­ land and Pennsylvania some of the ancestors of this community, before the Revolution, migrated first to Maryland, and after a generation they moved to the Piedmont of North Carolina. Then early in the last century slavery . began to encroach upon them. Most of that community5,000 of them-organized a con­ certed trek to Ohio and Indiana. This time they were seeking freedom from that great stain on human liberty. Again after a gen­ eration they hitched their covered wagons and settled on these '■®^‘Everywhere along these treksj . there sprang np hemes and farms. But more vital was the meeting house with its deep roots in re­ ligious faith, its tolerance and de­ votion to liberty of the individual. And in these people there was the will to serve their community and their country. Even this village was a station on the underground thru which Negroes were aided to the freedom of Canada. Sons of this community were in the then Red Cross of the Civil war. And de­ spite their peace loving faith, many of their sons were enrolled in the Union army to battle for free men "That imbedded individualism,' that self-reliance, that sense of service, and above all those moral and spiritual foundations were not confined to the Quakers. They were ; but one atom in the mighty tide of these qualities of any larger re­ ligious bodies which make up the Intangible of the word American. “At the time our ancestors were proclaiming that the Creator had endowed all mankind with rights of freedom as the child of God, with a free will, there was being pro­ claimed by Hegel and later by Karl Marx a satanic philosophy of agnosticism and that the rights of man came from the state. The greatness of America today comes . from one philosphy, the despair of Europe from the other. Scoffers Lack Understanding "There are today fuzzy-minded people in our country who would compromise in these fundamental concepts. They scoff at these tested qualities in men. They never have understood and never will I understand what the word America means. They explain that these qualities were good while there was a continent to conquer, and a nation to. build. They say that time has passed.. No doubt the land frontier has passed. But the frontiers of science are barely opening. This new land with all its high promise cannot and will not be conquered except by men inspired from the concepts of free spirit. "It is those moral and spiritual qualities in free men which fulfill the meaning of the word American. And with them will come centuries of further greatness to our coun­ try.” �Powder River Mission Has Interesting History (By H. B .Lott/"J j led for me, these and many other —— accounts of the German Lutheran Volume upon volume has been ^Mission among the Crowj(, Cheywritten on the Fur trade and the ennel|( and Arapahoe^- I am In­ Indian wars of- our great West. debted to him also for the photo­ A few of these have much, most graph used with this sketch. fa of them have little to say insofar The Powder River Xis ' as these subjects occur with re­ 'ission was ference to the Powder River coun- the fourth attempt by the Iowa The Mission Station on Powder River, 1860 ’ ' Synod to establish Indian Missions in the far west. Organized at @) Sebald, Iowa, August 24, 1864, by German Lutherans from Bavaria, it began to think of among the Indians two years lat­ er. Two attempts were made to establish such missions among the Canadian Indians, but both fail­ ed. Pastor Schmidt, however, was not to be discouraged by failure, and in 1858, while in Detroit, he became acquainted with a Mr. Redfield, then Indian agent of the Crow Indians along the Yellow­ stone and Big Horn rivers. Mr. Redfield gave his consent to per­ mit two missionaries to accom­ pany him upon his next trip among the Crow|l(. Moritz Braeuninger and Schmidt were chosen by the ,^nod for this service. They lived with the Crowlrall that sum­ mer of 1858, returning to^p Se­ bald in November. Their report was encouraging and it was decided to found a colony in the land of the Crow^ Ten men were orglnally chosen for this service but owing to a lack of sufficient funds, this num­ ber was reduced to six. Missionfessor George J-^Jliitschel uf-Du-arlos-Braeunlngor, Schmidt and buque, Iowa, at one time curator Doederlein, with Seyler as helper, of the J3hurch -Records of the and two colonists. Beck and Iowa Synod. He has very kindly Bunge, were the ones chosen. Aftranslated from the German text ter travelj^ng all the summer of 1859, they of the Kirchenblatt, and also cop- 12-?, " . arrived ' ? late in the fall try. But little, on the other hand, has been written of the efforts to christianize the Indians, who, in years gone by, made their homes in the valleys of Powder River and its tributaries. Let us deviate, therefore, from the usual practice of writing and rewriting the story of the Indian wars and consider something little touched upon in the annals of Wyoming history. With the possible exception of the teachings of Father P. J. De­ Smet, while on, his journey from the Missouri ^iver in Montana, through the Powder River coun­ try to a treaty council at Fort Laramie in 1851, the first attempt to teach these Indians was made in the summer of 1860. To the writer’s knowledge, the following account of the Powder River In' dTan Mission has never ifore appeered outside of the^hurch publications. It was printed years ago in the “Kirchenblatt,” a church paper published / by the Evangelical Lutheran ,Synod of Iowa, in which the language used was entirely German. For the details of the story here present­ ed, the writer is indebted to Pro­ dt ijcoi Ills, prooamy tne first time that a plow had ever turned the sod of the Powder River valley, and sow­ ed the seed of the fall harvest. They then erected a better house of logs, thO/Mlssion Ration. Next, a well was sunk which produced tolerable drinking water. They then constructed an addition to the JMlssion station to serve the purpose of a kitchen. All this being done. Missionary Braeunliv ger wrote a report to the jfirnod of all that had been accomriiehed. In this report to the fission Jroard, he stated that the crow^ could not be very far distant and we “will see and converse with our dear Crow|(, which will take place shortly, as they are to re­ ceive their annuities at Oil'll Xreek this year and their rovh. (there) leads directly by our stto' tion.” But Braeuninger did lyt know that the Crowj^ to go (*’ Deer 0reok had to travel throng this Powder River battle ground against ,the opposition of the Sioux and Cheyenne/. The result was that because of fear of this the Crowy did not attempt to go to Deer ^freek for their cnnuities this year, Braeuninger, In his report, also asked that two more missionaries be sent out for ser­ vice at Powder jdver as Bunge had deserted the cause and it was with the greatest reluctance that Braeuiunger would take him to Deer ^reek. This report, togethe^ with a ,pencil-- --------sketch of the _Xission and some other scenes, was forv^'rded from Deer ^reek to the yiSodrd In Iowa. The letter arrived during the harvest and was read with great joy. A call went out for more missionaries, Prof. S. Ftitschel approached Flachenecker and Krebs upon going into the Indian country and both readily accept­ ed the call. They were instructed to make preparations for the jour­ ney at once. To an account of this trip, written by Krebs, we are indebted for ipuch information concerning the fission after the return of Braeuninger from Deer -0-eek in July of 1860. ! The three remaining workers at Powder ^iver, Braeuninger, Beck Serving the Best - and Seyler. were ouce, niore to• X gather at the fission Xlation. Ev2 Tying ^ arything seemed to be working ---------------------- out according to their plans. But, R A W I T N —they were in Sioux and Cheyenne territory ip place of that of Loren Denitjjgjj. friends, the Grow/. This wixtiic It cixipLieo into the North Platte (vicinity of the present Glenrock, Wyoming) Here they decided to winter, and in the following spring strike out for jQJjsaroka, the land of the Crowji, Times that winter of 1859 and ’60 were extremely hard for these poor missionaries striving to serve their God in the western wilderness. Funds became ex­ hausted and food was scarce and therefore high in price. They were however, aided by a Captain Raynolds of the United States /Army who was that year in winter quar­ ters. It was decided that Schmidt and Doederlein should return at once to Iowa and in the spring equip a second train and with it return to the Indian country. These two missionaries therefore returned to Iowa late in the fall, much to the dissatisfaction of the JVTission /Board. Schmidt later be­ came ill and Doederlein joined the Missouri/^ynod. But back to Deer Creek where now remained but four of the ori^al company. The /Mission Xoard in Bavaria had sent funds for the continuance of the journey into the land of the CrowJ|, and the establishment there of an In­ ti iaii ^JMfssion. The spring of 1860 found them on their lonely way northward. A hundred miles brought them to the banks of Powder/River. It seemed to them that the opposite shore was the long sought jj^saroka, Delusion of,Death? They were, in reality, on the very battleground where the Sioux and Cheyenne^ waged a continuous war for possession against their longsought friends, the Crow)(. They crossed the river and selected a site Suitable for the mission Station, where the ground was level on the river bottom and where the grass was thick and luxuriant for the tired oxen and the soil adaptable to ag­ riculture. Here they constructed an emer­ gency hut for shelter at night and ii protectton against the weather. They broke the land for the plant- RAWLINS NEWESI^T* to them as time went on, and ------------------- Braeuninger one day remarked AMERICA!^ - - S'could not remain there without additional men in case QUALITY FOODS — Ti flie^lndians should. honnm,-* hostile Slid rttack them. He bec.-.me conf) N T H F fl--------------- must spend the U iM i fl L ti fojio^ving winter at Deer Xreek if the desired help at the station 212 Fifth Street was not forthcoming. “ The Sioux visited them fre­ quently and at first seemed to be quite friendly. But as time went on they became more independJ jspt and one day when the mlsj sionaries did not comply with. ' their wishes, they threatened to ' shoot. Nothing camo of this threat, however, excepting a decid_ _ ed change In the attitude of the Indians, who now became openly insolent and mean. Soon after, a W fl large war-party arrived at the mission and these Indians were 2 q ulte hostile in both manner and �wornout blanket which he wished to trade for a new one. and was refused by Braeuninger. After a heated argument, the Indian matched up a new blanket, tore old blanket on the ground, at the same time asking if this was not ail trade. Braeuninger did not reply, but placed his ^ -mnd over his mouth, meaning, m wteh ? ‘bat he did not the missionaries were numbered and that that far outresistance Braeuninger at last reluctantly told the Indians that they might SrL They then deth , T «P°»- As soon as ______‘Ite band heard at the ,?bbT^ Indians haS ------------ t?th missionaries, he came to the Mission Station and returnd the blanket, saylncr that Ha so.ppns wanted his people to tt decency oward the whites. T 1« party ®br arrived t? ! This on foot. The story best told by Seyler and subsZ “a three times- M.k With the Snake jOd -warT^ evlLn^ Indians. Very - ,3 S' 'S-'x-'.’:' oe not hGFA? six^i^ f *epnea, is ‘here are the r\ bim he returned «“<! ------“c returned and took ' Seyler ^'vith him and both looked .^3,«^rched. until night "! and came on seek shelI’l^fT lays ,, -, '- Bfaeuninger. ®’--uninger, \7r b„e ,Xn-l even find a trace of couldn’t end they had to h <•< u«. “• 01 . tbe Indians ,':°“‘^‘“ced that W ’ 'must have hldd 1 ®aerbts body in a » I that they cou^r“'“®®’’ Powder ii7er “? ‘here were e^bankmenS\ ’I®themseives««! I’ they would T "“h"' ‘’®'end -the\ZeW“- ‘V‘ ^ISlnce this teShto d ^^uninger tha + 'Pto go to “lor relief fn Th f’ attacks. \ Brae-, \ ‘’cclded \ 'ook ' �Luuu, ana bur­ ied the rest, to get later on » Let us now join the two mis­ sionaries, Flachenecker and Krebs are on their way from the ^ssion headquarters In Iowa to Join their brothers in the mission work on Powder jflver. Mission­ ary Krebs. In a letter which be sent back to Iowa, told of this trip westward, and from the let.ter we learn further of the death of Braeunlnger. We find the two “e’tr Scott’s Bluff, 150 miles east of old Fort Laramie. Here Is the account by Krebs. “At Scott’s Bluff a man called us by name and Invited us as „„ his, guests for a ‘free meal.’ ‘Get off and come inside, I’m the station cook,’ he said. ‘i know you do not know; me, but I’m Bunge.’ No wonder we did not recognize him for he had grown a beard during the year. ‘Don’t you remember thal I started out with the mis­ sionaries, but stayed here over the winter at^r jefreck and went tuvassisted j with the building there? I resign­ ed as missionary and am now liere as cook at this (stage) sta­ tion, until I can travel further.' Scott’s Bluffs: the former colonist of the Mission, told us the following things, which I am relaUng to you. now.” I The stage driver coming from | the west had brought the sad I message that at Powder .niver the I Indians had murdered one of the I Missionaries w^ had settled near ’ the Powder ^iver. If this be true It must be one of our men. ’ For he (Bunge) had not heard of any settlement of missionaries on the Powder Hlver besides ours. But he added that 150 miles west there was an Alsatian who spoke as good German as French, and he would be able to give us parti­ culars. There was a great deal of travel through this station to­ ward the West. “You can Imagine how we felt, how our hearts were filled with fear for our Missionaries and how eager we were to travel to the next station 150 (miles) further on; for the news was not confirm­ ed. At the designated station we met this Alsatian, whose name was ‘Henry.’ also a number of Frenchmen playing cards, and a man who had just arrived from Deer ^eek. Henry. In French, asked these gentlemen what they had heard about the murder at Powder Mver. He then inter­ preted in German to us what they told him. about the DeerM-eek station^ The murdered one had been a German and among the three that lived them �Powder fliver. He then inter­ preted in German to us what they told him, about the Deer^/fireek station^ The murdered one had been a German and among the three that lived there. The' chief, he said, was murdered. The two remaining were alive, and had returned a short time ago to Deer jbreek, “This all fitted our people. So the chief of the three was Braeunjnger, but they did not know the ?ame; our missionary was dead. he other two, his helpers, Sey­ ler and the colonist Beck, were still alive and we shall find them at Deer ^£!reek. . . . The stage went on towards Deer Creek, where we arrived about noon. , . . At this station. Major Twiss’, of whom I told above, the mission­ aries found refuge after Braeun­ inger’s murder, when they return­ ed to Deer Creek, where they had winter quarters Jlefore they mov­ ed to Powder ^ver (the previous year). Here at Major Twiss’ we found our quarters in the same house that Seyler and Beck (had) occupied, for it was already Sept­ ember. We went to the fort of the JMfajor, and there found the brethren, Seyler and Beck. IVhat a sad meeting after the death of Br. Braeuninger. They had ex­ pected to be called back, and here instead came two new helpers into the field, who did not know of the death of Braeuninger when sent. The cruel deed had been done only a short time befor^they had started, or before the^|inssion ^ard had heard about it. Braeun'ger had begged so hard for more help.” When the/Mission/Board receiv­ ed the news of Braeuninger’s death, It directed the four mainlng workers to remain at Deer Creek, and tl^ere erect ‘ maintain a new Jtiisslon, all the while being on the alert for the friendly Cro-^, should they appear, but to carry on the work within the first tribe who should be willing to receive them. This was accomplished mainly among the CheyenneJ(. The missionaries travelled from place to place with the different villages of the tribe, learned the language, and taught them the Word of God. Of the several accounts of these trips among the Cheyenn^, one or two are of special value as they relate the travels of the missionaries through the Powder 'itiver coun­ try, at times. In the very neigh­ borhood of the first fission Sta­ tion erected there and burned by the Sioux Immediately after its abandonment by Beck and Seyler, tor the reason that, as the Sioux later stated, “They did not want _a TOttlement of whites on Powder , Enver.” nai A -non nm � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 2-H Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1937 1948 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Mrs. Sarah Knott H. B. Lott J. W. Morrow Description An account of the resource This letterbox contains newspaper clippings which include: an article by Mrs. Sarah Knott and her experience living at the mines of Cheyenne when Frank Irwin was killed, a story by J. W. Morrow titled "Two Men Murdered," an article of President Hoover's birthday speech in August of 1948, and an article about the history of the Powder River Mission by H. B. Lott in 1937. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/84cd17ee57e9291019312897d18679b0.pdf 187e660d33870c86aa71d643c7a5d268 PDF Text Text "MAGAZINE SECTION THE DENVER POST—FIRST IN EVERYTHING—SUNDAY MORNING, JULY 17, 1938 TAe Post Phone—'Main '2121 �Crossed the Plains day, July 24, hailed thruout the intcrmountain sec­ tion, is the Mardi Gras of the ORJION M west. The date—a state holiday in Utah— calls for a solid week of celebration and from July 19 to 25, this year, the event will be widely and wildly her­ alded, in Salt Lake City and Ogden especially. Annually there are solid rounds of parades, processions, wild West shows, rodeos and dramas depict­ ing the trek of the Mormons (LatterDay Saints) in the early days to Utah. The celebration this year will com­ memorate the ninety-first anniversary of the state’s founding. On July 24, 1847, Brigham Young, Mormon pioneer leader, with his band of Mormons, arrived in Salt Lake City (then a wilderness) after a trek by handcart and oxteam across the plains, from Nauvoo, Ill., to found his western empire. “This is the place,” cried Pioneer Young, setting his staff in the ground end halting his followers. Today nearly one million Mormons In all parts of the world echo this cry end on Mormon day revere his mem­ ory, The west is colonized. OVERED wagons have been greased for the long lines of parades which will be staged daily. Oxen have been given final training in drawing heavy oxcarts for the processions planned for thousands of spectators which annually ere drawn to Ogden and Salt Lake City by the celebrations. Pioneer costumes have been made ready for the dances and pageants which will be held. Sagebrush days will come to life as Utah gets “wild” and the “good old days of the west” will be relived by the Beehive state. Mormon day queens are chosen anrually from among the fairest in Mormondom. This year, at Ogden, for the pioneer Days celebration, blond Mar­ jorie Anderson, 16, will reign, heading the procession on her buckskin pony. Pal. Helen Vent, curly-haired eques­ trienne, will head the horse .show and jodeo. At Salt Lake City, for the Covered Wagon Days celebration, brunet Kay Robins will reign, assisted by her aids, Elaine Hatch and Betty Lee Buehler. The beauties will reign supreme at the rodeos, parades and head pageants into which will be woven the back­ ground of Mormondom, followers ol the Angel Moroni. Heber J. Grant, bearded president of the Mormons, an­ nounces that services will be held thrucut Mormondqm—Pioneer day comes cn Sunday. Tributes will be paid in the various Mormon wards or branches and at the world-famrfus Tabernacle Square, in Salt Lake City, to the valiant colonizers ■who braved the wilderness, Indian.s, starvation and thirst on that perilous 1,037-milo trek across the plains west­ ward. The movement began at Nauvoo, 111,, February, 1846, when the Mormons C Kay Robins, center. Is queen of the Salt Lake City celebration. Her as­ sistants are Elaine Hatch and Betty Lee Buehler. Bridger helped guide them part' of the' way, pointing out the route to Great Salt Lake valley. He said, however, it would be useless to try to farm—he would give $100 for the first bushel of corn grown on the alkali flats. '• On July 23, 1847, Pioneer Young, lying ill in the wagon of Edgar 'Wilford ■Woodruff, obtained his first view of the land in -which he purported to find rest and peace for his weary people. ' Young gazed out upon the Salt Lakei valley for a long time and then said; “Enough. This is the place. Drive on,” The pioneer band passed thru Emi« gration canon and came into the val­ ley of the Great Salt lake on July; 24, 1847. _ Then came “hard times,” the build--'; ing of the commonwealth; days of bread and molasses, the discovery of i the sago and other edible roots on which the pioneers might survive; the sowing of grains and the coming of. the Mormon cricket scourge—but thru it all lived the pioneers and others who. followed. Ci They raised the Stars and Stripes everywhere over the new Mormon empire in the Rockies, then Mexican territory, and in a few years applied for admission to the union as the State of Deseret. A great commonwealth which fed the California goldseekers en route west and others had been founded. A NNUALLY, on July 24, the achievejnent of conquering the plains, and the making of the desert “blos­ som like a rose” i.s celebrated. In Salt Lake City the so-called Covcred Wagon Days celebration extends from the year 1849, when the Mormon pioneers gathered in “Pioneer Park,” then a stockade of protection against Indians. Mormon day ha.s codtinued intermit- , lently thru the semicentennial celebra­ tion in 1897 and is designed to reach its climax with a government-spon­ sored “Centennial Celebration,” ob­ serving the hundredth celebration of the settlement of the territory. Ogden, second largest city of the state, caught this spirit five years ago and staged a mammoth Pioneer Days celebration, led by Mayor Harman W. Peery, Utah’s “cowboy mayor.” The event was one of the most successful This great Mormon cathedral in Salt Lake City, Utah, will be the center celebrations—bar none—ever held, of Founders day activities. and each year the day has been re­ peated. day in Salt Lake City, Og­ band followed the meanderings of the the bare skin of the feet was covered denMormon and thruout Mormondom will com­ Platte river, keeping mostly on the with bark and animal hides. The pioneers were a determined lot. bine the pioneer spirit and the gaiety north side of the stream. They touched Fort Laramie, an old trading post, and Braving the scarcity of food and water of modern days. (Copyright. 1938.) also Red Buttes, Independence Rock, and the danger .of .nearby redskins. Page TItre± Devils’Gate, Little and Big Sandy and Fort Bridger^ Finally the pioneers arrived at Echo canon, where ..they met certain trap­ pers—among them being Martin Harri.s and Jim Bridger. • These two gave the pioneers very dismal pictures of the Salt Lake valley, on the shores of America’s great inland sea. Great Balt lake. The trappers urged the pioneers to go on to the fertile lands of the Pa­ cific coast. But Pioneer Young had decided to seek shelter in “the great basin in the Rocky mountains.” Joseph Smith, founder of Mormonism, had conceived this idea—the building up of a permanent abiding place of the people belonging to the Mormon church. He would not be dissuaded and the pioneer band trudged on. Skulls of oxen, bulletins of the plains, marked their route. Shoes were worn out and Heber J. Grant, left, president of nearly oiie million Mormons, and Reuben Clark, high in Mormon ■ church circles, will greet their fol- , lowers on Mormon day. banded together to flee from religious persecution. The multitude of church folk numbered 12,000 persons, who possessed 30,000 cattle, mules, horses and sheep. Leaders were chosen in the first exodus from Illinois, with Brig­ ham Young at the head. The companies left Nauvoo in the winter under the command of Pioneer Young, 400 wagons stopping to pitch tents at the first of the “Camps of Israel” upon snow and ice. They renewed the journey on the first day of March, when they traveled five miles and rested on Sugar creek. Permission had been obtained to cross thru Iowa. The company was divided into two parts and each of these into hundreds, fifties and tens, with captains. The prescribed outfit for a family was one wagon, three yoke of cattle or three teams, two cows, two beef cattle, three sheep, 1,000 pounds of flour, twentyfour pounds of sugar, a tent and bed­ ding, seeds, farming tools and rifle, a total being estimated at the value of $250. But in addition to. those which were thus equipped there was a large num­ ber of nondescript outfits, the make.shifts of poverty, from the unsuitable heavy cart that lumbered on mysteri­ ously, with its crazy two-wheeled trundle, to mere handcarts pushed by humans. Roadf? were bad most of the way and wagon.s were always breaking down, so that the company considered it had made remarkable progress when­ ever it covered fifteen miles in a day. The people of Iowa used to tell that all day long the slow procession' passed over their prairies—the strangest spec­ tacle they had ever witnessed—and that they sjnnpathized with the toil of those quiet but zealous pioneers. *T^HE main camp established itself at winter quarters, on the east bank of the Missouri, partly occupying some bluffs at which the Indians were wont to hold their councils, whence the later name of Council Bluffs. The house.s were built of logs, a fortification was erected, a grist mill and log taber­ nacle put up and school established—altho the Mormons knew they were to stay a short time, a year or two at most. The winter was a hard one and the Thi» monument marks the spot •where Brigham Young halted his followers and said: “This is the place.” Their long journey across the plains was ended. Ross Beatty will re-enact . the scene. Marjorie Anderson is queen of the Pioneer day celebration which will^ be held at Ogden, Utah real cowgirl and quite the saddle. journey just complet^ had its dark-i^ side. Sickness had beeij|general. Deaths i) had been so frequent (that burials had , to be performed wjxhout ceremony. H Sorrow and lamentatjbn had been daily ■ visitors. No family had escaped; few ,i[ but had buried one or more. Early in the spring of 1847 PioneerYoung gathered the famous Pioneer 4 company together at winter quarters J and on April 17, 1847, they crossed’, over on the north side of the Platte river, breaking a trail toward the ’ Ko<;ky mountains. Pioneer Young took with him 143 ; men, three women, two children, 148 souls in all; seventy-two wagons, ninety-three horses, fifty-two mules, sixty-six oxen, nineteen cows, seven­ teen dogs and some chickens. He also took along a cannon to awe the Indians. The men were farmers, mechanics and blacksmiths—sturdy pioneers from all walks of life, and progenitors of the j present “hardy” Utahans who today celebrate this famous trek westward. I The women did their share of the work,'; being tender persons who nursed the ' feet and wounds of the men folk and helped to cook the meals and arrange the tents and the wagons. They cheered •. with songs such as “The Girl I Lett: Behind Me” and the religious favorite of the Mormons: “Come, Come, Ye Saints,” the latter ending: “No toil i and labor fear, all is well, all i.s well.” ; For hundreds of miles this pioneer ' �THE DENVER POST—FIRST IN EVERYTHING—SUNDAY MORNING, JULY 17, 1938 ■ MAGAZINE SECTION The Roaring Machine Lurches to the Side . • . The Helpless Driver Is Shot High in the Air . .. Racing Enthusiasts Everywhere Go to See the Spills. This One Ended Tragically for the Driver. George Herzog, 23, Is Shown Falling from His Racing Machine as Both Man and Machine Spin Above Track . . . It Turned Upside Down. A Moment Later It I.anded on Top of Him and Snapped His Neck. He Died in an Ambulance on His Way to the Hospital. was the Canada Rid, himself, TA • 71 7 ITsU^^frhTnXSlVtXaS Jewel Acquires Some Mighty whence he had sprung (one his haven of sanctuary. “With all this here org’nizin’ an’ HiJfaintin’ Ideas Which Sort £ y jr \J The Driver Falls, the Engine Bears Upward ... J -jy" • J The Post Phone—Main 212T ' Another Victim for the God of Speed. This Spill Occurred at the Memorial Day Race at Indianapolis When the Car of Al Gordon and Frank Howard Went into a Spin. Miraculously, They Lived. �back. An’ my business, bein’ in a sort o’ luxury bracket for its source, is feelin’ the pinch.” The Kid’s business, of course, is that of being the slickest pickpocket in all the Americas. "I was sayin’ to Jewel,” he con­ tinued, bringing in, as he always did, his adored red-headed wife, “that it’s no use stickin’ your fingers into kicks what ain’ got nothin’ in ’em. “Big shots ain’ makin’ no profits, most o’ the workers is on strike an’ most o’ the rest of ’em is out o’ jobs. I s’pose I could lift a few relief checks, but I ain’ fellen that low yet. i‘I figger these here lib’ral labqr laws is what’s at the bottom o’ the brief. An’ yet, I belong to one o’ the oldest an’ most hon’rable unions in the land. “For half a cench’ry or more, the Pickpockets’ Trust, or Dips’ Union, has had headquarters in Ch’cago an’ branches aroun’ the country. “Ev’ry p’fessional is a member. The dues is on percentage, the amounts is paid on the honor system, an’ our bpys play on the up-an’-up with the org’nization. The dues is a tenth .o’ the take; the scripchural tithe. “It’s what we call ‘fall dough.’ A ‘fair is when one o’ the lads gets in trouble. Then the fund gets him a square mouthpiece if that’ll help, or a fixer what can reach the right peo­ ple—judges, juries or prosecutors— a^tiTITHE A True Story From Real Life !*‘My Business, Bein’ in a Sort o’ LuxSury Bracket for Its Source, Is Feelln’ » the Pinch, Too.” By Jack Lait or it puts up in cash so he can lam the bail if it’s hopeless. “It don’ say ‘Pickpockets’ Trust’; on the door, o’ course. But it’s a law firm, see ? That firm ain’ got no other kind o’ cases. An’ they gets paid by’ the year, so much. “The head office is in a skyscraperowned by a big bank, an’ the rent is’ paid on the'line. “lye got ev’rything an org’niza­ tion o’ workers or industrialists—fig-; ger us either way—could need, excep’ a press agent or a senator. , “We exchange inf’mation about conditions aroun’ the country, where the bulls is tough, where a new D. A/ can or cannot be reached, what race­ tracks is bearin’ down, where we can So She Throws a Book at Me—an’ the Book Is b.y One o’ the M a r X Brothers — 1 Think Karl.” Illustration by Geo. A. Fish slip a few grand in the campaign fund of a right judge—an’ if any brother is in distress, penal or pers’nal. “We even got international c’nections to fence bonds an’ di’monds an’ such where it ain’ too close to their home. I, my?elf, never touch securi­ ties or ice. Currency is my dish. It ain’ got no identity. It’s tough enough to chance a rap for ‘larceny from the person’ wit’out havin’ to get by ‘possession o’ stolen goods’ or c’nspiracy falls. “But I say I’m a good org’nization man. I come clean with my tithe an’ I appreciate what p’tection it gets me. “But we ain’ in no fed’ration or other union o’ unions. We ain’ tryin’ to shape over the world. We’re sim­ ply one for all an’ all for one; we ain’ lobbyin’ for no floor'under what a sucker can carry in his wallet or a ceilin’ over how long one of us can chump cased. “Some weeks I work forty hours an’ some I jus’ lay aroun’ the house an’ look at Jewel, an’ some weeks I stay on a trail night an’ day till I clip my cluck. “If Stalin Is handin’ out orders to all these here unions, he hasn’t got aroun’ to ourn yet, an’ if he ever shows up at our headquarters one o’ the members’ll prob’ly frisk him for his five-year plan. “Nach’rally, like in all groups, we have our radicals. Some o’ the tithe-payers in good standin’ are defi­ nitely for packin’ the Supreme Court the New Deal way, though me, myself, I don’ see how you’re gonna get in the pockets of a sapi all covered up in a Ku1 Klux kimono. “My Jewel — who’sI got some red in her. Sideswiped! Charles Engles Ploughs Over the Side Wall After Striking Car No. 34, Driven by Don McKenzie, Whose Machine Was Turned Completely Around. -mostly in her hair—says as how he bein ’ byI’m trade a shoplifter —• “— She says a tory, an Indivij;fould never nothin out ofana’ ualist, out of swipe time wit ’ the’ times torenowhat a picket-line; she ^ot sense had o’ solidarity. zouldn ’ work a place what “I says it ainin’ so. I’m for old was age [nfair. I saysyour that hands was a flock o’ msionsSo when get so loloney an’can I’d’t not go at’empty rough laky you put only ’em in 1itch-pocket picket-line wit but’out go turnin t’rough aa picket ’ in riot i— if heI’m had for anything. ill. share-the-wealth—I ant a share of anybody’s wealth, n’ I can sit down with as much enirance an’ enthusism as any man. “Jewel asks me am I for c’lective irgaining, so I tells her no but she bughta be. ’Cuz when them mammas p’lect for bargains in them stores, that’s when she can put in her best licks. An’ she says stop kiddin’—do stay on the job if he’s got a good--.. I ptand for the closed shop? So I i says avboob what marries a red-head learns to stand for anything. So she Ithrows a-book at me—an’ the book is by one V the Marx brothers—I think Karl. \ w’ cho ii■? “An she says she’s a hund’ed per ;ent behind the ti tirls in our hand the corner, what’s laundry aroun’ thi been out now for two months for a livin’ wage an’ shorter hours. i “So I says, well if them laundry girls wasn’ gettih’ no livin’ wage an’ struck for one, how was they livin’ ipp to then? An’ she says maybe I Bbetter not ask. Girls who can’t get & livin’ wage have been forced to feates worse’n death. I says I don’ tbelieve it, ’cus I’ve seen the girls in phis laundry. |. “Anyway, Jewel says, they’re right fin demandin’ shorter hours. So I says |l don’ know. How many hours was [they workin’ before they struck an’ ^demanded shorter hours? An’ she bays she don’ know an’ that’s beside fehe point. I “I says how ? If you don’ know blow many hours they was workin’, plow can you say that many hours ithey was workin’ was too long an’ tthey’re right in strikin’ for less |hours ? j “An’ Jewel says, bless her, she Ididn’ unde’stand they was strikin’ for jUESS hours—they was strikin’ for SHORTER hours!” Al Gordon Does a Solo Flight This Time. He Crashed Through the Fence Below the Wheels and Flew 125 Feet In the Air. He Received a Broken Nose and Bruises. Note How This Thrill-Provider Is Trying to Extricate Himself Before His Whirl­ ing Slachine Falls on Top of Him. The Driver Escaped with Minor Injuries. Copyright. 1338, King features Syndicate, Inc. Page Four ' ,, '• i. -.1 ............ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 2-G Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1938 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler The Denver Post (July, 1938) Description An account of the resource This letterbox contains a magazine section of the Denver Post from July 17, 1938 with a large article about the celebration of Mormon Day and the Mormons' arrival in Utah. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Subject The topic of the resource Utah -- History Mormons -- Utah -- History Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/0691669aeb66fa9b2c50b66083868952.pdf 1d342f2c72afd68c76d3693cc56b8b41 PDF Text Text DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS Bulletin, 1928, No. 8. INDIAN MISSIONS of the UNITED STATES �INDIAN MISSIONS of the UNITED STATES AT HEART, the American Indian, as may be said of most primitive peoples, is essentially a devout person, his sacrifices, his fasts, his fetishes, his ceremonies being most rigidly adhered to, having predominence over all other matters of merely temporal importance. He acknowledges the existence of a Supreme Being, appeals to Him in matters of importance to himself and his tribe, and expects to spend the life beyond in accordance with his merits. To him, re­ ligion as introduced by the whites wa.s no new thing; the dogma was changed, but it was simply a variation of the old theories and the old ceremonie.s of his fathers, and in this variation the attraction lay. Missionary efforts among the Indians date from the earliest acquaintance of that race with the white man. Most particularly were Spain and France aggressive in their mis­ sionary labors, many of the early explorers or voyageurs being themselves representatives of their churches and countries in an official capacity, their work being under the direct supervision of their governments. The Spanish mis­ sions were propagated by the Franciscan Fathers, and the French by the Jesuits, the former coming into the country through the south, and the latter through the north. The earliest records are those of 1542, when Coronado, in search for the Seven Cities of Cibola, was accompanied by his priests in his explorations among the tribes of Mexico and as far north as the present state of Nebraska. - It was not until a century later that the first Protestant missions were founded in New England, under the super­ vision of John Eliot, of the Congregational Church. It has been noted that England left her missionary efforts to the philanthropically-inclined individuals or to organized societies. / The early missionaries contributed not only to the religiou,s advancement of the Indians, but historical and geo­ graphical matter,s of importance were not neglected, pre­ serving most valuable material which would otherwise have been lost to posterity. The archives of the old Spanish missions of the Southwest and of the French missions of Canada and the Great Lakes region are replete with in­ valuable manuscripts, maps of early explorations, diaries of the early discoverers, notes on the habits, languages, and characteristics of the tribes when their first acquaintance was made by the whites. 1 �2 INDIAN MISSIONS OP THE UNITED STATES The white man’s civilization was advanced by planting colonies on the frontier, placing the white race in direct contact with the primitive red man; the very outposts were held by the missions under the direction of fearless men who, in the interests of their State or of their religion, made a highroad for those who came after. The later years w'ere devoted more strictly to religious and educational instruction. The Moravians were the real pio­ neers in Protestant denominational work along educational lines, followed by the establishment of schools by the Friends in 1795, the Baptists in 1807, the American Board (Congregational and Presbyterian) in 1810, Episcopal in 1815, Methodist in 1816, Presbyterian (North) in 1833, Methodist (South) in 1844, the American Missionary Association (Congregational) in 1846, Dutch Reformed in 1857, Presbyterian (South) in 1857, Hicksite Quaker in 1869, United Presbyterian in 1869, Unitarian in 1886, Re­ formed Presbyterian (Covenanter) in 1889. Almost all denominations are represented in this work, ranging from the Roman Catholic and the various sects of Protestantism to the Orthodox Russian among the Indians of Alaska, and the Mormon Church of Utah, and practically every tribe has come under the influence of the teaching of some Christian religion, led by such men in the earlier days as Samson Occum, the Mohican student of Rev. Eleazer Wheelock’s Indian School in Connecticut; James B. Finley, David Zeisberger, and other pioneers of Ohio; the teachers of the Society of Friends in Pennsylvania and adjoining States; Evan Jones and Samuel Worcester among the Cherokee of the South; the Williamsons, Riggs, and Ponds of the Sioux country; Bishops Whipple and Hare in Minnesota; Whitman, Lee, and Spalding among the tribes of the northwest coast; Father Hamilton among the Omaha; Father de Smet among the northern tribes west of the Mississippi; Cyrus Byington among the Choctaw; Father Ravalli as priest and physician among the western tribes; a list much too lengthy to enumerate, taken from all Christian religions. In 1832, four Nez Perce Indians came to St. Louis, then the seat of the western activities among the Indians. The story is told that they came in search of the “White Man’s Book of Heaven.” They were feted, and just prior to their return to their home, two of them having died, one of the survivors is reported to have made a speech, the authen­ ticity of which is disputed, but which is well worthy of repetition: “I come to you over the trail of many moons from the •^setting sun. You were the friends of my fathers, who have INDIAN MISSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES 3 all gone the long way. I came with an eye partly open for my people, who sit in darkness. I go back with both eyes closed. How can I go back blind, to my blind people ? I made my way to you with strong arms through many enemies and strange lands that I might carry back much to them. I go back with both arms broken and empty. Two fathers came with us, they were the braves of many winters and wars. We leave them asleep here by your great waters and wig­ wams. They were tired in many moons and their moccasins wore out. “My people sent me to get the ‘White Man’s Book of Heaven.’ You took me to where you allow your women to dance as we do not ours, and the book was not there. You took me to where they worship the Great Spirit with candles and the book was not there. You showed me images of the good spirits and the picture of the good land beyond, but the book was not among them to tell us the way. I am going back the long and sad trail to my people in the dark land. You make my feet heavy with gifts and my moccasins will grow old carrying them, yet the book is not among them. When I tell my poor blind people after one more snow, in the big council, that I did not bring the book, no word will be spoken by our old men or by our young braves. One by one they rise up and go out in silence. My people will die in darkness, and they will go a long path to other hunting grounds. No white man will go with them, and no White Man’s Book to make the way plain. I have no more words.” The United States Government contributed annually to the education of the Indian, such funds passing through the hands of the missionaries, until the year 1870. It was about this time that the Indian country was apportioned among the missionary societies, both of Catholic and Protestant persuasion, each society having its own particu­ lar field of labor, thereby establishing the foundation for the large communities of Indians found in every section of the country in which communities practically every person is found to belong to the same church as his neighbor. In 1869, the first contract school was established, which schools at first consisted only of day schools, later reservation and nonreservation boarding schools being developed. This plan was abandoned in 1900, when the several societies with some exceptions took over their own schools, paying their own expenses. The work in the mission schools consists of training along elementary lines such as is given in the public schools. No professional schools are maintained. However, industrial education is carried on along such lines as agriculture and �4 INDIAN MISSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES INDIAN MISSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES stock raising, the various trades, domestic science, certain branches of arts and crafts, especially those arts which are primarily Indian. Some schools and missions have given a great deal of effort to forward the sale of such articles as are produced by the Indians under their charge, thereby enabling them to earn a comfortable livelihood. At the mission schools, instruction is given along religious lines of the particular denomination having charge of the mission, and the children are expected to attend religiou.s services. Not only are instruction and services held in the strictly mission schools, but in many of the Government reservation and nonreservation boarding schools certain portions of the buildings are assigned by the superintendent 10 the workers from the several churches who may hold services on Sunday, and mid-week instruction may also be given, two hours a week being devoted to the latter work. The transformation of the American Indian, under this tutelage, from a barbarian to a civilized man is regarded as almost miraculous, most particularly when one considers that it has been only within the last half century that in- , tensive training along educational lines has been given by missionary societies. In the early days of the missions, when western land was not so valuable, it was the practice of the missionaries to go among the Indians and take up such quantities of lanu as would be necessary to support their plants, holding these lands, it might be said, by right of occupancy with the consent of the Indian tribes. Later, when the Indian coun­ try was scheduled and allotted to the Indians, the following was incorporated into what is known as the “General Allot­ ment Act.” (24 Stat. L., 390) : “And if any religious society or other organization is now occupying any of the public lands to which this act is appli­ cable, for religious or educational work among the Indians, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to confirm such occupation to such society or organization, in quantity not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres in any one tract, so long as the same shall be so occupied, on such terms as he shall deem just; but nothing herein contained shall change or alter any claim of such society fox' religious or educational purpose heretofore granted by law.” Sundry legislation has authorized issuance of patents for land found to be so used at the time of the legislation. Mis­ sions have been enabled, through this possession, to be practically self-supporting, at least so far as farm products are concerned. The report of the Indian Office shows that in 1923 there were 410 Protestant and 240 Catholic missionaries engaged in work among the Indians, and a total of 41,072 Protestant and 52,316 Catholic church-going Indians attending 991 churches. These statistics do not include the Five Civil­ ized Tribes of Oklahoma, who are largely Protestant. Missionary 5 headquarters Baptist: American Bapti.st Home Missionary Society, 23 East 2Gth St., New York, N. Y. Southern Baptist Convention, Home Missionary Board, 1004 Healey Building, Atlanta, Ga. Woman’s American Baptist Home Mission Society, 276 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Catholic: Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, 2021 H St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Christian Reformed Church: Board of Heathen Missions, Christian Reformed Church, 737 Madi­ son Ave., S. E., Grand Rapids; Mich. Congregational: American Missionary Association, 287 Fourth Ave,, New York, N. Y, Disciple or Christian: United Christian Missionary Society, 1501 Locust St., St Louis, Mo. Evangelical: Central Board of Home Missions, Evangelical Synod of North America, 130 Chatham Road, Columbus, Ohio. Free Methodist: General Missionary Board, Free Methodist Church of North Amer­ ica, 1132 Washington Boulevard, Chicago, Ill. Friends: Associated Executive Committee of Friends on Indian Affairs, 1226 Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa. Lutheran: Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, United Lutheran Church, York, Pa. Mennonite: Board of Foreign Missions, General Conference, Mennonite, Goessei, Kans. Methodist Episcopal: Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of M. E, Church, 17th and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Women’s Home Missionary Society, M. E. Church, Allendale, N. J, Joint Committee on Indian Work of the M. E. Church, 740 Rush St., Chicago, Ill. Methodist Episcopal, South: Board of Missions, M. E. Church South, 810 Broadway Nashville Tenn. Moravian; Board of Church Extension of the American Moravian Church, Bethlehem, Pa. ’ �6 INDIAN MISSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES Presbyterian: Board of Home Missions of the Pi-esbyterian Church, U. S. A., 156 Fifth Ave., New York. N. Y. Executive Committee of Home Missions, 1522 Hurt Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Women’s Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 156 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Protestant Episcopal: National Council of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 281 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. Reformed: Women’s Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church of America, 25 East 22d Street, New York, N. Y. Board of Home Missions. Reformed Church in the United States, 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa, L’nited Presbyterian: Board of Home Missions, 209 Ninth Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Woman’s General Missionary Society, United Presbyterian Church in North America, 95 Trenton Avenue, Wilkinsburg, Pa. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bartlett, S. C,: History of the American Board among the North American In­ dians. Boston, 1878. Barton, Winifred W.: John P. Williamson, a Brother to the Sioux. Chicago: Fleming H. Revell Co. 1919. 269 pp., ill. $1.75. Breck, Chas.; Life of Jas. Lloyd Breck, chiefly from letters written by himself. New York; 1886. Gather, Willa: Death Comes to the Archbishop. New York; A. Knopf. Chittenden, H. M.: Life, Letters and Travels of Father DeSmet among the North Amer­ ican Indians, 1801-1873. New York: Francis P. Harper. 1905. 4 vols., ill. 1624 pp. Copway, George: The Life, History and Travels of Kah-ge-gah-bowh (George Cop­ way), a young Indian chief of the Ojibway Nation, a convert to the Christian Faith, written b5’ himself. Philadelphia: J. Harmstead. 1847. 158 pp. Eells, Myron: History of Indian Missions on the Pacific Coast, Oregon, Washing­ ton, Idaho. Philadelphia; The American Sunday School Union. 1882. Father Eells, or Results of Fifty-five Years of Missionary Labor. Boston-Chicago. 1894. Marcus Whitman, Pathfinder and Patriot. Seattle: Allee Harriman Co. 1909. Ten Years of Missionary Work among Indians. Boston: Pilgrim Press. 1886. Engelhardt, C. A.: The True History of the Missions and Missionaries of California. San Francisco: J. H. Barry Co. 4 vols. 1908-1913. Evans, James: E. R. Young, the Apostle of the North, Revell. 1899. INDIAN MISSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES 7 Finley, James B.: Life among the Indians; edited by D. W. Clark. New York: Meth­ odist Book Concern. History of the Wyandotte Mission at Upper Sandusky, Ohio. Cin­ cinnati. 1840. Heckewelder, John: A Narrative of the Mission of the Moravian Brethren’s Church among the Delaware and Mohegan Indians from 1740 to 1808. Philadelphia. 1820. Hinman. S. D.: Whipple, H. B.: Taopi and His Friends. Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger. 1869. Howe, M. A. DeW.: Life and Label’s of Bishop Hare, Apostle to the Sioux. Sturgis & Walton. 1911. Huebner, Francis C.: The Moravian Mission in Ohio. Washington; Simms & Lewis. 1898. 128 pp. Humphreys, Mary Gay: Missionary Explorers among the American Indians. New York; Chas. Scribner’s Sons. 1913. Jackson, Helen Hunt: Father Junipero and the Mission Indians of California. Boston: Little, Brown & Co, 1902, Johnston, Julia H.; Indian and Spanish Neighbors. Home Mission Study Course (In­ terdenominational). New York: Fleming H. Revell Co. 1905. 194 pp. Kip, W. L: Early Jesuit Missions in North America, compiled and translated from letters of French Jesuits, with annotations. New York. 1847. Kenton, Edna; The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents: Travels and Explora­ tions of the Jesuit Missionaries in North America (1610-1791), with an introduction by Reuben Gold Thwaites. New York: Al­ bert and Charles Boni. 1925. 527 pp., ill. Lindquist, G. E. E.; The Red Man in the United States: An Intimate Study of the Social, Economic, and Religious Life of the American Indian. New York: George H. Doran. 1923. Loskiel, G. H.; History of the Missions of the United Brethren among the Indians in North America. London. 1794. Love, W. Deloss: Samson Occum and the Christian Indians of New England. Boston: The Pilgrim Press. 1899. 379 pp. McAfee, G. F.: Missions among the North American Indians. Woman’s Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church of the U. S. A. McBeth. K. C.: Nez Perce Indians since Lewis and Clark. New York: Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.50. McCoy, Isaac: History of Baptist Indian Missions. Washington: Wm. M. Morrison. 1840. 611 pp. �8 INDIAN MISSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES McSherry, James; Here Jean, or the Jesuit Missionary; A Tale of the North American Indians. Baltimore. 1847. 256 pp., ill. Mitchell, Joseph: The Missionary Pioneer, or, A Brief Memoir of the Life, Labours, and Death of John Stewart (Man of Colour), founder under God of the Mission among the. Wyandotts of Upper Sandusky. Ohio. New York. 1827. Moffet, Thomas C.: The American Indian on the New Trail; or. The Red Man of the United States and the Christian Gospel. New York: The Presby­ terian Department of Missionary Education. 1914. .302 pp. Palladino, L. B.: Indian and White in the Northwest: or, A History of Catholicity in Montana. Baltimore: John Murphy & Co. 1894. 411 pp., map. (Rev. Ed. Lancaster, Pa.: Wickersham Pub. Co. 1922.) Palou, Francisco: Life of Ven. Padre Junipero Serra. San Francisco: P. E. DougbCTty & Co. 1884. 156 pp. Life and Apostolic Labors of the Venerable Serra. Founder of the Franciscan Missions of California; edited by-George Wharton James. Pasadena. 191,3. Parkman, Francis: The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth century. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1902. •Pitezel, John H.; Lights and Shades of Missionary Life: Containing Travels, Sketches, Incidents, and Missionary Efforts, during the nine years spent in the region of Lake Superior. Cincinnati: Western Book Con­ cern. 1860. Pond. Samuel M.: Two Volunteer Missionaries amongi the Dakotas. Boston: Pilgrim Press. Riggs, Stephen R.; Mary and I; or. Forty Years arpong the Sioux. Congregational ■ S. S., £ Pub. Society. 1880. ,388 pp. Tah-koo-walf-kan; or, The Gospel among the Dakotas/ Boston 1869. Shea, John Gilmary: History of the (iatholic Missions among the Indian Tribes of the United. States, 1529-1854. New York: Kennedy. 1899. Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley, with the Orig­ inal Narratives of Marquette, Allouez, Hennepin, and Douay. New York. 1852. 286 pp., map. Whipple. Henry B.: Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate. New York: MacMillan. 1912. 580 pp. Winship. George; Parker: The New England Company and John Eliot; the Ledger and the Record Book of the Corporation for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England and Parts Adjacent, covering the years 16501686; printed from original manuscripts, with introduction by G. P. Winship. Boston. Published for the Prince Society. 1920, ‘ Wynne, J. J.: The Jesuit Martyrs of North America, Isaac Jogues, .John de Brebeuf, and others. New York. 1925. 246 pp., ill., maps. / • �A WHITE INDIAN WOMAN 417 A White Indian Woman During the years from 1889 to 1906, or until the Northwestern railroad was extended from Casper to Lander, the Arapahoe and Shoshone Indians from the Wind River reservation and the Arapahoe sub-agency hauled the freight and supplies from the railroad station at Casper to the reservation, the distance being about one hundred and twenty-five miles. On these trips there were usually from twenty to forty buck Indians and generally about half that number of squaws. During the month of August, in 1900, there came to Casper with one of these bands of Indians a white woman, who wore the usual Indian garb, painted her face as the Indians do and spoke the Indian language, but she could not speak the English language. The woman attracted the attention of some of Casper’s citizens, and it was learned from the white man in charge of the visiting Indians that the woman had been captured by the Cheyennes when she was a child about two years old, and had been raised with and married to an Arapahoe In­ dian named John Brokenhorn. The story was published in the Na­ trona County Tribune, and was copied in a number of western news­ papers. The newspaper article attracted the attention of Mrs. A. M. Cook of Davenport, Iowa, who wrote a letter to the publisher of the Tribune, making further inquiry as to the identity of the woman. Mrs. Cook said she was very much interested in the news, for she was captured thirty-five years before at Rock Creek, Wyoming, and her baby sister, Lizzie, was captured at the same time, but she had not seen her since the night of the capture. Mrs. Cook said that her father was Jasper Fletcher, who came to the United States from England in 1861. They started for California in 1865, there being the father and mother, three sons and two daughters. They left Quincy, Illinois, in May and on the plains the Fletchers united with a train of seventy-five wagons and continued their journey until they reached Rock Creek station in Wyoming territory, thirty-one miles east of Fort Halleck. Just as they had camped for dinner at noon and when the entire Fletcher family was near a stream a little distance from the train, a war party of three hundred Cheyenne Indians sprang up all around them. Mr. Fletcher and his three sons escaped to the wagons. Mrs. Fletcher and her two daughters, the younger, Lizzie, being but two years old, were seized by the Indians. The mother was thrust through the body with a spear, and instantly killed. One of the Indians seized Lizzie, raised her to his saddle and rode off. Her sister saw her once again that day, but never afterwards. Mary Fletcher, the older girl, who was thirteen years of age, was struck with arrows in several places and pulled them out with her own hands. Menimick �4i8 HISTORY OF NATRONA COUNTY was chief of this band and Black Kettle was chief of the tribe. Menimick took charge. One of the leading braves took charge of Mary, and she remained his slave during the whole term of her captivity. Immediately after the capture, the band fled rapidly to the moun­ tains, where the squaws belonging to the band were concealed. There was a white boy with the squaws, who had been captured by the band of Indians in New Mexico. The boy pointed to the valley and cried: “Look! That is the way they serve them all.” The train of wagons was burning and white people were being murdered. In one of the wagons was a ten gallon cask of brandy, and the Indians had drank this and were indulging in a scalp dance, all the Indians being wildly drunk. The scalp dance is one of the most horrible sights that can be looked upon by a white person, and the oldest Fletcher girl, who was being guarded by her captors, was compelled to witness the whole affair. The next morning the Indians tied the girl to a saddle and trav­ eled in an easterly direction. Two days after the capture the band came upon a family named Cackle, who were on their way to Colo­ rado. The Indians took a small child from Mrs. Cackle’s arms and seizing it by the feet, dashed its brains out against the wagon hub. Mr. Cackle, two children and the mother of Mrs. Cackle were killed on the spot, but Mrs. Cackle was carried away. Three nights after the capture, however, the woman was placed against a tree in a sitting position and she was made a target of, her body being pierced by more than a dozen poison-pointed arrows' before her prayers were answered for the ending of her terrible existence. That same week this band of Indians and the soldiers of Fort Laramie engaged in a fight, and dur­ ing the combat a buck Indian stood over the Fletcher girl ready to kill her, should the soldiers get in a position to recapture her. Darkness came on, fighting ceased, and the Indians made their escape. The next morning the white girl’s face was painted red and striped green and black and her hair was colored with soot water, and her eye lashes and eye brows were burned with hot ashes. The girl was compelled to care for fourteen ponies during the day while they were traveling, packing them in the morning and unpacking them at night, and her other duty was to gather wood for the fire that was built every night. The Indian braves rode the ponies during the day and the squaws were compelled to walk, and the girl and the white boy ‘To procure the poison for their arrow heads the Indians would Ike a fresh deer liver and fasten it to a pole, then go to a den of rattlesnakes and poke the liver toward the snakes. The snakes would strike the liver until it was saturated with poison. The liver was then put away until it became thoroughly drv pounded to a fine powder and then placed in a buckskin bag, to be used as they needed’ J • to any moistened surface. The Indians used these poisoned arrow h^ds in their battles, and it was their delight to imbed one of these poisoned points into the flesh of a white man, which meant slow but sure death. �A WHITE INDIAN WOMAN 419 tramped on foot with the squaws. After about six weeks’ traveling the band reached the main village of the tribe, among the mountains in eastern Colorado. When all the bands were assembled there were about four thousand Indians in the village. Here they indulged in war dances, and these dances are described as the wildest orgies in sav­ agery that possibly could be imagined. The bands started out on another expedition after four days of feasting and dancing, and on this journey the squaws would beat and abuse the white girl to appease their anger. During the remainder of the summer and fall and winter and spring that followed the band was continually on the move; they waded and swam the creeks and rivers, struggled through deep snows and endured the severe cold and all kinds of hardships. One day in the early spring while crossing a river the ice broke loose and started rapidly down the stream. The girl was on the floating ice and was unable to escape. She was carried rapidly with the current, and the squaws laughed and danced with glee to see her moving rapidly to her destruction. She finally leaped from the ice into the stream and swam ashore, where she was wel­ comed by the braves as a heroine, but the squaws were jealous of her and treated her with all kinds of indignities. In the spring of 1866, the band came to a white man’s trading camp. A man named Hanger was in charge of the trading camp, and the Fletcher girl walked into his tent, dressed and painted like an Indian girl, and in English asked Hanger if he had any soap. The girl had been ordered to keep out of sight of the white men, but if anything did happen that she should come in contact with them to act as though she was an Indian girl and not to speak a word of English. One of her captors was in the trader’s tent when she came in, and when she asked for the soap, the Indian struck her in the face and knocked her down. She was carried out of the tent and given in charge of the squaws. The squaws were jealous of the white girl and wanted to get rid of her, because she was becoming a favorite among the braves, but they did not dare to kill her. The squaws arranged to take her to the white man’s tent, unbeknown to the bucks. Hanger told the girl that he would buy her from the captors, and in due time he paid the Indians sixteen hundred dollars in cash, one good horse and a gun for her release. The white man then placed the girl in charge of an Indian agent who took her to Fort Laramie, and from there she was taken to Fort Jura, and from there the Forty-eighth Wisconsin infantry took her to Fort Leavenworth, and from there she was sent back to Illinois among friends, arriving in Illinois in Decem­ ber, 1866. A year afterward she was married in Davenport, Iowa, to William E. Cook. �420 HISTORY OF NATRONA COUNTY After her marriage she and her husband went to Salt Lake, where the girl met her father, who informed his daughter that he lay in a ditch two days after the Indians attacked him, and he was badly wounded. Her three brothers all made their escape and two of them went to Colorado and one to California, but until the article was published in the newspaper she had never heard anything concerning her baby sister. In due time Mrs. Cook came to Casper, and from here she went by stage to the Arapahoe sub-agency, where she found the woman and positively identified her as her sister, who was then thirty-nine years of age, having lived with the Indians for thirty-seven years. She was married to John Brokenhorn, an Arapahoe, and a number of children had been born to them. She could not speak English and she dressed and lived like the other squaws. Through an interpreter Mrs. Cook told her sister how she had been captured, how their mother had been killed and how their father and brothers made their escape, and how she herself had been compelled to live with the Indians for sixteen months, and how she made her escape. She wanted her to go back to Davenport with her where she would be cared for, and where she could dress and act like the white woman that she was, but Mrs. Brokenhorn would not go; she declared that she was an Indian, that she was satisfied to live as she had always lived; to call a tepee her home, to wear a blanket, to do the drudgery as all the squaws were doing, and to claim a full-blooded Indian as her husband, and that she could not remember anything about being captured, as her white sister had explained to her. Mrs. Cook returned to Casper alone, and went back to her home with a broken heart. She said that although she had had many bitter experiences, when her sister refused to give up her wild life and live like a woman civilized, it was the hardest blow she had endured since she saw her mother killed by being thrust through the body with a spear by a blood-thirsty Indian. The absolute proof that she was actually a white woman had its effect on Mrs. Brokenhorn, and although she continued to live on the reservation with her husband, she made it plain to the squaws of the tribe that she felt she was of superior birth and was of considerable more importance than the common Indians. That he had a white woman for a wife also elevated Brokenhorn, in his own estimation at least, to a higher plane than his fellow men, and while he, like most of the Indians, seldom made much of an outward display of his emo­ tions, nevertheless he was actually raised to a higher degree than he was before the fact became established that his wife’s parents were of the white race. In fact Brokenhorn felt that he was so great that ��\P ■■ . C '-T*! »-T*. .LA -"■***** /urt' �’^4-vA U jrtP^^ ifju (TxH />v-aAm k^ 'vx^ UX^.^TzJ^ ^<J , ��/v^ 1^ CL Ir-L^— /Jr 7^-. pjta^a^r^ �v ,3em r ^ ^<-C(^4x>4^^/^yo Si ^.JL 'Ti^-r^ ■ Mt ‘Xixxz^ -/C QjL^>dj^^ 1/ /fij ■fSr-lL^ ' f) j /M', Jdj^ tirtt^a ti, ik^A'^ '^l' (y �"Sometimes she spake with those who had seen her beloved and known him. But it was long ago, in some far-off place or forgotten. * 'Gabriel LajeunesseJ' they said; *0 yesi we have seen him. He was with Basil, the blacksmith, and both have gone to the prairies; Coureurs-des-Bois are they, and famous hunters and trappers.' 'Gabriel Lajeunessel' said others; 0 yesl we have seen him. He is a Voyaguer in the lowlands of Louisiana.' Then they would say; 'Dear child I why dream and wait for him longer.'" * * * "All is ended now, the hope, and the fear, and the sorrow; All the aching heart, the restlessness, unsatisfied longing; All the dull, deep pain, and constant anguish of patience I And as she pressed once more the lifeless head to her bosom. Meekly she bowed her own, and murmured: 'Father, I thank thee I"* ♦ * * �[^1,,.^^.-^.^ oA 7/^ 7<^. <7^ c/}- /ii 7^v „ ’ c/^ 'TUV^gTc^ . , /s /O' - Q^tta ih. C9^<-, -. i j'l) !i,^, L^~- . ,, “~ '''^ySlyVC • fVkyxJL ^7 (Ajly^jC^ £:u^ <!\^ ^{,„ i^ e.:^ �.'" J'^rt^. j 6^, 7H^^Ji^^->\y', £^j^ f dcr-u.^^^ jiA.JL-^^ G<r*<-^^ Zto^ erv\yu7{^[ J • '-i.jZ^'. -f— ZrZc^ Orr^A^ i) —A j' ■'*^^'^^, ( tZi, Tb^r-t)-^ x,^ ^ (Z^ »-.- ^*^2 7b^ (2-^ uJ>JLxu_ t/u /VuX^-n^i^ ex, urc^uc ZZZL^ 1 -I ' I 'TU9-<^, , </ urv ,„., ^Jlp, f t^. "^f.^, ac, 'l^fuiU ZvtZc -1^ bO\j<iA ^^-r-&->^ n 6Caxzvc <iL-e,^-c<jnyTj^4!C H. B. No. 17—Page 3 7?C �-^o 'Tz.puc^ J tC /LQrxe,4^(r<Lf a/c (Lo-riAP^ "bi Q~~yx\~-t!cAX o<n^^ ^^Jr^ja,/v\>(-AA>C /’'/\4, yt^,A.,A^jL> <x u.x.yL^ 4</M^ <n^ -to .:c^ u / ~^>‘/<e. '^■^--L^ a<r.^ 0.0^ re s, \y E 'Kef^ ] ‘i^ '}'l^a^>. Om- _ —- �Basil Lajeunesse was one of Fremont’s men, and accompanied the explorer on his first expedition into Viyoming, and was honored by his commander in his selection as one of the party to make the ascent of Fremont's peak . This was pioneer/descended from a numerous family of hunters, trappers and traders. Gabriel Lajeunesse, his uncle, tradition says, was the hero of "Evangeline." Francois, Basil’s brother, was one of the Premont party in 1843. These two brothers are spoken of by old trappers as remarkable mon. They wore not only successful hunters and trappers, but were familiar with the mountains, streams and valleys in every part of incoming. They trapped many years before they met Fremont. Thet were associates of Jim Bridger, Thomas Fitzpatrick and other men of their daiy who made fame and renown as well as wealth in the fur trade. Both of them became permanent residents of Wyoming. In 1858 Basil Lajeunesse estab­ lished a trading post on the Overland Road above Devil's Gate, about 100 yards south of the place where the residence of Tom Sun is now located. He traded with Indians and supplied emigrants who passed through the country, doing a prosperous business. His family lived on a ranch at what is now Ferris, and it was there his children grew up. In 1862 he started to make a trip to Derr Creek for the purpose of trading with the Sioux. He took with him two men and fifteen pack aniipals loaded withgoods. On the way the party was attacked by Indians, Lajeunesse killed and all hisgoods and mules run off. he was married to a Sioux woman and had seveal children. j v Ls'i;. �.Z<,»-^ -•''^i\^Oc''>-^J>^ /^H.fl.*vZ<iv»^ (ZSirr^ ..^i^ >{jb ^'VlAA^Ji^-' C^efX^JLdL .4tjj~'^ii^ ,Z„^y£n’»<.eXcui. -.^'Cu~Zr>-A^ ^uye>jo y^fin^ujy ^c3a^ ...,>^ t.^-- a-^UL, ^^^Jl'U>v\JlAA.Sl—' ^AHrSbo ^ay^SAAjy 0^ Z^^A-AM-. :^0 /{jb c*^>.M||Miil^ -*^<-*vnJl-, .y^ CX*vt Okji^**->^ ~UiuA. cr^ -<aJ ojt cJ(f o^J^A.iAY '^‘iA»4XriA^ CA-^rti^ I 3‘‘-/^ Cik,^<XA>iA^ eK-i-— a^ £xCC/tC«-i^ /’^-*WA»«_ /fJ^ocX” Q^ J^y,.i^y3iJsr>A- ~^k"a- O'^yiZrC -A^cyJ-iJUr a~y' acajeva ^^S-<L<j*t>«<4^ '^^^A*«’'<**«/\->»». ft/l a^ .^■^-e'"^, ’ '^put.yt^inAy^ Ck-oX <9U-«*t<’''2^&X<^ ..^-^^^>■'■^<■0''^ 'TV J^<»t <4’_*_,^.«>t..^>4Cc»>fc--^ .^Cu~O>-iA,cn.,.,^ -Ct^^Ajk �X^sJcA/y --^ z'XAJlJI^-’ -f.-_»_- -_^ ~-^X. -—■ /{.Xu^-v*. -'<^ o^ ^^i^Cb-O -iX^OLZ) ^''^tX't-.'-lZr (e ’1-' «-^d^ <'n_ty^t*^--kj«_ftX.y ^2^ (Kyw^lA/^ .^'''^-ev^^' o». ■><- a^ /XA »Ji-JVyi^ Ct/vco^ <,lX'VM.>>_ _-«_, ^'-(»>^ ^'b-^'***—t Q^ <<2. /'\J~ Oi^c^<. /tJ2*-ft.OAzt^^JL- c<j^^.. -ZA-^^f-tr^ZjLA ^ZXa-zt^^X-A" C(,.><.A»— d“v<sjt/a z^O (^-Cz\>fa»ji.,4j_ ^/Lb.cZ~yj.AA'->‘->'^ fiz^auA_«„ _vQ ai,A'(f-*r‘*A.^ p 0 C> oi^ ck ^-yrcAA- cL /^^^6,<3ao <>A oZ&tA/Y~ Q/^^ CTMOa GiA<^SA>^ JinA-L.^^ CyC'Y^OfA'''-*-’^^^ z''^-A-<-tf^ (s;^ ^^ZiJbS^A.Xj- ^^aCaaJLA^ &A^AlAeji<A ^yu'Lb^»-AA^ , CAa CAACty^ACcZiui-^ ^A.e.x^£LeY^y^ CriAf-. ^CAJi- jC^Ji^b-CZCLaXA^C^ y^^^tA^A ^AXaX a'^A.aO—IaJ^ .^'^iJi^tAZ <X-L«-^ ^^CAaA-Aa^ ^A^i^AtA �Xur<xZ5olc^ "^LCuU-^0-^ .X4<^ .4>«.-tzuA_ C^ t)^ /'bip^; t,t^ . ^ C3»xiz«-c)L --^^Aie /a-<j\<x ^juul^j^k a z^^-ex-o- —- a.A^^— ---------------- (S^ory^, '" <^‘>1 O>^ '^‘*' (2«-^ OU-^ >&^oi Ct/- ?' Q^d Xa -i)> -u^ ,.^,..,r^ cn->— 'JO Ml ~tt> ,^r^ I OSac,. -^- ■— ■i^^:^’-^- MX^ O^axvKflA-OAji^ j e»>^ ^'^-Jj.ix. ■ ayrthrr oM <^70; c<. y(z> I z/Z «<, .^uzirkv^.^ -V^xr*^. ytttrO gjJ2^ a>i^ J^oJ- a^cl ~<^pCu< ^^mV-4^ olt'^ ✓u,-^*^*- «-4^c<J2^ AJLAjrr^ <^^'>*2 /j-.^x-<aJ2a. ^U.--0^ciL ^vuffvTL hdaxr^L ^^yA/<3j\(L> �WOUNDED KNEE BATTLE NEAR PINE RIDGE AGENCY * / Ghost Dance and ’’Medicine Men’’ Who Predicted the Coming of the Messiah Brought on the Conflict * Legend has bequeathed many garbled versions of the Ghost Dance at the Pine Ridge agency and the Battle of Wounded Knee^whxch started on December 29,1690,and continued four days, tri t. (u rtinff untH/^January 1, 1891. Wilson I. Austin, who was a member of the Home Guards of Rushville happened, ’ Nebraska, was on the spot when all the trouble/msiaxMotj His story, written shortly after the unfortunate affair occurred, said that Sitting Bull was killed at Standing Rock while resisting Indian^ police, and not at the Battle of Wounded Knee, as many reports have it. Si Tanka (Big Foot) did not lead the Wounded Knee battle, as^popularly supposed. Big Foot had contracted pneumeonia while he was engaged in the Ghost Dance, having danced all day and all night. He was dragged from the arena unconscious and left on the frozen ground to "cool off," the Indians having a peculiar sense of how to relieve sickness of that nature. Big Foot was ill on a cot in his tepee when the troopers came to escort his band of follow- ers to the agency. He rose up on his bed to askfwhat in the hell they wanted." Colonel E. V. Sumner of the Ei|th Cavalry, tried diplomacy, and talked with Big Foot. The chief said he xvanted to be friendly. In proof of this, he said, S3S of his people surrendered on Decem­ ber 21. But Big Foot proved by his actions that he did not want to be as friendly as he would have the soldiers believe. Then orders were issued to have the chief arrested. Big Foot’s band fled to the ba^ld lands on December 22. Nearly 3,000 troops began at once to close in dn them. On December 28 Major Whiteside of the Seventh Cavalry, found the village on Wounded Knee creek and called on the Indians to surrender. Big Foot tried to parley, and said^"we want peace. I am sick, but when I am well my people will surrender." The two men argued for an hour to no irllI'"TLL.alsh ther-iMWHPwWtve. Meanwhile General L. W..Colby, who commanded the Nebraska militia,^and W. F.,Codv and Little Bat, the lndian interpreter, found on her mother's dead body, oh t:^"Battlefirst of Januray, 1891. This was the fBttrfeh day of.,-theb‘attle. The Ghost Dance trouble among the Indians started with the treaty of 1867. This treaty �■ - 2 - stated that: "to every Indian who came in and settled there, and would be good, were to be provided with rations of food and clothing, which would be issued at stated intervals." The Indians said they understood that this was to be forever, but the government took a different view, and ruled that when an Indian "was producing he would receive no rations." Ten years later the Indians never forgot that situation. They showed their displeasure on every possible occasion. They claimed that the government had not kept faith with them. Then McGuillacuddy, who was superindendent of the Pine Ridge agency, cut down the ra­ tions, according to Orders from his superiors. This made the Indians very angry. Among the I rations issued by the government were clocks, and many other things that the Indians knew nothing about. They were given wagons and told to keep the wheels greased. However, instead of putting the grease on the axels, they rubbed it on th^Jpokes, and really thought that this made the wagons run better. When they learned their mistake, they used the grease for butter. The coming of the "medicine men," however, was the real cause of the Ghost Dance trou­ ble. These "medicine men" clehmed that one of them was the "Messiah." The Indian word for Messiah is Wakantaka, which means God. Some of these "medicine men" were Indians, but most of them were whites. They claimed also to have had visions of th© "happy hunting ground." Among them was one who came to Rushville, twenty-six miles from the Pine Ridge reservation. This "medicine man" wa3=»e#=Scoteii==dws«eTit^=wnd wore his beard in the style of Christ, ’ hile in a state of beastly intoxication he fell and broke his leg. Big Foot (si Tanka) had planned to meet this supposed Christ, but hearing that he was on not coming, he formed a hostile camp and was^his way to join another band of Indians when he was intercepted by the Seventh United States Cavalry, under General Forsythe, at Wounded Knee, fifteen miles from the Pine Ridge reservation. Meanwhile, the''medic ine men', who were well educated and posed as prophets, told their red skin comrades of visions they had of the white man being pushed back and the return of the happy hunting ground. The buffalos were to return, they predicted, and the Indians T/ere to reign supreme. It was a tempting vision, and the Indians accepted it. These "medicine men" had invented a '^host shirt," made of cloth with holes cut for the head and hands. Some of these shirts were highly ornamented, but others were simply common cloth, "womdiheca waci, which interpreted, means ^spirit dance." Ghost dances, they �- 3 were called, and were held all day and all night in a nearly air-tight tepee. In the center of these tents the medicine men placed r/jhot atones, and dashed water over them. Into that hot inferno an Indian was told to go and dance until he saw "visions." Some braves danced all day and all night, and only stopped when unconscious, and were dragged out to cool off on the frozen ground. They then told of the "visions" they had seen. Probably they did see "visions," Who wouldWt? The exposure after the dance led to many cases of pneumonia. And among the number that contracted the disease was Big Foot, the chief of the band. So at the time of the battle of Wounded Knee, Big Foot, a victim of the dance fever, was on his cot and did not load his men, as was stated at the time. Meanwhile, the Seventh Cavalry, under Colonel Forsythe, and the Ninth Infantry, from advanced to within hailing distance of the encamped tribesmen.^Colonel Forsythe and Big Foot had a parley and the efforts of the officer to get the Indians to give up their arms and submit in peace to an escort to the agency met with fail­ ure. The Indians were under the spell of the'medicine men and refused to listen. Big Foot was profane in his accusations, and called the troopers "tu we wahtesni'(damn rascals) and told them to go to "wakan-sicati" (the Indian's hell). Big Foot considered him­ self a great orator, and he did himself proud on this occasion. He swore in Indian and in English, and in every language he knew. The chief was employing strategy in his parley, for he knew that if his band were able to reach the "bad lands," which at the time was their destination, it would be almost impossible for the troopers to dislodge them. His tribes­ men were composed of remnants of the "olyotanke tatankabodoka" (Sitting Bull) band, that was broken up several days before when Sitting Bull was killed by Indian!^ police while re­ sisting arrest. The "bad lands," almost indescribable, were impregnable. Just a dim view may be had, if one thinks of New York city as being several times larger than4 then imagine the streets and alleys strewn with huge rocks, several hundred feet high. Explorers in the "bad lands always plant flags on their trail, as it is almost impossible to tell directions, even by compass, as the lava deposits which make up the terrain deflect the instrximent. There are cases in some parts where there is an abundance of grass, but the water in many of the pools is poisonous. �- 4 Colonel Forsythe had detailed Captain Wallaoe to search the tepees of Big Foot’s hand. TShen the captain approached on his errand he was met by an Indian carrying a flag of truce. The Indiar^ smiled and extended his hand. Little Bat, the Indian interpreter, saw that the Indian was reaching out his left hand, and cried out to Captain Wallace to "look out.’" But it was too late. The IndiariS emissary had drawn a wr club from his blanket and struck the captain over the head, killing him instantly. (Several years later Little Bat was killed on the streets of Crawford, Nebraska. When he was killed he was not armed ft and was living as a peaceable citizen. The tough who shot him bragged that he had "beat Little Bat to the draw^^ but the citizens of Crawford soon put a stop to this.) Immediately after the killing of Captain Wallace. 120 Indian bucks drew up in threeT'*'^^^ facing the cavalry. The Indians were wearing their "ghost shirts" ubder their blankets, the "medicine men" havii:^ told then that no white man's bullet could pierce these shirts, Many of the Indians had participated in the Custer massacre, and it was said that the troopers "had it in for them." This was not true, for the officers argued for hours, try­ ing to get the Indians to give up their arms, even after the shooting. They were implored to bring al}, their firearms, twenty at a time, and the Indians evidently accepted the pro - posal. The first twenty, however, iReturned, bringing only two guns. The next twenty did but little better, and the officers, seeing that the arras were not being brought up, gave the order to search the Indiahs. As soon as the search began, the "medicine men" began to chant in the Indian tongue. The first Indian searched had no gun, but the next one had a sawed-off shot gun under his blanket and refused to give it up. During ths struggle for this gun it was discharged, and then the battle was on. The Indians threw off their blankets, revealing sawed-off shot guns they had hidden, and were in readiness for the battle. The Indians fired the first volley, as is shown by the following letter: Seventh Cavalry, Fort Bliss, Texas. January 16, 1924. Wilson I. Austin Norfolk, Nebraska. • Dear Sir: ^?I am inclosing notes of the battle of Wounded Knee, - ade by Chaplain McMurray, of the history division. Major General Melson A. Miles, commanding the division, was at Rapid City, South Dakota, exercising command of the forces in. the field. Brigadier General John N. Brooks, in field and made all military preparations at the Pine Ridge agency, fifteen miles from Wounded Knee. Some malcontents had formed a "hostile camp." Big Foot was making �- 5 for this camp when he was overtaken by Colonel James Forsythe, of the Seventh United States Cavalry at Viounded Knee. Every precaution was taken to protect the squaws and papooses—they were placed in a separate camp, about one-fouth of a mile from the bucks. Cause of the battle was the rfusal of the Indians to give up their guns, and the firing by the Indians on the troopers. The first volley was fired by the Indians toward their squaw camp. The Indians then turned and fired point blank at the troopers. The Indians were armed with sawed-off shot guns that they had hid under their blankets. The battle was fought December 29, 1890. The burial party, a few days later, buried 146 bodies. Twenty-one were buried later in the trench at Wounded Knee. When the Indians fired point blank, the troopers dropped to the ground to make room for the artillery. The Indians re­ treated right toward the squaw camp, thu§ making it impossible to discriminate. "Fjtz Hugh "Commanding the’^ Seventh cKrolry, "Fort Bliss, Texas." It was generally supposed, on account of the position of the troops, many of the troop­ ers were killed by their own comrades. Colonel Forsythe was court martialed later for bad disposition of the troops, but was acquitted, as he should have been, for no mortal could have seen that the Indians would retreat toward their squaw camp. At the battle the Indians saw for “the first time, explosive shells. They succeeded in reaching a dry canyon, however, where they picked off troopers at will. They were finally dislodged, but with a loss of sixty troopers. Thus ended the battle of Wounded Knee, regretted by both the whites and the better class of Indians. Some of the striking events of the battle were; V/hile Phillip WeIls-While, Indian, interpreter of the Seventh Cavalry, was endeavoring •f ht fn to persuadeyito surrender, his nose was cut off. The writer has a photograph of General L. W. Colby, on the back of which is written,by Colby, these words: "Zitkala Nuni (Lost Bird) Indian baby girl, found on the Wounded Knee battlefield, by the side of her dead mother, on the fouth day after the battle, and adopted by me. She was given the Christian name of Marguerite Elusabeth, after the wives of the two Asay brothers, storekeepers at the Pine Ridge agency. She was frozen on her hands, feet and head, but has entirely receovered. Si Tanka (Big Foot) band was largely made up of the remnants of Sitting Bull's band, of which Big Foot .doubtless one. If so. Lost Bird is an 'Unk Papa Teton Sioux'." L. W. P^lby, 1891. Lost Bird, lovable as a baby, had an interesting and checkered career. When she was fourteen years of age she ran away and married an Italian in California. The Italian died and then Lost Bird married a Cherokee Indian. She separated from him and then married a white civil engineer, named Allen. All in all she faced the altar five different times, and no doubt would have married oftener, but death overtook her at Hanford, California. When she died she was in her thirty-fifth year. Before going to California, she had jourthe neyed to/Cheyenne reservation to see Pretty Voice, and Julia Pretty Voice, her supposed parents. She remained there about a year. It has been proven that Pretty Voice and Julia were not her parents. General Colby, Wm. F. Cody and Little Bat, the Indian interpreter. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 2-F Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1924 1928 1935 1939 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Dell Ward Department of the Interior Office of Indian Affairs Description An account of the resource This letterbox contains the following: a bulletin from the Department of the Interior Office of Indian Affairs titled "Indian Missions of the United States" from 1928, notes from Alfred J. Mokler regarding the Lajeunesse family, an account of Charles Lajeunesse from Alfred J Mokler written on June 16, 1935, a short biography of Basil Lajeunesse, a letter from Dell Ward to his sister discussing Basil Lajeunesse from May 26, 1939, an account of "Wounded Knee Battle Near Pine Ridge Agency" from the Seventh Cavalry on January 16, 1924 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Subject The topic of the resource Indians of North America Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Wounded Knee Massacre, S.D., 1890 Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/24c63fc44c2e92d581bd7dd2193d693c.pdf 5e31dd1a102ae032fdd48ca3fb820e90 PDF Text Text The question has often been asked how the town of Greybull and the river hard by L wore gibon such a strange appelation. There are several versions, but I will tell you of an old legend, and I will tell it to you as it was told to me in the summer of 1901 while C. H. Townsend and I were traveling by team and buokboard through the Big Horn country. Readers of thia interesting and informative daily column may take it for what it ia worth—believe it or not, as you wish. * ♦ ♦ This is the story: In the very, very early days a gray buffalo bull ranged in the Absaroka valley, along what is now known as the Greybull river, feeding on the luscious grasses of the broad, verdant meadows. In this valley ranged wild animals of many kinds, because there was always an abundance of feed, and the water was good. This was the only gray bull that had ever been seen in that part of the country by the red men. It was considered a good omen. ♦ » ♦ Arapooish, chief of the Crow tribe, who had possession of the vast Absaroka domain issued an edict that the extraordinary animal, which excited so much wonder and admira> tion among his people, should not be molested or harassed in any way. In honor of the bull Arapooish named the stream of water in the valley "Greybull," After a number of years, as must all living things, the bull died. The carcass was skinned and the pelt was made into a beautiful rug for Arapooish, which was placed in the center of the great chief’s tepee. Only the most honored guests were allowed to tread upon it. • ♦ * In a very few months after the death of the deeih ef the bull, which had been held in such high reverence and awe, hard luck, disater and death overtook the Crow tribo. Came the Sioux, the Cheyenne, the Blackfoot and the Pawnee Indians from the east and the south. The Absaroka country and the Crow tribe wore encircled by the invading enemy. Hany of the Arapooish fighting men were killed. Their horses were stolen and several hundred Crow children were carried away. Young squaws were captured and forced to become the wives end slaved of the hated Sioux and their allies. ♦ ♦ ♦ Forced to retreat, after many moons of hard fighting, Arapooish and what was left of his people, established themselves on land farther to the north. The invaders took possession of the Absaroka country end held it for many years. Although, by conquest, the ownership of the rich hunting ground was changed to the Sioux and theiriallies, the name of the stream given by the Crow chieftain, remained unchanged. * * * Later came the white man from the east, far beyond the 'ather of the Waters. The great government these pale faces represented gave to the rod man allotments, annuities, reservations, pensions, chatties, schools, missions, liberty, and everything under the �- 2 - sun that could be given for their comfort, happiness and convenience, in exchange for their hunting grounds, which were now almost depleted of game. The red man accepted the generous gifts from the Great V^hite Father, but they wanted to "eat their cake and still have it." It cost the United States givernment billions of dollars end the lives of more than a million white men, women and children to convince the red man of his error. * • * After years and years of warfare between the Indians end the United States government, the Absaroka country, the fertile valley and the placid stream in the Big Hom Basin re­ tained the name given it by the Crow chieftain, Arapooish. « * * Translated from the Crow language, Absaroka, means sparrow hawk, or the land of the Crow. The Cx*ow tribe was not numerous, end probably did not number more than 10,000 in their most flourishing days, but their land was the richest hunting ground in the Great Northwest country, and it was considered the most pleasant place in the vast Rocky Moun­ tain region to live. The Crow Indinas were physically and morally the best of the West­ ern Indians, and in proportion to their numbers they possessed more and better horses than any of the other tribes. • ♦ ♦ Absaroka was the valley and watershed of the Big Horn and the Little Big Horn rivers, and it extended considerably to the eastward, including the valleys of the Rosebud, Tongue, Powder, Sweetwater and Platte rivers, as well as a strip of territory on the north bank of the Yellowstone. Arapooish was chief of the Crow tribe for many years, and in addition to being friendly to the whites, he was always loyal to his own people and their country. That he was possessed of great wisdom may be judged frcm the following eulogixan: » * ♦ "The Crow country," he said, "is a good country. The Great Spirit has put it ex­ actly in the right p>abe. While you are in it you fare well; whenever you go out of it, whichever way you travel, you fare worse. If you go to the south, you have to wander over great, barren plains; the water is warm and bad, end you meet the fever and ague. To the north it is cold; the winters are long end bitter; with no grass you cannot keep horses there, but must travel with doge. What is a country without horses.* On the Colum­ bia they are poor and dirty; they paddle about in canoes, and eat fish. Their teeth are worn out; they are always taking fish bones out of their mouths. Fish is poor food. To the east, they dwell in villages; they live well, but they drink the muddy water of the Missouri—that is bad. A Crow's dog would not drink such water. About the forks of the Missouri is a fine country; good water; good grass; plenty of buffalo. In summer it is almost as good as the Crdw country, but in winter it is cold; the grass is gone, and there is no salt weed for the horses. • * * r V** The Crow country is exactly^the right place. It has snowy mountains and sunny pl»i«5^* �all kinds of climates and good things for every season. When the summer heats scorch the prairies, you can draw up under the mountains, where the air is sweet and cool, the grass fresh, and the bright streams come tumbling out of the snow-banks. There you can hun^ the elk, the deer, and the antelope, when their ekins fre fit for dressing; there you will find plenty of white bears and mountain sheep. In the autumn, when your horses are fat and strong from the mountain pastures, you can go down into the plains and hunt the buffalo, or trap the beaver on the streams. And when winter comes on, you can take shelter in the woody bottoms along ths rivers; there you will find buffalo meat for yourselves, and cot­ tonwood bark for your horses; or you may winter in the Wind River valley, where there is salt weed in abundance. Tes, the Crow oountzy is eaakly in the right place. Everything good is to be found there. There is no country like the Crow country." * ♦ ♦ It was some time after the Crow Indians lost possession of their valuable lands that Port Reno and Port Phil Kearny were established, and soldiers were stationed at these posts for the protection of ths white people who were passing through that part of the country over the Bozeman Trail, but the Sioux and the Cheyenne stole their horses end killed the defenseless emigrants, who believed that the Indians would respect the ft treaties signed at Fort Lramie by the heads of the different tribes. These forts were as cities of refuge in a boundless wilderness, but it was not long until the hostile such Indians had congregated iiv'great numbers that the soldiers and forts were attacked by large bands of Indians, which finally resulted in the Petterman massacre. * * * * in* * this *perti *ef *the *eewntry *wae 1‘absndened *by * the *white *peep le * * When I made my first trip into the Big Horn country a few months more than forty- two years ago there was no town of Greybull, and only a few Bettered settlements in that vast territory. The land where the thriving little city of Greybull now stands was as free as the sky above and primeval as the redman's trail. It was still a wilderness. But in the space of two score years flourishing settlements throughout the Big Horn Basin have developed into bustling trade centers. Their patterns of paved streets, public squares, comfortable homes, substantial business blocks, factories, modem school build­ ings and churches ^ave advanced by stages into numerous little cities of charm and beauty. �Block Precinct Street oa CD CD CD tXl CD oa KCD CD � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 2-E Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Papers Description An account of the resource This Letterbox contains an article titled Greybull, which is about the origins of the town of Greybull. The author writes about the Crow tribe and the story as it was told to them in 1901. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/cdc6c9d201a9c32433d346ddc97db42d.pdf 776af32dc3aa61021e189669e9bac686 PDF Text Text 1 Wyoming State Journal, Lander, Wyoming, Jan. 25, 1933 >4"' ceased to fall and the wi^ -was f* less furious.-. Mr. Ryder, .there­ frozen but her hand.s, feet and ! face were quite badly frosted and for, although badly frozen,,'a.gain [ the awful ordeal thru which she A set out in a last heroic attempt t had passed had completely unf to. secure help. In this effort he , nerved her. She, however, re­ 5 succeeded in reaching the. Dry | sponded at once to the rest and i Sandy station, but he was .’in al care accorded her at the Dry ^ terribly exhausted condition and Sandy station and it seemed that waa able to give to the stock fen­ she would recover. Several days Stage Drivers Worked Heroically to Get Thru der,. John Thorn, -little informa- I passed before her family at South ❖ With Passengers Who Suffered Greatly tion as to where he had left his! Pass learned of her plight, b,ut as ■ * passenger, Maggie Sherlock and I soon as the roads had been igain (By Peter Sherlock of South Pass) the horses and sleigh. Mr. Thorn, I opened to travel, her stepfather, however, gained some idea of James Smith, went out to Dry where the sleigh had been left, I Sandy and brought her home, ar- j riving with her at South Pass on ! While, the fi.rst half , of the win­ bearings, he set out again. Short­ and with a fresh team of horses, February 11th. After her return ' ter of 1882-3 in Wyoming, had ly after the second start was he at once started out in quest of home she continued to improve for i not been marked by the usual se­ made, the wind Increased in ve­ the .missing girl. After searching several days, giving rise to fond ; vere December and January locity, the snow fell faster and the for some time, Mr. Thorn finally hopes on the part of the faoiily storms, there had been a number storm assumed the proportions of • saw the seat of the sleigh,, pro i truding from, a deep snow, .drift ; and friends that she would iiot , of light falls of snow and the I a blizzard. i only be completely restored 1 to i weather, for the most, part, , had [ George Ryder was a young man, and removing the seat of;, the complete health but that her been cold and disagreeable, but! a Texan by birth, who had come J sleigh and digging down into, the hands and feet would also l^a up to January 3.0th, 1883, the i north during the summer of 1882 snow beneath it, he found .MagWhoozit No. 142 saved from the surgeon’s knil^ snow which- had accumulated on ! and he was therefore unacquaint­ ; gie Sherlock, wrapped in a buffa­ the ground, had not reached such i ed with the rigorous winter cli- lo robe, still alive, but in a semi­ could and after proceeding about There hopes, however, were d™j! Adepth zirtf 1^ rtasei +toi-i make rr* a V Q it-necessary i 4co . fO'c! mate of Wyoming. Soon after | condition. He extrifl a mile, he came upon Mr. Stuart fined to be creully crushed as t^^ J. L. Sanderson & Co. then oper- j making the second start from the I cated ,lhe sleigh from the snow, a'a lying in a bed of a deep gulch, al­ ! period of recovery was follow®! ating a stage line, furnishing mall ( Dry Sandy station, he again lost 'speedily as possible and hifching i most burled in snow and in an al- ( by a sudden change for the worsH and passenger service between the the road and he became so be- the team to it, he returned with ! most unconscious condition. With until on February 21st, deal® town of Green River, on the U. P.-■ wlldered by the blinding storm, the girl to the pr^l Sandy station ! great difficulty Mr. Manning suc­ claimed her as its shining mark.H R. R. and Ft. Washakie, 150 miles that he had no idea where he was ■Where/ Mrs. Thorn received her ! ceeded in reviving him and in get­ ! 'W. J. Stuart and Al Doughert® to the northward, .andy serving, en or what course to pursue to pro­ and tenderly chred for her, for ! ting him to Pacific Springs sta­ /were taken to Green River as sooiw route, the towns Of South Pass, ceed on his way, or to return to several ' days, until she could be tion where first aid ti-eatment was ! as possible after the roads hadB Atlantie-C it y :and. rLanide r,-. :to-'in ake-.'■ the'shelter of the station at Dry rernoved to her home in South ' applied to his feet, hands and face I been opened. Mr. Stuart received! which were found to have been ■'' ' attention at Green River! the usual winter change in mode Sandy. He drove about for some Pass. '/' *■’ of conveyance, from spring wagons hours but made little headway be­ I and Mr. Dougherty was sent to at The .stage for South ^ass left I terribly frozen. to sleighh On Jan. 30th. howev- cause of the snOw which the wind the station at, Big Sandy , pn the i Mr. Clark, like Mr.. Scott, per- ! hospital in Laramie, Both ultl- i or, a heavy snow storm set in now blowing at a terrific rate, evening of Jan. 30th with a man ! ished in the effort to reach safety. ihately recovered, but Mr. Stuart [ along the line of this route and'as .had piled in huge drifts through by' the name of Scott as driver and Mis body was found little more lost both hands, portions of both i the stor'm' Continued throughout which the horses drawing the William V. Clark, a ranchman of ' than a mile frOm Pish creek, feet, his nose and both ears, and J the night tand ■was unaccompanied .■sleigh, floundered with great dif- the Lander valley, as passenger, i where the sleigh was abandoned, Mr. Dougherty had one foot am­ by wifid,^ the show lay Where it ;: flculty,: Night had closed in and The snow which had been falling! but buried in a deep drift of snow, putated above the ankle and the' fell, with the result, that by naofn- imi>enetrable darkness added to all day and which continued to-1 it "was not discovered until several other at the instep. He also lost ! ng of Jah. 31st. hilltop And low- the blinding fury of the storm; the fall throughout the night, com­ weeks after the tragedy. portions of most of the fingers of ; .ahd were blanketed twith hnow to _ temperature; too, had dropped pletely obliterated the track and ! The stage scheduled to leave both hands. Both men were there-! V depth of Over 12'inhheg; " rapidly and the cold had become as darkness closed in, the driver; the station . at Bi^ Sandy , for Green fore hoplessly crippled for the re-! i The schedule on the Green Rlv- intense. In spite of the intense lost the road and wandered about ! River dti’ the mOfUing of January malnder of their lives. 5r, Ft,. Washakie stage line call- cold, the- smothering snow with making little headway, until morn- 31st, with Al DOugherty as driver, Wyoming has long been noted 3d- for the trip, one way, to be which the air was laden, was ex­ ing, With daylight, the road was delayed startiiig for several hours as ,a land of rigorous winters . ^ave been the blizzards hade in 36 hours and this was di­ tremely wet, this being a charac­ located and the stage proceeded awaiting the arrival Of the stagej vided into three drives of about teristic of the north east blizzard, on its way toward South Pass, ar­ : due from South Pass, but as the that have swept over the moun­ 10 miles each, these being a ^day |I and the wet snow, driven by the riving at Pacific Springs . about i South'Pass stage failed to arrive, tains and across the prairies tak­ I fierce wind, adhered tenaciously noon Jan. 31st, where Mr. Stqart Mr. Dougherty started for Green ing their toll of human lives and Jrlve between . Green River 'and < 3ig Sandy, a night drive hetween j to whatever it came in contact boardeil it to return to South.,; River in the afternoon. He ----had leaving widespread destruction in . Jig Sandy and South Pass and a. Vflth .and ,^t,, once fornie^ a Pass; there were therefore on the i Proceeded on his way Only about their wake, but never since the ! iay drive between South Pass and ! sheet of ice. To face such a stage leaving Pacific Springs for j ®®von miles when the blizzard I! earliest white settiers entered this : i;t. Washakie. ! lt.-had however, storm was. a human impossibility South Pass, Mr. Scott, the driver,/ struck him and so fierce was the !: section has it been visited by a that he.was unable to either ii blizzard equal in intensity, duraP^'actice of the stage com- and’ to 'travel' with it, through Mr. Stuart, superintendent of the ! )any to discontinue the night deep drifts of snow,' in impene- stage company and Mr. Clark, the [SO forward or return to the Big !j tion and fury to that of 1883. No '.five, during fhe. winter, months;’^Wable darkness, and t with Uhe :air passenger. Mr. Scott had sug- j Sandy station, and to remain record is available of the temper- j ereby increasing the time . re- J thick,.with whirling, wind-driven gested that the stage lay over at ."^i’ere he was seemed a;imost cer-!! ature which prevailed thruout the ired for making the through, snoyv, was almost equally impos­ Pacific Springs until the tblldwing | tain death. He knew that the Big !I storm, as no one in the region to .60 hours, but because of sible. Under these frightful con­ morning, as he and Mr. Clifk were i Sandy river, on which the stage !I where the blizzard reached its absence of serious, snow ditions, the team driven by Mr. weary from a sleepless night and ! station bearing that name was sit- greatest intensity, was provided s up to the last week in Jan- Ryder became exhausted and day of travel, and signs of the im-J uated, ran two or three miles to with a spirits thermometer, but 1883, this change from sum-' when he drove into a depression, pending blizzard were already in the west of the point he had reach­ it.is known that the temperature to winter schedule had not, filled yVith snow, he waS unable evidence, but Mr. Stuart insisted ' ed with the stage, and he there­ was far below zero as the mercury Igne into effect. The storm.' t0 urge the horses forward and on proceeding on the way to South ' fore decided to make an effort to in the ordinary thermometers des­ ^lary 3ofh prevented ttie arr", tj)pre.' the sle,igh remained until Paas, saying that as the road had ! r^.<lb...t.h.e strga.m hoping , that he cended into the bulbs and Just been staked the remainder of ! mig’llf tiien be able to fbliow 'up mained frozen for two days. Sii g* South Pass of the stage the/s,torm was over. ^eft Pt. Washakie that ■ ' It is proHabla that Mr. Ryder, the trip could be made without the streani ',to th,e station. He ac­ ! the time of this blizzard it 1 cordingly unhitched the horses and and was due to arrive ,at like most persons after becoming serious difficulty, ■ been the practice of old settl ss In the. evening and be-' lo^t; had traveled, for the most The furious north east blizzard with a Arm hold on-the traces he' ! in discussing any storm of unu the failure of the Ft., pirt, in a Circle, as the place where was encountered shortly- after the., v---scveiny severity to Compare it with , ■St stage to arrive the stage ''his sleigh was found after the stage left Pacific-Springs and al-: tng westward, with the storm hn,,.,rd nf isss Fifty Years Ago Many Pioneers Lost Lives When Exposed to the Terrible Cold in the BLIZZARD OF 1883 �^^^T^nd .gloomy, ine sl^ ^^Vvily pvercas},_and snow was^, which the stage road pa’^ed ’and^ Pass, but the .storm .had , now travel up stfCarh. He finally go' BR^bt^t there was no wind ai],d he was therefore unable to recog­ reached its. height and the worn this, question straightened out ii nize the gulch and to take advan­ out horses could no longer be in-1 his rnind, hut found that in ordei |n.empevature, was soriiewhat ----- " tage of of making wt it XV as I*u a *-> means — - c3 UUVCM to duced LU face X<XVC: it. it. X'Xg 11 V' had Night ’ilCvVl come! VVUltJS to follow Up the stream oviv^Clllt he IIC woUlc TVWUXV *^jve normal for that time ef -- - Sandy station, qj^ and inky darkness added ■ to j he cohipelled to face the storm t< [,'It was therefore thought! his’Way to the Dry 'Kio Tl 1 1 and Fti O M .1. v _ . . _ . . n .1 ■ j __ . • 2 tj rSi TVl /S ' ' ici v+ ' ‘a « J ' X V 1 _ ' 1 ■ L. [thereby saving his own/nXTlife Ryder, driver of„ the,■. that “ ,■ ,lady , passenger the, horrors of the situation. The j ®h.uie extent' and[ this he was un ini-en. George ~ of the young three men held a[ hurried consul, hble able to ,do. ,dq.[ He therefore decidec ’jge 'le'ft South Pass for Big San- I who ahardd his awful plight. tatidh, in which it was decided to remain, where he was and hj that morning that he would Jjite the 'drive without serious- ■ ; Throughout the night of ' Jan. that to. face the storm for the dis- rlgprous exercise escape freezins ..ijjfticUlty. He had with him, as,■^ist the blizzard raged with un- tance of 4 tniles to the town of until the storm had abated. The J passenger,’Maggie Sherlock, the. ■dilmihlshed ' fury. Maggie Sher­ South Pass wpuld be a physical , h’-'y ^iP^ along the east side o, lock"Was wafnfljr clad an'd_ well impossibility, but they thought'* : the. ’’'' riyer hfdhe the wind, to somt eighteen year old daughter'qf Mrs. provided with wraps and crouch ­ [extent, and a'patch Of willows that they might be able to retrace j>.net Shiith, of South Pass, who [ growing along the banks of the plahhed ’ gotn^ to Salt Laite City ing in the box of the sleigh, she their steps traveling with the (fherO she intended atteudlng protected herself, ad best she storm, and reach the shelter of stream furnished a little proeccould, from the bitterly cold wind the station at Pacific Springs eight tion. He thought of trying tc school. ' W'. J." Stuart, the super­ intendent Of the'stage company, and the whirling snow: JJt. JRyd- miles distant. They unharnessed start a fire but in that hurricane er unhitched the horses and he the worn out horses and turned of wind and with the air a mass was also on the outgoing stage ,'ind the stagewas loaded to ca­ spent the night in walitfng back them loose and they then set out of. wet. driving snow, he knew that pacity, wifh'''fcuridies of long wil- andforth, beside the sleigh, in an to battle for their own lives in he .ivquld never be; able to get a 10ws^ which Mr,...Stuart, intended effort to keep;.up circulation and an effort to reach Pacific Springs. fife s.farted; therefore, fastening using to [stake, .t^e^ tqad ajs he went withstand the penetrating death- 1 For a time the two men remained the ends of the traces of the hardealing " cold.? Both fervently J_ _ of the ______________ at_one stakes alongside the hess Oh'one of the horse’s together along, from Hq^'th [Pass to. Pacif­ hoped that-with the light of day j poad while the other weqt forward, and funning his.arm thru the loop ic 'Spriii'g^ th’e'..fir3t[ .atatiqn Out - the - pext stake,.! - ' thus formed he. drove the horse fromi. Soti'l:h ,[Fais. . The ^ '['distance the storin' would abatef.and that: until he had- found of .Pacific fepriiigs ffpni [ South they would then be-able'to reach i when he would call td his two rbefpfe him thru the snow alongPass' was 'afou't'.'12 ’’milesi'. The shelter, or that _help.--woUld come companions and when 'they had [side the 'patch of willows oh the staMrt.g"[.d'7th®. whs done by to them, but theTnorning of Feb., come up to him he would again I hahk of the stream and forward pla’nting. 'a if>lllp^*'.upfight‘in the 1st broke with no cessation lir the go forward and locate the next! and back he drove and, followed sndV," ^!' iiife'rvals’’of '26[['Or .30 fury of the elements and the storm stake, but as the progress made [ and stumbled'afUf the horse thrufeet, along the side or the road continued with undiminished in­ in this way was, very- slow and as [ piit the night and the next day and and the purpose was to enable the | tensity throughout that day and Scott and Clark felt ■ that they f the night following, until at last stage dri^r .to follq^ the road in the night which followed. Dur­ could not long endure the terrific; on Fehruafy 2nd the storm modsevere storm ~or when the track ing the day, Mr. Ryder made sev­ storm, they set out Saying the [ efated. had become obliterated bjr, heavy eral futile attempts to make his case was one in which each man,' Al Dougherty was a young man falis of sno'W.' This was the first way to the Dry Sandy station, but should strive to save himself, an(li of powerful physique, but his trip for the winter of ,a sleigh ov­ each time, he returned to the leaving Stuart who because of his hands and feet were badly frozen anxious buffalo overcoat and heavy cloth­ and he was nearly exhausted by er'th.e road and'its prdgrOss was sleigh, to report to his retarded, to some extent, by the passenger, the failure of his ef­ ing was unable to keep pace with the terrible experience thru which work of Staking the road .and the fort; he also got Miss Sherlock on them. None of the three men he, had passed. He therefore depth Of the nfe'W unpacked snow. one of the horses and mounting succeeded in reaching - Pacifi<| realized that if he would save his • life,he must seek aid without de­ It -was therefore nearly noon when the other horse himself, they Springs during the storm, On February 2nd Rafter thq day, and with this end in view, he the station at Pacific Springs was started out, hoping to be able to on reach the Dry Sandy station blizzard had subsided,sJoe Johnl started up the stream driving the reached. [ [" '” HCre ilTr. ■Stuart remaihed in­ horseback; but this too proved un­ son, the stocktender ^t * Pacifii i horse before him and clinging tc successful and returning to the Springs started on foot’ifor South i the traces of the harness as he had tending to await the incoming remain Pass and a short distanch, from the done for the proceeding forty stage and to. return, with it, to sleigh, they decided to there until the storm had passed, South Pass. A change of horses [ road on top of the dividC between hours, but the snow was deep and which they accordingly did. Pacific Springs and the Sweetwater! .horse and man were worn out alfor the outgoing stage, was had 'With the dawn of day, on Feb. rlver. about three and one halt mostto the point of collapse, at Pacific Springs and’the driver, Mr. Ryder, with his youfig lady 2nd, the storm gave signs of miles from Pacific Springs, hi therefore, progress was slow. passenger, proceeded on their way breaking. The cold was still in­ found.the trozen and lifeless body ;Mai|y times; the struggling man for the next drive of 11 miles, to tense, but the snow had almost of Scott. Loyal Manning, also ai lost his hold on the traces and employee of the stage company a| fell in the snow, but with desper­ the station at Dry Sandy. This Pacific Springs had left the stai ate tenacity, he each time regained drive was made without serio-us tiOh a short time after the depart his feet and again securing his incident’, but travel Was slow be­ ture of Mr. Johnson and made hij^ hold on the - traces he once more cause of the constantly increasing way to the top of the divid^ moved slowly forward. Within defith of the sndw which had con­ toward Sweetwater, thinking thaj two hundred yards of the station, tinued to fall throughqhf the day. he might possibl}^.; find spuieon^ ' at Big Sandy, he fell and it seem­ By the time the Dry Satidy station had been reached, the day was [ who had been caught in the storr^ ed to him that the end of the well Spent, and to add to the [ and who would be in need of a^ struggle had been reached as he gravity of’ the situation, a strong ! sistance. When he had reached was now so utterly exhausted that north east wind had sprung up ! a high emminance,'comm,anding d he could not regain his feet, he and the snow had commenced to good view of the surrounding however, made one desperate ef­ drift. It would have been the country, he saw on a. hillside some fort and crawling on his hands and part' of wisdom for’the driver to distance off to the north west ft knees reached the station in that have remained at the Dr'S; Sandy dark object. He started toward way. station until the storm had abated, this object which he later found When George Ryder reached the 'But Mr, Ryder insisted on going to be only a dark rock which had station at Big Sandy, his hands, ^rward, and after securing a been swept bare by the wind, buj feet and other portions of his kange of horses, he set out, with while traveling toward this object, body were found to have been ter­ ■passenger, on the next drive of he discoverd a line of indistincjl ribly frozen, and although Mr. and ^H|ailes to the station on Little ! marks in the snow, and believing Mrs. Thorn did everything within He had proceeded only a ! that these might be footprints Of their power for him, it was evi­ ^^^^^^ance when he lost the [ some one traveling thru the snoW dent from the first that he could after some difficulty he during the storm, and that thp not survive his awful experience. the Di'y Sandy station, footprints had been nearly obliter­ He died on the third day after ^^^^^Believlng that be could ated by the drifting snow, he fol- [ reaching the station. Maggie Sher­ after securioi bie Whoozit No, 137 S ' lowgd the line »» cipsely »» b( lock bad not b?ep so sortousiy �Bridger also named Alum creek a tributary of the Yellowstone One 7 in cjj '^day he crossed a creek and rode several miles out into the prairie. The return journey seemed only about half the distance of his out­ going trip, and his horse went lame He dismounted to look at his ani­ mal’s feet and discovered that they had shrunk to pin points. He tasted some water near by and found it heavily charged with alum. He at­ tributed the shrinkage of the dis­ tance and the condition of his horse’s feet to the astringent quali­ ties of the alum water, and named the creek accordingly. Alum creek it is to this day. What Daniel Boone was to Ken-1 ^cky Bridger was to Miiiilwmi'THII ' ' . He was the true type of i mountain man. He was one of the best of the fearless generation which scouted out the obscure trails, out­ guessed the Indians at their own game, and made the way clear for the more settled life of the pioneers who were to follow. Bridger deserves a high place in AtoaMaMb nail of ' fame^ Colter he was tli>n»<i»it. ' white known to have visited the Yellowstone National park, his per­ sonal knowledge of the wonderland dating back to 1829<fff <^Eridger haa'^seEIimany wonderful things in the west, of which he told j his friends, but the public was inclineej to doubt his veracity. So, when he tried to inform his ac­ quaintances on the lower Missouri, where he would go occasionally with a boatload of furs, of tl^ scenicmarvels of the Yellowstonejlaiis, he' TOS laughed out of countenance.^ ^ne of the stories credited to him had to do with the celebrated obsid­ ian cliff, of black volcanic glass, familiar to tourists who have visited the park. Bridger claimed to have discovered it on a hunting trip. His story was that one day he was in the park hunting. He came up to a bull elk of gigantic proportions which, apparently, was grazing only a short distance from him. He took careful aim at the animal and fired. To his astonishment, and he was a dead shot, the elk did not appear to have been wounded, and paid no i attention to the report of the rifle. I He shot again, with the same result, i Four times in all he fired, missing each time. The elk continued to graze undisturbed, and paid not the slightest attention to Bridger. Dumfounded, he rushed toward the elk. crashing into a wall of transparent glass. He walked around t^e glass cliff, but the elk had disajjpeared. Then he walked back and the elk was again grazing within a few feet of him. He repeated the per­ formance with the same result. Sev­ eral miles away and just discerni■ ble, he saw his elk. The obsidian glass, according to his explanatiorx 7 was a telescopic lens and brought the elk up to within a few feet of him. snciksrffianr-iupidiy '■Another Bridger story was about a hot lake which he discovered in! the Yellowstone park. Thousands of i young ducks covered its surface.! When he got to the lake shore he noticed that every few minutes more! young ducks would pop up out of the water in every direction. He found that the mother duck laid' her eggs in the warm water, which hatched out the young ducks, and as they freed themselves from the shells they would pop up to the surface. The lake was a natural in­ cubator. "Along the shores of the Yellow-1 stone lake are several immense springs which discharge boiling wa­ ter into the lake. About the place where the hot water flows into the lake it lies several feet thick above the cold water, on account of the difference in specific gravity be­ tween the hot and cold water. Bridger’s story was that he would bait his fish hook, and with weights on his hne, sink it through the hot and into the cold water, when he had hooked his trout he would pulli it into the hot water just above! and let it remain there until it wa«i cooked. ____ . —Xhese wereia fe^df 'thFstbfiM with which old Jim Bridger regalfd. the tenderfeet living in and other Missouri river towns, oni his occasional trips back to civili­ zation. Because of them he made a! Munchausen reputation for himself. So when he told the world of the wonders of the Yellowstone park, along in 1835, his story QiUih£_ri»F was discredited, and no one would believe him. He went to the newspapers and publications of the time with his narrative, but the edi­ tors laughed at him. One western newspaper, which had ridiculed his Describefl EcW’Vtvidly Bridger also told of a remarkable! echo, near a spot where he frequent­ ly made camp. According to hisi story, it took the words thrown; against the cliff just six hours to come back after utterance. When he was retiring he would say to the cliff, “jrane to get up!” Six hours later, at a time he wished to arise , from his slumbers, his own words would awaken him. Another of his stories was to the effect that while Ore^^lalTS^ the bweetwater country on his way to the S valley at a point about five miles east o< Devil s Gate, he picked up a stone and threw it across the river at an antelope. He missed the antelope and ^h^ stone sank into the ground. Several years later, when he returned, the mistle he had thrown across the river had grown to, such proportions that it was as large as a goodsized h^se, and finally grew into what is now known^as which covers an area of twenty-five acres and it its highest point is 193 feet. years after the derisive publication^ apologized to Bridger editorially after the knowledge of the existence, of the Yellowstone park became! generally known. >) I sd 'tiaL �1 /* < CAPTAIN BOKKEVILLSli ADVENTUBSft -——. *' Most Interesting, Fascinating and Enchanting Stories of the Far Vilest -Ever Published. Mors than a century ago Captain Benjaioin L.3. Bonneville re­ turned to the ^JBl^tes" from the "Fur Country of the Far West”, after a ■Bhr_99 year’s experience of hardships in the mountains among the trappers and traders and the Indians. The expedition had coat the people who furnished the money for the enterprise more than $75,000. Bonneville himself had lost his standing in the army by violating end overrunning his leave of absence{ he was generally discredited, and he was decidedly a disheartened man. Today he is looked upon by '^<njany'/as the moat popular "explorer” that ever invaded this then wild, {rv^ savage country, aed the man who crowned this venturesome, valorous, distinguished hero v/ith so much fame and glory by transcribing his jumbled notes into a fascinating,bewitching story v/as never west of the hiissouri^Rivar at St. Louis. It was mors than a century and eighty years before Bonneville was bom that Shakespeare wrotsi "Some men are bom great; some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them." Many historians and authors claim that Bonneville came under ths lattsr classification; that the wily captain not only had greatness thrust upon him, but that he was a speculative adventurer and a deceptive faker. Whatever may have been the captain's true standing as an ex­ plorer or a fur trader, it cannot be denied that he performed a great and lasting service to thia wonderful west, even though all may be ,4 true that his opponents have written him. Benjamin Louis Bulalie de Bonneville was 'oom in Francs April 14, 1796. He came to America with Thomas Pains and secured a cadet- , �ship at West Point and graduated in 1819. He returned to France in 1825 with General LaFayette where he remained several years and upon his return to America he was assigned to duty on the western frontier. He secured a leave of absence from August, 1831, to October, 1833, with permission to explore the Far West, The letter from the War Department specified that he vzas to "explore the country to the Rocky fountains and beyond, with a view to ascertaining the nature and character of the several tribes of Indians inhabiting those regions} the trade which might be profitably carried on with them; the quality of the soil, the productions; the minerals, the natural history, ths climate, the geog­ raphy and topography, as well as the geology of the various parts of the country." Alfred Seton, a Kew York capitalist, provided the funds for the Bonneville expedition. One hundred ten men composed the party, and they had the finest assortment of goods and equipment that was ever taken into the mountains, tiiagons drawn by oxen and mules - were ths first to go forth on an expedition of this nature. They left Fort Osage, ten miles from Independence, tiseouri, on Lay 1, 1832. The route was up the valleys of ths Platte and Sweetwater, through South Pass, and then on to the Green river valley. Bonneville erected his first permanent trading post on the west shore of Green river, about five miles above the mouth of Horse creek. In history this was called Fort Bonneville, but the trappers called it "Fort Nonsense” or "Bonneville’s Folly", because of the fact that the winters at thia point were so severe the Indians and trappers sought a more convenient climate, and Bonneville, for the same reason, after he made the discovery of his mistake, set out for a new location, and finally established his headquarters on the Lemhi �fork of tha Salmon river. After hunting and trapping in this part of the country all winter and meeting with many disappointments and some misfortune, Captain Bonneville in the early spring set out for the headvzatera of Powder River. Here ho was oeaieged by the Aricara Indians who pilfered and robbed him of horses, furs and supplies, and as a result of his year's work, the captain hadyjbwfe about twenty- three packs of beaver, and on^ a few horses. In the valley of the Godin river, and on the plains of the Snake river, where can be seen the Three Buttes to the south and the Three Totons to the far southeast, on June 22, 1833, Nathaniel J. Wyeth met one of Bonneville's clerks, a man named Hodgkiss, and by him Wyeth sent a letter to Bonneville proposing a joint hunt in the country south of the Columbia river as far as the vicinity of the Spanish settlements in California. The proposition was accepted Iqr Bonneville, and Wyeth joined Bonneville on July 2, at a point about eighteen miles east of Henry river, where they remained for five days, writing letters and making arrangements for ths hunt. It was arranged that Wyeth should lead the party. In less than two weeks, however, the//pgwpoiaiittun Qmd fitl.lan thrsugh, and Bonneville continued on his own resources. In a letter written by Fontenelle to KcKenzie at the Green River rendezvous on September 25, 1833, he says* •'Bonneville, seeing that he is nearly gone, playa the devil with us. He offers to common hands $350 to $1,000 per annum, knowing that when the time is up he r will pay them with wind. Kany of the men that I have ^ught out, having received a larger allowance in ^S^' Louis, have left ma ... He (Bonneville) is out of goods and can get no supply thia year. I am ir> hopes we shall get clear of him ... If he continues as ha has done, �$80,000 will not save him," Bonnsville*8 leave of absence would expire in October, but in ths face of this he did not return to the '^Htates" with his meagre returns, but detailed his first assistant, M.S. Carre, udio was to deliver them at St. Louis, while he decided to inaugurate his fall hunt in the Crow country, but in order to make a "thorough exploration of the Great Salt Lake and the country around it," he sent out one of his men, I.R. ffalker, by name, whom he considered coispetent to make the important "exploration." But on thia “explor­ ation" Bonneville's instructions to Walker were to "Xeep along the shores of the lake, and trap in all the streams along the route," Walker took with him on his Salt Lake "expedition" forty men, and he was to be absent a year. Bonneville was to meet him the following summer in ths Bear river valley. The Walker party departed for the Salt Lake country on July 24, 1833. It is evident they had explored sufficiently the "Great Salt Lake and the country around it* in a vary short time, for on iUigust 7, they set out in a westerly course through the Salt hake desert and after several weeks* travel over the barren plains they reached the Hxuabolt river. Indians were encountered while following down this stream, and a number of the red man were killed by the trappera because of their thieving propensities. This enraged the Indians, and a few days later a battle ensued in vhich thirty-nine of the rod men were killed, and only one or two of the white men slightly wounded with arrows. This ended the trouble with the mis­ chievous Indians, and the men proceeded on their westward way, to be hindered only by the mountain fastnesses. They encountered many hard­ ships, found no game, and finally were compallad to kill their poor �horaea for food. After weeks of wandering, suffering and consuming seventeen of their horses, they reached the foot of the main range of the Sierra/l^ountaina on October 30. They then came upon the Yosemite river, which they followed and finally, in the middle of Hovamber, reached the San Francisco bay, then traveling in a southerly direction the party on Kovember 20, first caught sight of the Pacific ocean, fhe Walker party remained in sunny California during the winter and on Fabniairy 14, 1834, started on their return trip to again join Bonneville in the Rocky Mountains. They encountered nearly as much hardship on their return trip as they did on their westward journey, and they again came in contact with the same tribe of Indians with whom they had had trouble^another battle was fought and fourteen Indians ware killed and mAwy were wounded. Three of the man ware slightly wounded. The party made its way up the Snake river, and on June 1, arrived at the appointed rendezvous on Bear river where they were mot on June 20, by Captain Bonneville. Ths California trip by the Walker party was a disappoint­ ment to Bonneville, and he deamad it a great failure, for the •‘Great Salt Laka and the country around it* had not been sufficient­ ly explored, and no furs ware brought in. On July 25, 1833, the captain and his full party left the rendezvous fa* the headwaters of the Sweetwater rivar and arrangements ware made to transport what furs they had to^^ Louis. After much maneuvering to avoid the troublesome Indians, the captain finally re­ turned to headquarters on the Snaka river where his men were to trap, while he decided to explore the Columbia river. After toiling over the mountains, having numerous encounters with the thieving Indiana, �and meeting with great hardships, Bonneville and his two men on liar ch 4, 1834, reached the Hudson's Bay post near walla'Walla, where they were graciously received, but they ware denied supplies, because Bonneville was considered a competitive trader to the Hu/idson’s Bay company, and not an explorer for the United States government. On account of being wholly without supplies, Bonneville was precluded from further descending the Columbia river, and on liarch 6, started on his return trip to his winter camp on the Fortnauf, arriving there on May 12. From hare the reunited party left for tha Bear river valley rendezvous, whara they found Walker and his party, and soon after Cerra ratui*ned from Louis with the annual supplies. Thera was general rejoicing among tha mountain men on account of once more being united and they indulged in the customary celebration of feasting and drinking, but not so v/ith the leader. On account of the poor supply of furs gathered during the year there was but gloom for him, and it was ths general opinion among the traders and tappers that another year "would ba the end of him in the mountains", for the niuabsr of furs that had been sent to the market would not bring a sufficient sum to pay the man half the money due them. In the face of the gloom and the past two unsuccessful years the captain decided to stay another year in the mountains. Tha furs that had been accumulated the past winter were sent to Louis and hia men were sent to different sections of the trapping country, and Bonneville himself decided upon another trip to the Columbia. He left on July 3, with twenty-three men, going via the Snake river, and in due time reached the Columbia about fifty miles below the Walla Walla, but tha Indians showed their prefaranca for the Hudson's �Bay company, and ones mors the expedition proved unaucGsssful—or rathar a complete failure, and the captain once more faced toward the east, and after a great deal of suffering and hardship they arrived on the Snake river on October 30, and on November 17 they arrived at the caches on Baar river, and spent the winter on the upper ©id of that river, where game was plentiful and hardship and want was un­ known, The party was visited by many bands of Indians, and occasion­ ally some white trappers. In the early spring of 1835, Captain Bonne­ ville commenced to make arrangements to leave the mountains, and on April X he broke camp on Bear river. On June 10, ha had arrived at a point a short distancevto the east of the Wind River Jfiountaina. On June 22, he reached the rendezvous on the forks of Wind Jtiver where he was joined by his men who had been sent to the Crow country, and the united party here celebrated the Fourth of July, after which Bonneville started on his journey toward the states, arriving at (S^ Louis on August 22, 1835. The captain’s leave of absence had expired in October, 1833, and he was dropped from the rolls of the anay on May 31, 1834, He immediately set out to be re-instated, but there was a strong oppo­ sition to his re-instat ament among the aray authorities, but on April 19, 1836, he was re-instated by President Jackson "on account of his contributions to geographical knowledge of the mountain coun­ try, and for the further reason that his expedition had been at his own expense and none whatever to the United States government," After being re-instated. Captain Bonneville served in the Seminole and Mexican wars. He was wounded in the latter war. It is said that his sympathies were with the secessionists during the Civil War, but he remained loyal to the Union, In due �time ha was advanced to idajor and later to Lieutenant Colonel, than to Colonel and finally to Brevet Brigadier General on liarch 13, 1865. Soon after the Civil War he retired from the army and made his home at Fort Smith. He was married twice, end died June 12, 1878, and hie remains ware interred in Belle-fontaine cemetery at St. Louis. Commercially, Bonneville’s expedition was a failure, for the captain was not trained in business, especially to compete with ths Hudson’s Bay and the other companies that were then in the fur trad­ ing business, for he held himself above the base methods resorted to by the other traders. He was always hospitable and quite popular among the Indians as well as the whites. During his four years in the mountains not one of his men were lost and not and Indian was killed by his orders. Xt is claimed that the two maps of the western country he furnished the goverament wore "filched" from the maps made by Albert Gallatin the year before, but Bonneville has been given full credit for them, and it was these maps, mors than anything else, that caused President Jackson to re-instate him in the army, No doubt ths greatest debt the people of the United States owe to Bonneville of a historical nature was the furnishing to Washington Irving the notes from which ware written that intensely interesting description of the Rocky Uountains, which, when it first appeared bora the title of "The Rocky Uountaina, or Scenes, Incidents and Ad­ ventures of the Far Y/estj Digested From the Journal of Captain B.L.B, Bonneville, of the Army of the United States, and Illustrated From Various Other Sources," In later years the revised and re-printed edi'fei bear the name of "Adventures of Captain Bonnevilla," **By tha Eternal ’ S'? I’ll that you are ra-instatad to your �conmaad. For this valuable aarvica to the War Department and the counti*y you deserve high promotion.'* Thia was the exclamation of President Andrew Jackson when Bonneville showed him his two maps of the mountain country, one of them being the region about the sources of the laissouri, Yellowstone, Snake, Green, Wind and Sweetwater Rivers, which also included the region of the Great Salt Lake. The other map included the country westward to the Pacific ocean. Albert Gallatin had prepared maps the year before which con­ tained nearly all the important features of the Boiuxeville maps, but in some instances ths Gallatin maps were more nearly correct than BonnevilH’s, It is evident that Washington Irving’s emballieliment of Bonneville’s adventures into high-class literature mads them mors in­ ters sting and gave the captain more fame than his actual discoveries during his ^Exploration" of the Mountain Country of four years. It will be noted on the maps furnished by Bonneville that he gave the name Youta (Stau) to the Great Salt Laks, but posterity has very propsrly refused to recognize that great body of water undsr that name. Additional light discovered since Washington Irving wrote Bonneville’s Adventures disclose many discrepancies and considerable presun^tuousness on the part of Captain Bonneville upon his "explor­ ations'* and "discoveries", which are too numerous and too extended to mention hers. It may be said in Captain Bonneville’s favor, however, that he was a popular leader of men on his expedition to the Mountain /dwntry, and that he managed the men in his party with open and splendid judg­ ment, and during his four years in ths mountains not a man of his party lost his life, while great numbers of men from other companies �lost thair lives through sickness and being killed by the Indians. Bonneville was popular with the Indians, and although they robbed him and imposed upon him, he never killed any of them and seldom had a dispute with them. Ho never furnished liquor to the Indians to in­ duce them to trade with him, and this, no doubt, was one of the con- tributing factors for his expedition^ being a complete failure from a comercial standpoint. It was the rule among the Indians in those early days to trade with no one who would not furnish them with enough Tire water” for a week or ten day’s debauch. "Mo fire water,* no trade*, was ths universally adopted slogan among all the tribes of ths red men. iill through life Bonneville was lucky. -Even his unsuccessful expedition to the Mountain^pduntry proved to be his most successful adventure, for his luckiest day was when he met Washington Irving, who took his notss and worked them into one of ths most interesting, fascinating and enchanting atories of the Far West that has ever been published. Alfred Mokler, Author \ Bibliography} Washington Irving’s "Adventures of Captain Bonneville." Putnam n.d Hiram M. Chittenden’s "History of the Fur Trade of the Far V/est." Harper 1902 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 2-B Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Lander Journal Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1933 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Papers, NCA 01.v.1992.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Description An account of the resource This Letterbox contains a January 25, 1933 newspaper article from the Lander Journal titled "Blizzard of 1883: Stage Drivers Worked Heroically to get Thru with Passengers Who Suffered Greatly " other newspaper articles and captions, and a paper titled "Captain Bonneville, a Speculative Adventurer: Most Interesting, Fascinating and Enchanting Stories of the Far West Ever Published." Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/eb33ed8d5d88ecb1de5a71d0c609237a.pdf e9906bda68619c27347b0a3147c453d7 PDF Text Text �STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Indiana) Board of Directors R. W. Stewart, Chairman W. M. Burton, President Allan Jackson, Pice-President W. E. Warwick, Pice-Pres., Genl. Mgr., Mfg. R. H. McElroy, Traffic Manager B. Parks, Pice-President, Asst. Genl. Mgr., Mjg. E. J. Bullock, Director of Purchases E. G. Seubert, Pice-President, Secretary-Treasurer T. J. Thompson, General Manager, Sales John D. Clark, Pice-President, Assistant to Chairman Plant Managers and Superintendents WHITING, IND. J. E. Evans, Assistant Superintendent H. F. Glair, Assistant Superintendent R. E, Humphreys, Manager G. Cash, Superintendent SUGAR CREEK, MO. H. R. Boehmer, Superintendent G. H. Mofeett, Manager WOOD RIVER, ILL. C. B. Manbeck, Manager W. W. Holland, Superintendent F. J. Gainer, Assistant Superintendent ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION Thomas S. Cooke, Manager Casper, Plants No. 1 and No. 2 Greybull, Plant No. 1 B. L. Warren, Superintendent H. M. Lockard, Assistant Superintendent R. M. Andrus, Manager A. E. Thompson, Superintendent Laramie, Plants No. 1 and No. 2 J. F. Cullen, Superintendent Casper, Plant No. 3 Glenrock Plant M. G. Paulus, Superintendent R. E. Wood, Assistant Superintendent J. E. Rouse, Assistant Superintendent R. E. Chamberlain, Superintendent Florence, Colo., Plant J. C. Park, Superintendent Industrial Relations Department J. W. Curry, Director, Chicago, Ill. F2. H. Fisher, Assistant Director, Chicago, Ill. C. W. Smith, Director Safety Division, Chicago, Ill. D. M. Lobdell, Assistant W. X. Bercaw, Assistant Director, Whiting, Ind. C. F. Hall, Assistant Director, Wood River, III. A. S. Hurt, Assistant Director, Sugar Creek, Mo. Director, Casper, Wyo. Joint General Committees WHITING, IND. L. 1. Alexander Henry Behrens R. N. Brown Mike Bukvich Thos. F. Duggan Dan Foley D. J. Gallagher Geo. E. Girard L. M. Graham H. H. Grieves J. A. Hazzard M. D. Henrikson G. G. Humphreys Luke Kelly H. Koch Andrew Kompier Fred T. Lancohr W. J. Lynch A. S. Musselman John Burns H. O. Eyssell A. O. Hodges L. C. Howard Wm. Bacheldor Arthur E. Gladden J. F. Halloran John A. Hubbard Wm. E. Kelly George W. Lang B. E. Anderson J. H. Arbuckle H. E. Cotton Ray Conkling Howard Daylis S. H. Diggs Wm. Durham C. P. Fuller Bert Henderson Gilbert O. Housely C. E. Hooper J. P. Nielsen G. Fred Orideman D. J. Paskwietz C. A. Phelps John Plath G. J. Prentice H. W. Robison Nick Scholl Warner Sutherland Fred Score U. G. Swartz R. R. Tilton P. O. Vandeveer Carl Walanser R. G. Walker Harry Wheeler D. William Whiting Harry Whyte Mike Youkan SUGAR CREEK, MO. Joseph E. Morgan James E. O’Hara Chas. Spahr F. G. Lee Eari. S. Mixire C. E. Spitser G. W. Thompson 0. W. White WOOD RIVER, ILL. Wash. McDonald Wm. H. Miller C. M. Shook J. W. Stephenson George H. Wilken R. C. Wilson CASPER, WYO. John Lynch W. F. Melvin Clifford A. Miller Albert H. Morris Ed Moyle R. B. Perry J. W. Phelps L. G. Smith Chas. E. Stevenson Carl Walker J. C. ZOLNOSKI GREYBULL, WYO. R. L. D<x;kery J. F. Fletcher W. T. Hughes E. L. Knight George Ovens J. W. Gandsey C. P. Meyer G. L. Shepardson LARAMIE, WYO. IL M. Stricker Ed L. Wood GENERAL OFFICE C. M. Donigan E. R. Essery H. H. Finnegan A. E. Gorvett W. J. Hawkins J. E. Hecht E. E. Kelley Harvey W. Kino A. E. MacMeekin A. E. Persons A. R. Smith Joseph E. Sohurkk �'Ij eaumont Quarks To Beaumont Parks and his associates, the officers and directors of this com­ pany, we of the Rocky Mountain Division, express our appreciation of their kind­ ly criticism, helpful advice and unfailing support. 1 �2 �STANOLIND RECORD 1 Published for the Employees by the ! Standard Oil Company (INDIANA) C. V. JULIAN, Editor Publication Office: 910 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago ! Vol. 6 SEPTEMBER No. 11 WYOMING A TREASURE CHEST OF AMERICA Oil, Cattle, Furs, Sheep, Iron, Farming All Play Part in Spectacular History of the State of the Great Plains; History Resounds With Deeds of Early Pioneers and Settlers By Lloyd G. Smith he plains and mountain country now included in the confines of the State of Wyo­ were well known to the French and American trappers and fur traders early Tming in the nineteenth century when very little was known of the rest of the Rocky Mountain region. Through the middle of the state ran the Overland or Oregon Trail over which hundreds of thousands of emigrants travelled to settle the Pacific states. But Wyo­ ming was the highway and not the permanent home for these pioneers. Its rugged mountains and desolate desert plains presented an inhospitable appearance to these peo­ ple who were looking for lands even richer and more fruitful than those they had left in the east. The mineral resources had no attractions miners. In 1753 the de la Verendryes, who because of the lack of transportation and had grown rich in the fur trade in Canada, nearness of other mineral supplies closer set out from Montreal on an expedition to to the markets. So it is that Wyoming is determine the fur possibilities of the Rocky still an industrial infant, just beginning to Mountain region. They did not reach Wyo­ develop its resources. With the exception ming until 1743. About a year was spent of the desert state of Nevada, it is today in exploring and trapping in the western the most sparsely settled state of the Union, part of the state and in 1744 they returned having only 2.3 persons per square mile. to Montreal. The enterprise was a finan­ It is still a pioneer state and its history is cial failure but it paved the way for the the deeds of pioneers. British, French and American trappers who The territory of Wyoming was under the flourished in this region from 1808 until control of Spain, France and England be­ 1850. fore finally becoming a part of the United The Great Divide States. There are Spanish records in exist­ In the snow clad mountains of western ence which relate of Wyoming rise the several expeditions great rivers of the ii for exploration and P continent flowing Qjichno'iAl&d^&m&nt prospecting made east, west and ghc STANOLIND DECOTTD is indebt­ into the territory in south. The Mis­ ed. to the fbllo'uJing persons and. the sixteenth and souri, the Columbia agencies fir pictures and muterial seventeenth centu­ and the Colorado used in this issue. TV.S.Kimball, ries. Iron imple­ have their begin­ cd.J.eMohler, Casper tribune, Casper ments and ruins of nings here in a Chamber of Commerce, Stale Highway stone buildings have multitude of small Department, U.S.Bureau of 'Public been found in the streams coming Roads, U.S.Reclamation Service, Big Horn Moun­ from springs and U.S. Forest Service, and the eNational glaciers. These tains which are be­ Hark. Service, lieved to have been streams and the forests bordering used by Spanish �^wo H&ro&s In the minds of the younger generation are two names closely associated with the rise of the West. No. 1—One is Buffalo Bill (Cody). This monument to that Indian fighter was erected at Cody, Wyo., a town named after him. No. 2—Another is Jim Bridger, trapper, explorer, Indian fighter and guide. His fame was recently broadcast it. the Emerson Hough’s “The Cov­ ered Wagon.” them abounded in all kinds of fur bear­ ing animals. Great rivalry existed in the early part of the nineteenth century be­ tween the Hudson Bay Company and the American fur trading firms and each main­ tained large numbers of trappers in the mountains and complete organizations for transportation of supplies and furs to and from St. Louis. Their route from St. Loui.s was up the Missouri, the Platte and North Platte rivers to the Sweetwater River and up that and over the continental divide at South Pass and thence into the Green River valley, which was the rendezvous of all the trappers. Trappers from time immemorial have used canoes for transportation but in going to this region they had to abandon their boats in the upper North Platte because of its swiftness and shallowness and make the rest of the journey with pack horses. Also in their work of trapping they used the horse instead of a canoe, thus departing from the mode of travel of their eastern forebears. As the business grew boats were used only as far as Kansas City and wag­ ons hauled the goods the rest of the way but still following the former route. It was thus from small beginnings that the greatest and longest highway that the world has ever seen came into existence and was later known a.s the Overland or Oregon Trail. The traffic grew from Captain Bon­ neville’s train of 20 wagons and 110 men in thirty years to trains of hundreds of wagons, a stage coach line and the famed Pony Express. Heroes of the Old West For fifty years the fur trading business drew adventurous spirits from all parts of the country. Men such as Kit Carson, Jim Baker, Captain Bonneville, Jim Bridger, Jim Beckwith and a host of others figured prom­ inently in the development of the west. Jim Bridger, because of services as a scout, his intimate knowledge of the whole Rocky Mountain region and his manifold exploits is considered the dean of all mountaineers and the greatest hero of early Wyoming. He started trapping in the Rocky Moun­ tains in 1822 with General Ashley’s trappers and continued in this business in many ca­ pacities until 1856, when he retired to his farm near Kansas City. Soon after, how­ ever, the Indian raids on the Overland Trail caused the government to send several com­ panies of the army to protect the emigrants and Bridger volunteered his services as an army scout, where he served with distinc­ tion for twenty years, finally attaining the rank of major. His name is perpetuated in the history of the state by giving his name to Bridger Pass, Bridger National Forest, Bridger Peak, Bridger Lake and Fort Bridger. In 1843 Marcus Whitman took the first band of emigrants to Oregon over the trail which had been heretofore used only by the fur traders. His train of 200 wagons 4 �and 1,000 people with their live stock and other property was the first of many hun­ dreds of similar trains which braved the terrors of the Great American Desert to reach the rich land of the Pacific states. By the time the Union Pacific Railway was completed in 1869 the migration over this trail was tremendous. As the hosts of emi­ grants increased, the trouble with the In­ dians also increased. Days of Indian Wars While the trappers in former years had some difficulties with certain tribes of In­ dians, they were on friendly terms with most of the tribes and were usually mar­ ried to Indian squaws and were members of their tribes, but when the Indians saw the increasing waves of white men advanc­ ing to take their lands away from them, they united under such chiefs as Red Cloud and Sitting Bull and waged a bitter war­ fare against the emigrants. For twenty years the best talent of the U. S. Army was engaged in subduing the savages, but due to an inadequate conception of the task, the officials in Washington refused to take the advice of the officers in the field and many lives were unnecessarily sacrificed. The Overland Trail ran through the pres­ ent site of the Standard Oil Company (In­ diana) refinery in Casper and crossed the North Platte River just above the plant. The fort at this point was originally called the Platte Bridge station, but in July, 1865, Lt. Caspar W. Collins and eight of his men were ambushed and killed by the In­ dians and in his honor the name was changed to Ft. Casper by the War Depart­ ment. By 1860 the population of the Pacific States had become so great that better trans­ portation across the continent was demand­ ed. The Union Pacific Company was char­ tered by Congress in 1862 but work was not started until November, 1865. In spite of the attacks of the Indians in Nebraska and Wyoming the construction proceeded rapidly and on May 10, 1869, the last spike was driven with much ceremony on the railroad connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific. This rapid means of transporta­ tion eliminated necessity for the Overland Trail and it soon fell into disuse. The rail­ road did not follow the old trail but took a shorter route even though the grades were not as easy. It passes through south­ ern Wyoming and crosses the continental divide over Bridger Pass. The building of &arly Days No. .1—While the CasperThermopolis mail stage doesn’t look like the modern (movie) conception of early transporta­ tion it was practical. No. 2— An emigrant camp on the pres­ ent site of Casper. the Union Pacific is considered the greatest railroad achievement of all time. Wyoming Means “Great Plains” Up to 1868 Wyoming was a part of Dakota territory but in July of that year Wyoming Territory was established with Cheyenne as the capital. The name was suggested by Congressman J. M. Ashley of Ohio and comes from the language of the Delaware Indians and means “great plains.” Soon after the Union Pacific Railway S �was built, Wyoming began to attract atten­ tion as a cattle range. The value of the sun cured grass of the desert plains for cattle feed was first noticed by emigrants who had to turn their cattle loose when they were forced into winter quarters. They expected them to starve to death and were surprised to see them return to camp in the spring in fine shape, having subsisted on nothing but the dried grass of the plains. Texas and Mexican cattle were the first to be introduced in Wyoming, being driven up from the south, but later better breeds of cattle were imported. Cheyenne and other points on the U. P. R. R. became the centers of the industry which increased by leaps and bounds until by 1885 an immense amount of both domes­ tic and foreign capital was invested in Wyo­ ming cattle. It was the day of the large unfenced range, the picturesque cowboy, the rustler and other characters immortalized in song and story. Owen Wister’s “Virginian” is typical of this period and the “oldtimers” of Casper point with pride to the landmarks in the vicinity mentioned in this story. The weak point of this method of cat­ tle raising was that no attempt was made to protect the cattle against unusual weather conditions. If the rainfall was scanty or the winter especially severe, a great many of them could not survive. In the late eighties several hard winters bankrupted most of the cattle men but it taught them a lesson. The industry is now run on a more scientific basis, supplying feed and shelter for the cattle when they need it, more in the manner of the stock farm in the east. years before the rush to California, but the first actual mining operation was not start­ ed until 1861. At this time the miners had to flee for their lives when attacked by In­ dians. From then until 1867 a little pros­ pecting was done but the Indian attacks prevented any one staying there very long. When a rich strike was reported in 1867, miners came by the hundreds from all parts of the country and the district was so thickly populated that there was no more danger from the Indians. In 1869 placer mining was in full swing and a great deal of gold was taken out. The towns of South Pass and Atlantic City were typical boom mining towns with all the vices and excitement. The boom continued for sev­ eral years but the placers gradually played out, so that now the district is practically deserted, although there are still many min­ ing men who assert that there is plenty of gold there if the proper machinery is installed for handling the dirt in large quan­ tities. Two Railroads Build With the increase of population and industry of the territory, better transpor­ tation was demanded and both the C. & N. W. Ry., and the C. B. & Q. R. R. started extending their lines into Wyom­ ing in 1886 and 1887. The C. & N. W. Ry. reached Casper in 1888. This was the western terminus of that branch until 1905 when it was extended to Lander. The railroad started Casper as a cow town, the cattle and sheep business developed it into a lively western town and the oil busi­ ness starting in 1913 made it the modern city of 23,000 population that it is today. The C. B. & Q. R. R. reached Casper in War Over Land 1914, connecting it with the east by way of The increase of population and the poor Omaha and the west by way of Billings, returns from cattle produced the home­ Montana. steader and the sheep man. These, indi­ The railroads have done much towards vidually and collectively, disputed the right developing the agricultural possibilities of of the cattle men to monopolize the whole the state. The small farmers are becom­ state, which resulted in conditions too com­ ing more numerous, irrigation projects plicated to discuss here. The friction led are rapidly increasing the land values, and to bloody battles, the wanton killing of stock, vast areas of non-irrigable land have the hiring of professional gun men and become productive under scientific dry other acts disgraceful to the state. Event­ farming. The larger ranches are also ually law and order were established and more prosperous as their cattle and sheep equal justice is now meted out to the cat­ raising is conducted in a scientific manner tle man, the sheep man, and the small and the loss due to unfavorable seasons farmer. is low. The production of crude oil, es­ One early industry of Wyoming must pecially in the Salt Creek field, in recent be mentioned which flourished at the same years has added greatly to the wealth and time as the cattle business. Gold was dis­ population of the state. covered near South Pass in 1842, seven (.iConcluded, Col. 1, Page 7.) �Qhe, Story of Qfyoming Refineries By R. M. Andrus refining of petroleum is one of Wyoming’s largest industries and its startling growth from a decidedly primitive beginning to its present day magnitude presents a story of almost Aladdin-like nature. We have grown so accustomed to the conveniences and facilities as presented by today’s modern machinery, methods, and chemical science that we scarcely realize that it was not always so. he T Let us take a backward glance at some of the hardships and hazards that con­ fronted the pioneers of petroleum refining in Wyoming, of the difficulties and disap­ pointments experienced, and lastly a review of the realization of the dreams of the most confirmed dreamer for the oil industry. After many tedious years of prospecting and the drilling of numerous dry holes a producing well was completed on June 30, 1890, at a depth of 1,090 feet. This well was located in the Shannon field, which joins the famous Salt Creek field on the north, and was drilled by the Pennsylvania Oil & Gas Co. An analysis of the crude oil from this well showed it to be 24.5 Be. gravity with a paraffine base, low cold test, and low sulphur content which made it a desirable product for the manu­ facturing of all grades of lubricants. Other Producers Followed Other producing wells followed in this field and in 1895 the Pennsylvania Oil & Gas Co. erected Wyoming’s first refinery under the supervision of F. J. Carman. This refinery was located in Casper on Wol­ cott street, between Railroad avenue and the C. & N. W. railway tracks. The re­ finery consisted roughly of one 1,000 barrel still, four receiving tanks of 75 barrels each, a 50-barrel agitator, two small settl­ ing tanks, two tanks for finished products and a 60-H.P. boiler. The crude tank farm, as we would term it now, was composed of one underground wooden tank holding about 300 barrels and one steel tank of 500-barrel capacity. Dr. Frederick Salathe was superintend­ ent and being a distinguished and able chemist, proved a capable and efficient head during the life of the refinery. Mr. John Duncan, still a resident of Cas­ per and engaged in the dray and transfer business, and Mr. Ernest Gerber, now acid works foreman for the Standard Oil Com­ pany (Indiana) at Casper, were the refinery forces. Present day working conditions in our refineries call for an eight hour shift and conditions were much the same then, except that the shifts ran end on end and both Mr. Duncan and Mr. Gerber found their three eight hour shifts a day well filled with such duties as firing the steam boiler, charg­ ing and firing the still, running the agita­ tor, finishing up the various grades of en­ gine, valve and car oils, and loading the refined product for shipment. Crude Hauled in Wagons Probably the most picturesque yet at the same time most hazardous problem for this pioneer refinery was getting the crude oil from the Shannon field 50 miles away to the refinery at Casper. To accomplish this string teams of from 18 to 22 horses were used drawing 3 or 4 wagons, each wagon carrying a tank hold­ ing about sixteen barrrels. One of these outfits would make a round trip in about {Conclttded from Page 6.) Wyoming was admitted into the Union on July 10, 1890, with a population of 62,555. It has the distinction of being the first state to have the woman’s suffrage clause in the constitution. Its motto, adopted in 1890, is “Equal Rights.” In 1924 the people chose Mrs. Nellie T. Ross, widow of the late Governor Ross, for their gover­ nor, making Wyoming the first state to have a woman governor. Wyoming is just emerging from its pioneer life and is getting well started on the manifold development of its tremen­ dous resources. It has within its borders rich lands, immense quantities of valuable minerals and coal, and magnificent moun­ tain scenery all waiting to be fully de­ veloped. The climate is invigorating and second to none in the world. The citizens of the state are energetic, virile and am­ bitious. We have outlined the past history of this state. Who can predict the future of a state with these possibilities? 7 �gA String ^e.am o£ Sarly Refinery QJays Here is a photo of a string team of early refinery days. A stout heart and seven days of hardship were required to deliver a small piece of equipment to the field or a few barrels of crude oil to the factory. seven days, if in good luck, so that about four outfits were kept busy supplying enough crude to keep the refinery in oper­ ation. What a comparison between then and now! In those days it required a stout heart, twenty to twenty-two strong horses and seven days of hardships to deliver fifty to sixty-five barrels of crude oil to the re­ finery. Today, with no more physical effort than the turning of a valve or two, a hun­ dred thousand barrels or more will have changed location from the Salt Creek Oil field to the Casper tank farms in one day. More producing wells were constantly being brought in in the Salt Creek field and in November, 1903, the Societe BelgoAmericain des Petroles du Wyoming bought all the holdings of the Pennsylvania Oil & Gas Co., consisting of lands, producing wells, refinery, etc., and in turn sold out to the Franco-Wyoming Oil Company in 1910. This company immediately began further development of the producing field and in 1911 started laying a pipe line from Salt Creek to Casper to supply crude oil for their new refinery being built in the eastern outskirts of the town. This refinery was owned and operated by the Natrona Pipe Line & Refinery Co. which was a subsidiary of the FrancoWyoming Company and fired up their first still on June 11, 1912. In the years 1911 and 1912 develop­ ments came thick and fast and Wyoming’s infant industry was coming to the front with the speed of our native jack rabbit. “Midwest” Organized Early in the year of 1910 The Midwest Oil Co. was incorporated with Oliver H. Shoup, president, and Verner Z. Reed, Karl Schuyler, H. M. Blackmer, R. D. Brooks, and Bern Hopkins his associates. This company acquired considerable land in Salt Creek and in July, 1911, commenced the erection of a refinery in the western out­ skirts of Casper. A pipe line was laid to bring the crude oil from Salt Creek and the first still of the Midwest Oil Company was charged and fired on January 15, 1912. In the spring of 1913 the Franco-Pe­ troleum Company (same being the result of a merger of the Franco-Wyoming and The Natrona Pipe Line and Refining Company) began the erection of a refinery just east of and adjacent to the Midwest Oil Company plant, and by October 1 of the same year their first still was charged and Casper’s fourth refinery materialized. (Continued on Page 10.) 8 �Qhrce, Rocky ck^ountain. R^ncrics Above are views of the Casper, Greybull and Laramie refineries of the Standard Oil Company (Indiana). No. 1—This shows a section of the refinery at Casper. No. 2—A portion of the Greybull refinery with its tank farm in the background is shown here. No. 3—^This is the Laramie refinery, which is at an elevation of 7,000 feet. It is the highest refinery in America if not the world. 9 �Casper Refinery’s Plant Council I B c)________________________ ____________________________ An unique organization was formed by Mr. T. S. Cooke, manager of the Rocky Mountain division, which handles plant executive matter en bloc. The organization is called the Plant Council and consists of various officials and heads of departments, who meet regularly to consider various matters concerned with the management and employees. In the picture are left to right (front row) M. G. Paulus, superintendent of Plant No. 3; T. S. Cooke, R. M. Andrus, managers of Plants Nos. 1 and 2; D. J. Smith, chief engineer of Rocky Mountain division; (second row) Pitt Covert Jr., head of re-running and coke still department. Plant No. 3; L. G. Smith, head of lubricating and paraffine department; A. V. Forbes, office manager; (third row) H. E. Cotton, head of pressure still department; A. E. Thompson, superintendent of Plants Nos. 1 and 2; S. H. Diggs, director of research. Rocky Mountain division; R. V. Heinze, head of acid and steam refined treating department; J. E. Rouse, assistant superintendent of Plant No. 3; (top row) R. E. Wood, assistant superintendent of Plant No. 3, and W. H. Tolhurst, master mechanic. Photo is by Deluxe, Casper. valuable and necessary products (for which the world’s markets were ready and in need of) from the heavy crude bottoms by the cracking process of the Burton pres­ sure still, and in the summer of 1913 the building of a refinery for this purpose was started under the supervision of Mr. C. B. Manbeck and a corps of assistants brought from the Whiting, Indiana, refinery. (^Continued from Page 8.) A consolidation of the Midwest Oil Com­ pany and the Franco-Petroleum Company was effected on the first day of March, 1914, and through this the present Mid­ west Refining Company came into exist­ ence. In the operation of these refineries there was of necessity a considerable quantity of the heavier products for which there was very little outlet. This condition interested the Standard Oil Company (Indiana) who saw the possibilities of manufacturing more “Casper Ships More OU” A location was selected immediately east of and adjoining the Midwest Refining 10 �Company’s plant and the work progressed Company (Indiana) commenced the erec­ rapidly so that by March of the following tion of four batteries of pressure stills at year (1914) the first battery was put into Greybull and in May, 1917, began operation operation. under Mr. H. M. Lockard as superintend­ Both the Midwest Refining Company ent. and the Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Oil having been discovered in the Rock continued to enlarge their plants and ex­ River field in the Southern part of the tend their operations until by 1921 Casper State, the Midwest Refining Company start­ claimed to possess one of the largest re­ ed building a refinery at Laramie in the fall fineries in the United States and the Cham­ of 1919, and the Standard Oil Company ber of Commerce adopted as its slogan: (Indiana) erected a battery of pressure “Casper Ships More Oil by Rail than any stills at the same location, both refin­ Other city in the eries starting up in World.” the following sum­ Casper con­ mer, which was the tinued to attract occasion for a huge the oil men and in celebration by the July of 1922 the citizens of Laramie Texas Company, in which there was after a careful sur­ some feasting, more vey of conditions, oratory and still began the erection more dancing. of a refinery on a In the spring of location three miles 1918 the Mutual east of Casper and Producing and Re­ by February of the fining Co., now a following year fires part of the Conti­ were started under nental Oil Company, their stills. began the construc­ Following the tion of a refinery at completion of this Glenrock, 25 miles refinery the White east of Casper, and Eagle Oil & Refin­ in January, 1919, ing Co. began con­ started operation on struction work crude oil from the July of 1923 on a Big Muddy field, location about half and in October, a mile east of the 1921, the Standard T e x a s Company, Oil Company (Indi­ and in February, ana) started con­ 1924, their refinery struction of a bat­ was completed and tery of pressure stills which fired up placed in operation. on May, 1922, under In the foregoing we have simply recited the history of re­ the supervision of L. E. Chamberlain. fineries in and near Casper but other The year 1922 saw the Producers and refineries were being built in various Refiners Corporation begin the erection of parts of the State. a refinery at Grenville, Wyo., located on Some time in the year 1914 a group of the Union Pacific Railroad seven miles east capitalists from West Virginia decided to of Rawlins. Grenville, being a typical Wyo­ construct a refinery at Greybull, Wyo., sit­ ming station of very few if any houses, soon uated in the Big Horn Basin, at the junc­ became a bustling community and took the tion of the Greybull and Big Horn rivers. name of Parco, this being a contraction of This refinery was completed and placed in the company initials. This refinery was operation. In the following year, 1915, the completed and began the shipment of gaso­ Midwest Refining Company became inter­ line in March of 1923. ested and in 1917 finally absorbed this re­ The Standard Oil Company (Indiana) finery into the Midwest organization. having secured control of the Midwest ReIn September, 1916, the Standard Oil (Concluded in Col. 1, Page 21.) 11 �SxecuiiVes of Some. Tiani Above are some of the executives who have made the Rocky Mountain Division one of the greatest refining organizations of the world. The photo of Mr. Thomas S. Cooke, manager, is on another page. No. 1—M. G Paulus is superintendent of Plant No. 3, Casper. No 2—R. M. Andrus is manager of Plants Nos. 1 and 2, Casper. No’. 3—A. E. Thompson is superintendent of Plants Nos. 1 and 2. Casper. 12 �Tlocky cMouniain Division most majestic. No. 1—This is Lincoln highway in Telephone Canyon, 43 miles west of Cheyenne. The photo is by the State Highway depart_ment. No. 2—Shooting up fifteen to thirty-five feet every twenty to fifty-five seconds is the Constant Geyser in the Yellowstone Park. The ■photo is by National Park Service. No. 3—This is the Great Fall, 309 „ . ., .feet high. The photo is also by National Park Service. No. 4—Superintendent Albright of the Park is shown waylaid by A. Bear, alias Holdup H. M. Loclpgfg^ Qjj jj highway. No. 5—In Shoshone National forest is Cody road assistant suand the Palisades. A good road and a majestic view. Photo is by U. S. tendent of Forest Service, ; _____________ No. 2, Greybull. Photos Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 are by Deluxe Studio, Casper. 13 �14 �e> Qhe. fhre, of the Open foad Good highways that unfold amid everchanging landscape beckon the stranger to go further and further into the mysteries of nature at its most majestic. No. 1—This is Lincoln highway in Telephone Canyon, 43 miles west of Cheyenne. The photo is by the State Highway depart­ ment. No. 2—Shooting up fifteen to thirty-five feet every twenty to fifty-five seconds is the Constant Geyser in the Yellowstone Park. The photo is by National Park Service. No. 3—This is the Great Fall, 309 feet high. The photo is also by National Park Service. No. 4—Super­ intendent Albright of the Park is shown waylaid by A. Bear, alias Holdup Pete, on a highway. No. 5—In Shoshone National forest is Cody road and the Palisades. A good road and a majestic view. Photo is by U. S. Forest Service 15 �16 �17 �18 �19 �QAe Grandeur thai is ’TUyomin^ Where each morning you look forward to your evening s camp site— the air is so clear. No. 1—This is Lake Marie at the timber line. No. 2— Top o’ the World is a section of the Great Glacier beds where earth and sky meet. No. 3—Lake Geneva reflects the glory of the Big Hom Mountains. The lake is fed from the mighty peaks and glacier streams. Photo is by J. E. Stimson. No 4—Natural Bridge over LaPrele creek of Douglas is a much patronized picnic spot. 20 �Qhe. State, of Opportunity By Charles E. Winter Congressman from JCyoming N 1848, Daniel Webster, in a speech in the Senate, declared that the western part of the United States, specifically New Mexico and California, was not worth a dollar. At the same period Henry Clay, visiting the West, said that he could hear the tramp of the oncoming millions. Clay had the true vision. The million have come. Many more millions will come. The West is in the formative period of a transition of the wilderness to civilization, history at which the people of the nation constitutes a theme of surpassing great­ and of the world will stand and gaze in ness. The State of Wyoming is typical of all amazement. The wonderful strength, the superb resources, the unlimited possibilities the states comprised in the Unopened Em­ of youth are its inheritance. With its gold, pire. The vitality for centuries of progress silver and copper, its coal and iron and oil; lies in her mountains and plains. Wyom­ its phosphates, nitrates and potash; its ing is now stretching herself, even as a forests and rivers and millions of square young giant rises from slumber, reaches miles of undeveloped, productive area, the forth his mighty limbs, throws back his West and its heroic people stand facing a shaggy locks from rugged brow, and takes future which even today, no man can his position for the race. This young, sparsely populated state is rising in her measure. The passing of the old western day of might. The glory of the morning of life “space eternal” to the new day of diversi­ shining in her countenance, her veins puls­ fied industry; the birth of a new era of dis­ ing with prinstine vigor, her heart throbbing covery, reclamation and development; the with vital power, her sinews vibrant with unwasted strength, she is prepared to take {Concluded from Page 11.) her place in the forefront of the great fining Company’s interest during the sum­ states of this great Union. mer of 1921, took over on October 1, 1921, Source of Three Rivers the operating end of the combined refin­ The mountains of Wyoming, forming a eries of the two companies at Casper, Grey­ bull and Laramie. Mr. T. S. Cooke, for­ 275 mile section of the Continental Di­ merly general superintendent of the Whit­ vide, give rise within its borders to the ing Refinery, was appointed as manager of three great primary river systems of the the combined refineries and the name United States west of the Ohio; the Miss­ issippi by the Missouri, the Colorado by “Rocky Mountain Division” was adopted. The Midwest organization continued in the Green, and the Columbia by the field operation of exploration and produc­ Snake. The state is 356 miles east and west, by tion and this has proven a very satisfactory 275 miles north and south and has an area combination. While it has been thirty years since Cas­ of almost 100,000 square miles, sixty-two per boasted its first refinery, yet the past million acres, made up of plains, valleys and six or seven years have witnessed the big mountains, the latter containing seven mil­ substantial progress. From a single one lion acres of forests and much of the finest hundred barrel still refinery to eight active river, lake and mountain scenery in the refineries located in six different cities in world. The first and greatest of all national Wyoming with a combined charging ca­ pacity of 90,000 barrels daily is the story of parks, the Yellowstone, 54 by 72 miles in progress for the refining industry, with ag­ size, visited last season by 145,000 people, gregate storage capacity of 35,000,000 bar­ lies in the northwest corner of Wyoming. It and a similar area south of it, including rels. To such proportions has grown that un­ Jackson Lake and the Teton Mountains, pretentious, little underground wooden tank 13,500 feet in altitude, unsurpassed in the world for beauty and grandeur, are the that was the first “tank farm.” I 21 �fowl. All mountain streams and lake abound with native brook and rainbow trout. Stated conservatively, Wyoming contains numerous minerals: gypsum, sodium, lime, salts, mica, graphite, alum ; stated enthusias­ tically she is seamed with gold, silver and platinum, lined with coal and iron, she has a copper bottom and she’s two-thirds full of oil. If ignited, these would produce a young hades below, but Providence, taking care of her favored people, has distributed much asbestos on the surface. The state has vast deposits of phosphate and nitrate rocks. In the Leucite Hills are volcanic deposits containing 200,000,000 tons of potash and 200,000,000 tons of aluminum. The phos­ phates, nitrates, and potash, the three great essentials of soil fertilizer, will preserve the fertility of American soil; the aluminum will build 10,000 airplanes annually, which will serve the nation in time of peace and save the nation in time of war. At Ther­ mopolis a medicinal hot spring flows 18,000,000 gallons every twenty-four hours. A Leader in Wool Wyoming alternates between first and second in the Union in its production of sheep and wool, with 3,000,000 sheep grow­ ing annually 24,000,000 pounds of wool. It produces annually 7,000,000 tons of coal. Some of its coal veins are from 40 to 100 feet thick. It can supply the United States with coal for 300 years. Last year 400,000 tons of ore were taken from its iron mines. In 1924 it produced 40,000,000 barrels of oil and refined and shipped by rail more gasoline from Casper, Wyo., than was refined and shipped by rail from any city in the United States. A train load of gasoline to Baton Rouge, La., for export has left Casper, Wyoming, every three days for the last two years. During the fiscal year 23-24, Wyoming paid in Royal­ ties on U. S. oil leases over $12,000,000 and has paid to the government a total amount in oil royalties of $30,000,000. Wyoming’s per capita wealth is $4,663.00. It produced in 1924 a total of $300,000,000 of wealth. There are 2,500,000 acres of irrigated land. Three great government reclamation projects, the North Platte, the Riverton, and the Shoshone, are assisting in advanc­ ing agriculture to the greatest industry. The Riverton project presented President Coolidge with the royal bronze 40 pound turkey which graced the president’s last home of the last and greatest herds of buffalo, elk, moose, as well as the last great refuge of the deer, antelope, mountain sheep, bear, mountain lion, wolf, coyote, lynx, beaver and every variety of wild 22 �Christmas dinner table. This project ad­ joins the Wind River Indian reservation occupied by the Araphoes and the Sho­ shones. The Arapahoes are the largest statured race on the Western continent, and in all the world excepting one race in a section of Russia. Chief Washakie of the Shoshones was a great warrior and a statesman and a true and faithful friend of the whites. In the Shoshone burial grounds in the foothills of the mighty Wind River Mountain range, part of the Rocky mountain system, rests the body of the Indian woman, Sacajawea, who accompanied by her husband Charboneau, guided Lewis and Clark on their epochal expedition to the Columbia and the Pacific in 1805. She is the greatest woman character in all our history and should have a government-built monument to commemorate her invaluable services to the nation. High above her burial place rises Fremont’s Peak, 13,500 feet in alti­ tude, discovered, climbed, and named by General John C. Freemont, in 1842. In this range lie the greatest glaciers in the United States proper. East of this range, flowing north, is the stream whose name was a World War battle cry, “Powder River”. Irrigation, Ilarning Brone Gives Way to Honk The most famous and original Wild West Show—Frontier Days—is held annually at the state’s capital, Cheyenne, located on the transcontinental Union Pacific and the air mail routes (from which ran the celebrated Deadwood stage in ’76). This great spec­ tacle is visited by people from all over the world. But the bronc has given way to the honk; the state has an automobile for every five persons. Her churches are many; her educational system and buildings the most modern. In the election of 1924 Wyoming attained the first record among all the states for the highest percentage of increase, 37.7 per cent in her presidential vote, casting 70.8 per cent of her total qualified vote. Its pop­ ulation of 225,000—2.3 persons to the square mile—sent the greatest percentage of phy­ sically fit men, out of the total number examined, and more soldiers in proportion to her population into the World War, of any of the 48 states; 97.8 per cent of her population is white; 87 per cent native born. According to statistics recently issued by the government a section of Wyoming ranks first in the United States in its birth ' No. 1—A flume on the Inter­ state Canal. No. 2—Diversion dam for turning water into one of the great irrigation ditches. Photo by U. S. Reclamation Service. No. 3—The State Uni­ versity at Laramie. It’s called “Cowboy College.” )-------------- 1 rate. Thus, these two records prove her first in quality and quanitity rate of pro­ duction. Wyoming is the greatest undeveloped (Concluded Col. 1, Page 24.) 23 �finding Oil in OVyoming By Edward L. Estabrook Petroleum Production Engineer The Midwest Refining Company first use of petroleum in Wyoming began about the middle of the last century when the fortyniners or some of the other pioneers, toiling their weary way along the Oregon Trail, ran out of axle grease, and replenished their supply with oil from oil seep­ age in what are now Natrona, Fremont and Lincoln counties. Wyoming oil mixed with flour is said to have been quite as efficient as are the present day refinery products. he T The first oil wells in Wyoming were drilled in the Dallas oil field near Lander in 1884, near the seepages which had been discovered by Bonneville in 1833. There is no record of the date when the seepages of oil and gas at Salt Creek were first dis­ covered or when the oil was first utilized for any purpose but we find that in the early eighties the land was being staked out as oil claims. The first big oil well in Salt Creek was drilled in 1908. On October 21st, of that year the well now known as No. 15 on the SE% of Section 23-40-79, reached the First Wall Creek sand and began to flow, shoot­ ing a column of oil 100 feet into the air. About 1,500 wells have been drilled in Salt Creek and 1,400 of them are produc­ ing oil. Many hundreds are yet to be drilled, and development work will con­ tinue for many years. We may even look forward to the time when the Casper re­ fineries will be supplied with oil from the “Salt Creek Mines”. Shafts will be sunk and tunnels driven into the oil sands to recover some part of the oil which will re­ main after our wells cease to produce. First Big Horn Well in 1906 The Big Horn Basin was the scene of the {Concluded from Page 23.) state in the Union. The nation now needs all that she can furnish. The feet of many thousands are turning to her. She has an imperial domain and she welcomes them. She has brilliant sunshine and vitalizing atmosphere and she bestows vigorous health and virile strength; she has mountains and valleys and plains and she bestows fortunes and homes and acres; she has unlimited opportunities and bestows limitless ambi­ tion; she has unmeasurable potentialities, and she will bestow on all who seek her, with faith and with work, hope, power, mastery and success. third important oil discovery in Wyoming. The presence of oil seepages in the eastern part of the Big Horn Basin, in the vicinity of Bonanza, has been known for many years and drilling was first undertaken in 1888. The first oil well in the district was located in the Byron field—Well No. 1 on Lot 52—completed in 1906. The following year gas was discovered at Greybull and in October, 1908, the first oil well in the Grey­ bull field was completed. The Torchlight oil field was discovered in 1913. Boom days for the oil industry of Wyom­ ing began with the discovery of Grass Creek in June, 1914, and of Big Muddy and Elk Basin in 1915. Lost Soldier was drilled in the summer of 1916 and late that fall the first well reached the deep sand at Big Muddy. Wyoming “looked good” and oil men flocked to the state. Casper was a wild town in 1917. The oil stock exchanges worked overtime and many a man had to spend the night in a chair because every bed in town was occupied. But the pace was too swift—no new discoveries came to stimulate the excitement, and the World War began to absorb more and more of the country’s thought and energy. The speculators moved on. Many, with Dr. Cook, went to Texas. Casper and Wyom­ ing relaxed a bit and then turned again to the serious work of developing the abund­ ant natural resources of the state. Showings of oil or gas have been en­ countered in wells at ninety different lo­ calities in Wyoming, but only about fifty of them were important enough to warrant further development. There are now twenty-one oil and twelve gas fields in Wyoming, which are actually producing. During 1924, there were marketed from these fields, 39,298,130 barrels of oil and about fifty billion cubic feet of gas, to24 �gether with about thirty-five million gal­ lons of natural or casinghead gasoline. Drilling to Go On It is probable that all of the large and reasonably shallow oil fields of Wyoming have been found, but there are still many op­ portunities for the discovery of small accu­ mulations at greater depths and it is antici­ pated that discoveries will continue to be made for many years. The state contains a great many anticlinal folds which have not been tested to the lowest possible oil sand and prospecting will continue until deep wells have definitely shown the value of every area where there is a possibility of oil or gas accumulation. The discovery of oil pools is popularly supposed to be almost entirely a question of chance with the rewards going to the luckiest man. Luck certainly plays a part in the game, but conservative organizations aim to have considerably more than a “hunch” when they authorize an expen­ diture of $5O,OCK) or $100,000 for a wild­ cat well. A brief description of the con­ ditions under which oil occurs and the sur­ face indications of its presence may be of interest. Petroleum originates in and is found in the sedimentary or bedded rocks. These sedimentary rocks are spread out like a great blanket over a large part of the earth’s surface. Probably they can better be com­ pared to a great sheaf of paper for they are built up of a multitude of different sheets or beds of rock. Some of the beds are as thin as paper, while others are hundreds of feet thick, and the total thickness of the sheaf may be many thousands of feet. Most of the beds are composed of shale, but some are limestone and others are sand­ stone. The shale is made up of very minute particles—it is only a hardened and com­ pacted mud—and has so little pore space that water has difficulty in penetrating it. The sandstones are coarser grained and water or oil can circulate quite readily through the pores or spaces between the grains. Limestone usually contains crevices or cavities through which water can pass. Petroleum was probably formed in the orig­ inal mud of the shales and as they compacted was squeezed out into the more porous sandstones and limestones, where it has been moved to and fro by the circu­ lating waters. Oil is lighter than water and in a mixture of the two fluids, the oil will tend to rise to the top. This tendency acts on a mixture of oil and water in the pores of a sandstone or the cavities of a lime­ stone just as it does in a bucket of oil and water, and to it we owe the accumulation of 25 �A beautiful and modern structure is the state Capitol at Cheyenne. Photo by J. E. Stimson. arched up somewhere—like a big parlor rug with a golf ball or some other small object under it. The oil in the sand in the vicinity of that arch would tend to rise and fill the elevated part of the sand while the water would tend to run down to the level part. Presently the entire 100 feet of sand on the top of this arch or dome would be filled with oil—an oil “pool” would have been formed. Let your well drill into this oil filled sand and it will be a “gusher.” The geologist is the man who finds the domes, or the places where the sedimen­ tary rock beds have been so arched up that it is possible for an oil pool to form. But all domes do not contain oil. If they did, every geologist would be rich or every­ body would be a geologist. Wyoming con­ tains hundreds of domes, many of them very highly marked by the rock outcrops, but neither radio nor spiritualism will tell whether there is oil in the sands that lie maybe 3,000 feet below. The only answer to that important question is given by the drill which makes a hole down to that sand and permits you to sample its con­ tents. The Midwest Refining Company has spent millions of dollars in Wyoming drill­ ing holes—“wildcat wells” we call them—to test the domes that our geologists have found. Most of the time we get water— and water that isn’t even fit to drink—but once in a “blue moon” luck is with us and a new oil or gas field is added to our list. 3--------------------------------------------- ij S 6 r x) i c e Twin gushers in a dead heat for production records. A good idea of what a producing well looks like is given here. Quincy Division—Siney McCarty, coun­ try driver, was instrumental in preventing a disastrous fire recently. Siney was mak­ ing a delivery of Perfection to R. J. Hamil­ ton, a farmer, when one of the Hamilton children struck a match over the gas tank of the Hamilton car to see if they needed any Red Crown. Immediately the car burst into flames which no doubt would have spread quickly to the house, since the car was parked right beside it, had not Mac dashed for the ever ready extinguisher on his truck and used it so effectively that the blaze was soon extinguished. Mr. Hamil­ ton was very generous in his praise of Siney’s work, since but a few weeks pre­ viously several large barns on the place had burned to the ground. As it was, the only damage done consisted of painful though not serious burns about the face of the child and a little damage to Mr. Hamilton’s car. our most valuable oil pools. Imagine that there is deep in the ground below you a perfectly flat bed of sand 100 feet thick with its pores containing 1 per cent of oil and 99 per cent of water, and that a well in which you own 10,000 shares of stock at one cent per share (“going to two cents in ten days”) is just drilling into it. One foot of sand at the top will contain oil and the other 99 feet will be all water. The driller will report a “show of oil”, the hole will be abandoned, and your stock will cease to be of value, except for wall paper. The Happy Ending But everyone likes a story with a happy ending so we will fix up the geology a little and try again. Suppose that this bed of sand, instead of being perfectly flat, is 26 �THE COVER The cover design for this issue is the work of W. C. Vandegrift of the main office, Casper Works. Here Mr. Vandegrift has depicted Wyoming— her past, her present realization of the dreams of the early settlers and a faint suggestion of her hopes for the future. The realistic part of the scene is Wyoming as the white man found it— the Indian on his scrawny cayouse, the buffalo, the sage brush, and little else but vast spaces. In the dim mirage above we see the works of civilization. The covered wagon, even now only a memory, is rumbling its way out of the picture over the Oregon Trail, soon to be forgotten entirely. The cowpuncher and sheepherder watch their charges and with the coming of irrigation the farm begins to develop. The oil fields come into prominence and general idustry, still in its infancy, is suggested. What it will finally bring to Wyoming is only in the mind of the prophet. And over it all the eagle still soars and guards his lordly domain. This is the bridge across the Platte at Tor­ rington. The state is doing much to beautify the highways. Photo by State Highway Department. THANK YOU MR. BREWSTER To Mr. O. C. Brewster, chairman of the special committee formed to han­ dle the Casper edition of the Stanolind Record, goes much of the credit for this issue. Mr. Brewster’s connection with the Standard Oil Company {Indiana) contains much that might be of inter­ est to other ambitious young men. He started with the company as a com­ mon laborer in 1920 after graduating as a graduate engineer from Cornell. Shortly after he became centrifuge operator in the lubricating plant, later becoming special engineer in charge of maintenance in the same plant. In this position he attracted so much at­ tention by his ingenuity, ability and excellent personality that he was se­ lected to take charge of the experi­ mental laboratory when it was built in 1922. In this position again his ability was so outstanding that about 1923 he was appointed research physi­ cist and became a member of the Re­ search Laboratory organization, which position he now holds. The above information concerning Mr. Brewster was furnished by Mr. T. S. Cooke.—Editor. ‘ Powder River—Let 'er buck!” The Wyoming war cry that resounded in the World War typified the manhood of the state—virile, ag­ gressive with the never-say-die spirit. Frank Carter is shown riding Edstone. Photo is copy­ righted by J. E, Stimson. 27 �‘T^olarine. tractors Best Blriend Joliet Division—Polarine lubricated all the tractors in a three day tractor demonstration on the farm of Dexter Stocking, near Rochelle, Ill. Thousands of farmers attended the demonstration and saw the good work of Polarine—the tractor’s best friend. Leaning against the drive wheel of the right tractor is D. H. Wells, Joliet’s tractor expert. C. R. Hinton, Rochelle salesman, is the man in the dark coat near the cans,' “Coed Oil Johnny " Beed Honored (The following article, dealing with the retirement of “Coal Oil Johnny” Reed, •veteran service station attendant and Standard Oil Company {Indiana^ employee, was taken from the July 7, 1925, issue of the Kansas City Post. Mr. Reed had many friends as this article will testify.—Editor) F YOU were 67 years old and had worked long enough for a concern so that you had received a pension for life, wouldn’t you just love to find a nice, cool shady spot and rest and rest? I there a while, then I’ll get an easy job somewhere.” “I just have to have something to do, I can’t sit around.” Mr. Reed ten years ago built the modest home in which he lives with a daughter, Mrs. Clarence Smith, from his earnings and he acquired his Ozark farm the same way. So faithful, so industrious has he been that it was not until three weeks ago he broke a record of twenty-five years and was late to work. His watch was slow, he explained, or he wouldn’t have permitted it to happen. “How many vacations have you had?” somebody asked Mr. Reed the other day. “Had three days off once,” he replied. The records of the Standard Oil company show that Mr. Reed took his first vacation three years ago and that after three days of idleness he had to go back to his filling station at the southwest corner of Thir­ teenth street and Baltimore avenue. Mr. Reed’s one big regret is that his But John Reed, 2537 Spruce avenue, isn’t like the rest of the world. Tomorrow night, Mr. Reed, familiarly known as “Dad” or “Coal Oil Johnny,” will work his last for the Standard Oil Com­ pany at its filling station at Thirteenth and Baltimore avenue, having served twentyfive years and having passed his sixty­ fifth birthday anniversary by two years. He will be retired on a pension sufficient to care for all his needs the remainder of his life. “What do I intend to do now ?” “Well,” Mr. Reed answered after repeat­ ing the question he had been considering ever since he learned a week ago he was to be retired. “I guess I’ve done my work for this world, but I wouldn’t mind doing some more.” “First thing, I’m going out in Kansas for about two months and see some folks of mine. Then, I’m going down in the Ozarks, where I’ve got a 40-acre farm. I’ll stay 28 �JJjLy Corne^rstone. at Sa^inaW Saginaw Division—Simple ceremonies marked the laying of the cornerstone of the new Saginaw division office building. In the above photo, a picture of the ceremonies, are (left to right) H. H. Herbert, general office inspector; Eddie Johnson, contractor; H. H. Keating, manager; Charley Lawyer, oldest man in point of service in division, serving company forty-five years; H. E. Anker, advertising department, and Herb Allen, contractor. wife—his companion for forty years—died last January and will not be with him to enjoy the life she always yearned for. “If she were here,” said Mr. Reed, “we’d go down to the Ozark farm to live. She always wanted to do that.” The veteran oil man is a native of Wales. The life of Mr, Reed is a history of the oil business in Kansas City. For twelve years before he became associated with the Standard Oil company, he had been em­ ployed by the National Oil company. In those early days, of the oil business, Mr. Reed drove a team to an oil wagon and “peddled” gasoline and kerosene to grocery stores, to be used more for illumination than for power. Drivers then were in competition, the man selling the most of his product being the most valuable employe. Mr. Reed worked up a large business in the North side and in the downtown district. About that time the Standard Oil company took notice of Mr. Reed’s big business and in­ duced him to sell Standard Oil company products. He accepted and in 1900 took over a Standard Oil wagon. Then came the rapid development of the motor car. Ed Moriarty obtained an agency for selling cars. Mr. Reed obtained Mo­ riarty’s business. Then Robert Greenlease began selling Cadillacs and again Mr. Reed got the business. A Buick agency started, then Ford began selling his product until one day—his record day—Mr. Reed de­ livered 2,350 gallons of gasoline, or 16,450 pounds, which equals 8 H2 tons. There weren’t any tank wagons, either. The gasoline was delivered in 5-gallon con­ tainers and had to be lifted on the wagon and off by hand. �line and oil from “Dad,” as he has been known since he took over the filling station. There are still earlier friends who know him still as “Coal Oil Johnny.” They drive up to his station now and purchase gaso­ line for their motor cars. It used to be re­ verse—“Coal Oil Johnny” used to drive up to their grocery stores and deliver kerosene for their lamps. n^.no'W S&ehs Qrlusband a_______________ _ ____________ s Aid of Standard Oilers is sought by Mrs. Emory Adamson of Wabash, Ind., in the search for her husband, a former employee of the company at Wabash. Mrs. Adamson, on a report that her husband was working at the Casper re­ finery, drove to that city in search of him. The report was unfounded and Casper has undertaken to search for Mr. Adamson. The photos of Mr. Adamson and de­ scription of him are in an adjoining column. Anyone knowing such a person will please inform Mrs. Adamson. Some years ago, Mr. Adamson was kicked by a mule and suffered injuries to his spine. This is thought to have brought on an attack of amnesia which will be cured at a meeting with his wife and children. Above are two photos of Emory A.damson, who disappeared from his home following an accident which is believed to have brought on an attack of amnesia. Mr. Adamson was a former employee of the Standard Oil Company (In­ diana) at Wabash, Ind. He is now 35 years old. The pictures were taken (No. 1) when he was 26, and (No. 2) when he was 28. His hair is brown, his weight is 160 and he is 5 feet 8 inches tall. Quincy Division—The following news story was printed in the La Belle (Mo.) Star under the heading, “Mrs. Culpen Given Check”: “T. P. Jones, assistant manager of the Standard Oil Company, at Quincy, accom­ panied by his wife, arrived in LaBelle yes­ terday, the latter to pay a visit to Mrs. R. H. Seaman and the former to deliver check for $1,400 to Mrs. Riley Culpen, widow of the late manager of the Standard Oil filling station at this place. The check, is an evi­ dence of the manner in which this company looks after the interests of its employees and disproves the oft repeated expression, ‘Corporations have no souls.’ This neat sum of money came to Mrs. Culpen without the outlay of one cent on the part of Mr. Cul­ pen, the protection being given absolutely free by his employer as a token of appre­ ciation for faithful service.” Mr. Reed continued on his wagon until 1920. Horses were obsolete in the business and the company offered Mr. Reed a truck. “No, sir,” said the man who had sold gasoline throughout the city, “I won’t drive one of those things.” He then was given a filling station at St. John and Brighton avenues, where he remained a year. Then he was transferred to the station at Thirteenth street and Balti­ more avenue, from which he will retire to­ morrow. Mr. Reed is credited with knowing more business and professional men in the city than any other resident. For the last four years the majority of the members of the Kansas City club have purchased their gaso­ 30 �Qh&y’re Standard Oil 'lit-mSif'S General Office, Chicago—Recently a big bathing beauty contest was held in Chicago. The niece of A. R. Smith, employees’ chairman of the General Office Joint General Committee, won first prize, and Miss Ethel M. Allen, manufacturing department, won fourth prize, a grand piano. No. 1—A pose of Miss Allen. No. 2—Miss Chicago—Miss Margarita Gonzales—who won a trip to Atlantic City for the national contest, a movie contract and a job in the Rose Marie musical company. No. 3— The pose of Miss Allen that won for her fourth place and a Wurlitzer piano. No. 4—Another pose of Miss Allen taken at one of the Chicago bathing beaches. ��oreman’s Club Qiolds Picnic By U. G. Swartz HE Fourth Annual Picnic of the Foreman’s Fellowship Club of the Whiting Refinery was held Sunday, July 26, at Spring Hill Grove, St. Johns, Ind. The call for cars to meet at the Com­ munity Memorial House at 9:30 A. M. was responded to generously. Banners were passed out for decorating cars and horns to warn all to keep out of the way of the “peerade.” Shortly, under the leadership of William Haman, president of the club, all whirled away for the scene of the day’s activities. About eleven o’clock the cars began pouring in and at eleven thirty, sixty-two cars had discharged their loads of bappy people. Others kept arriving later in the day until there were over one hundred cars. The fun began at once. A giant push­ ball, secured through the courtesy of Capt. John Prendergast, private secretary to Chief Collins; Major John Bander and Mr. Elmer Doonan, civil service department, Chicago police, became immediately the property of the small boys who kept it going constantly. The Standard Oil band was also much in evidence, and provided music from time to time; made unusually delightful by the slight re-echoing under the trees. Harry Rolph with his force of assistants soon became the most popular man on the grounds by inflating and distributing to all the youngsters toy balloons, the gas used causing the balloons to float. Some of these youngsters had gray hair, but all who wished had balloons. However, he was robbed of his popularity when Frank Spors opened up his free ice cream cone booth, and Frank became the idol of the day. He did a rushing trade. The prize for eating the most cones was won by one urchin, who topped the test at fifteen cones. Tables were spread from well filled baskets, and all enjoyed a noon-time feast while the Standard Oil band furnished music. - Followed the first surprise of the day— that the Standard Oil band had a genuine rival in the fiield, and an active one at that. This was seen when Billy Eggers led out his clown Standard Oil “Band-Its”, who really were “its.” Bedecked in fantastic garb with the inimitable Bill as drum major they paraded through the grove to the hearty enjoyment of all and for once the dignified Standard Oil band was forgotten. With drums made of pitch barrels, with har­ monicas and horns they showed how music could make the welkin ring, and even howl. When Bill and his band had returned from their tour, Harry Huggins mounted the band wagon and awarded the lottery drawn prizes. Blindfolded Janet Patton drew the lucky numbers, in each case the fifth num­ ber drawn. As each prize was awarded the lucky winner was appropriately serenaded by Bill Egger’s Band-Its. The first prize, ladies special, was awarded to Mrs. Smith—a two pound box of candy. Billy Eggers, the peerless leader of the Standard Band-Its, was the lucky winner of the prize for men —a beautiful traveling bag, about four by four by six inches, artistically wrought at the Tin Shop out of sheet steel—very dur­ able. The third prize went to D. J. Paskwietz, the golfish, a set of golf clubs and golf bag—Woolworth’s best. For the next hour the dance pavilion commanded general attention, the Standard Oil band furnishing the music. The day was cool and delightful for this activity. Athletic events were called at threethirty on the ball grounds. The following contests were made: Shoe Race—Girls under 12—won by Josephine Parker. Horse Shoes—won by Bercaw and Prentice. Ball Throwing (Distance) — Girls and Women—won by Eleanor Beaubien. Fungo Hitting—Men—won by H. F. Glair. Tug of War—16 men on each side—won by Bransky’s Process team. Three Legged Race—Boys under 18—won by Nichilson and Sanders. Married Couples Race—won by the Bercaws. Push Ball Contest—won by Girard’s Process Team. The base ball game followed immediately after the athletic events, and was much en­ joyed by the large crowd watching it. Lunches were then spread in the grove and dancing followed till nine o’clock. �closing a day of happy events and a very successful effort on the part of the Fore­ man’s Club. Messrs. Hatmaker and Wilson of the Sales Department were much interested in the success of the event, especially of the balloon ascension. The balloons carried a letter of authority for the finder to call at any service station of the Company and re­ ceive, without cost, one “combination” offer consisting of $5.50 worth of the Company’s products at the usual single sale price. Their activities in different event was enjoyed by all. The Management took a decided interest in the success of the picnic, and was rep­ resented by Mr. Warwick, and all the local management, except Dr. Cash, who was away on a vacation. Cas 0 er S. cA. a_______ £— ___ _ __________ 0 By J. E. Frisby Secretary-Treasurer Casper Refinery — On July 7th, 100 shares of Standard Oil Company (Indi­ ana) stock was purchased, thereby com­ plying with the resolution passed at our an­ nual meeting on June 3rd. The stock cost $6,580, which was about the same price we would have been compelled to pay if it had been bought immediately after the annual meeting. But in the meantime we collected $131.50 in interest by not withdrawing this amount from our savings account until after July 1. The increased value of the stock each year should net the association a nice profit. During the month of May there were 9 lost time accidents and 10 during June. Of the 19 cases only 1 belonged to this as­ sociation. From July 1st to 28th there were 11 lost time accidents and only 1 belonged to the Shiftmen’s Benefit Association. The next man to be hurt may be the man who works by your side. Does he belong to the Shiftmen’s so his family will be pro­ tected? Or is he like the 28 who probably thought they didn’t need this protection? It is much better to be able to say “Yonder he goes”, than to say with regrets “How natural he looks”. A word from you may cause him to become a member and thereby assure that our weekly check will keep the wolf from the door in case of sickness or accident. I recall going out of my way about 3 years ago just to persuade a fellow work­ man to send his application to the Shift­ men’s. Later he went “Over the River” and the money this association paid the widow was thankfully received. For the payment of $1.50 his widow received $400 from the Shiftmen’s and the “Over The River Club”. Base Ball By Our Special Reporter Living up to their reputation, and play­ ing as only “World’s Champions” can play, the Renowns, pride of the process gang of Whiting refinery, neatly trimmed their noted rivals the Polarine Speedsters, after one of the liveliest tilts seen in many a day, thereby retaining their championship lau­ rels at the Fourth Annual Foreman’s pic­ nic held at St. John, Sunday, July 26th. “Bullet” Jimmie Burton, ace of the Re­ nown pitching staff, was selected by Muggsy Walker for mound duty. Slim Nielson was hurler for the Speedsters. The first inning with the Renowns at bat was a replica of the bombardment of the Marne, and when the noise, excitement, and what not had died down and the smoke cleared away the champions were on the big end of a 6 to 1 score. In the second, third, and fourth innings for a total of 8 runs, which gave them an 8 to 6 lead. By this time the “Bullet” had found himself and held them to 4 runs in the last five innings, three of which came in the ninth after the game had been sewed up by the champions. After a lull for the Renowns, which lasted through the second and third in­ nings, Pete Gorman opened up in the fourth with a single, which was followed in rapid succession with safeties by Ehlert and Bercaw, and before the side, was retired, three runs were scored. The final score was 16 to 12. Burton and Langhor did battery duty for the Renowns, Nielson and Naef for the Polarines. 3------------- -------------------------------------------------- G QiacZio Songbirds a__________________________ G Chicago Sales Division—If crosswords don’t get you, radio must. So saying, the Harbor Trio, this division’s songsters, rent the ether with half a dozen selections at the Oak Park Arms hotel, station WGES, on July 22. Webb LaVette, Carlson and Olson were the singers. Mr. Scherer was accom­ panist. 35 �36 �J ^e^catur 0{re,rs “oMost He^auHful Hanher'' c)_______________________ —--------------------------------------- Decatur Division—With an idea, perhaps, that nothing more is to be said about beautiful service stations. Manager George F. Phillips of Decatur division offers the above as the “most beautiful truck.” This, to quote Mr. Phillips, “is a photograph of a strictly Polarine tank wagon designed by the management of the Decatur field, to be used at East St. Louis, Ill. The color of this truck is gray, tank, cab, hood, bucket box, all following out the color scheme of our Polarine barrels. Chassis of the truck is red. The railing top of tank, dome covers, railing along running board, headlights, rod guard are all bronze gold. Lettering on side of tank, the word Polarine, also in gold, making a very pretty contrast.” Does Mr.Phillips win the prize without a murmur ? EXECUTIVE ORDER The following changes have been made, to take effect August 1st, 1925: Mr. T. V. Warren from position of Assistant Manager at Davenport, Iowa, to position of Manager at Davenport, Iowa, succeeding Mr. R. G. Stewart, assigned to other duties. Mr. J. J. Leu, Jr., from position of Sales Manager at Mason City, Iowa, to posi­ tion of Assistant Manager at Davenport, Iowa. DECLARE DIVIDEND Chicago, Ill., Aug. 3, 1925—The Directors of the Standard Oil Company (In­ diana) today declared a cash dividend of 62 L2 cents on each share of its capital stock, to be paid September 15, 1925, to stockholders of record at the close of business August 15, 1925. The transfer books of the Company will remain open during the entire period. 37 �Sugar Creek Refinery—The above pictures the personnel o£ three departments at the Sugar Creek refinery that have gone three years without a lost time accident. The departments are the carpenters, the laggers and the painters. The last lost time occurring in any of these three departments was on June 9th, 1922, when a carpenter stepped on a nail protruding through a timber, necessitating a lay-off of a few days. The last lost time accident occurring among the laggers was in June, 1921; and none of the painters has suffered a lost time accident since Safety Records have been com­ piled, and as far as the Safety Department could learn there has never been a lost time accident in the paint department. All of these departments are under the supervision of F. G. Lee. Mr. Lee took charge of the three departments in August, 1921, two months after the last lost time accident occurred; therefore Mr. Lee has a perfect record. It is probably unnecessary to add that Mr. Lee is one of the strongest advocates of safety at the Sugar Creek refinery. By the way—Mr. Lee is the handsome “dressed-up” man in the lower row. UGAR Creek Refinery—Pointing with pride to a record of three continuous years without a lost time accident in the carpenters, painters and laggers department, Foreman F. G. Smith wrote the following congratulatory letter in which he pointed out that not only had the department gone without a lost time accident for three years but through no fault of its work had any other department suffered a lost time accident: S “On June 9, 1925, we passed our third year without a lost time accident. This is a remarkable record and every man in our department is entitled to a word of praise for this perfect score. There has been no accident in the plant caused by defective workmanship of this department, which would be just as serious as an accident in our own department, for we must con­ sider safety for our fellow workmen as well as ourselves. “Do your work the safe way and it will be well done. Be careful of the new man and insist that he work the safe way and all work 100 per cent efficiently, or as {Concluded on Page 39.) 38 �I ^De,ath e,rte,fiis a_________ _ _______________ 0 rjhree 100 ^Percenters A total of $4,6CX) was paid out in accord­ ance with the provisions of the Death Bene­ fits Plan in July, according to the report of Mr. E. G. Seubert. The payments follow: Riley Culpen, died June 19 and his widow, Mrs. Senia Culpen, was paid $1,400. L. C. Rooney, Quincy, died June 26 and his widow, Mrs. Nellie L. Rooney, was paid $500. DeLon J. Burke, Indianapolis, died June 25 and his widow, Mrs. Beulah H. Burke, was paid $500. Frank Kompon, Sugar Creek, died July 10 and Fred W. Klaber, public administra­ tor of his estate, was paid $200. Harry J. Savage, Whiting, died June 26 and his widow, Mrs. Lydia R. Savage, was paid $2,000. Mankato Division—The Fairmont Senti­ nel says: “Tourists and travelling men who visit Fairmont regularly have often been heard to remark that Fairmont’s two Standard Oil filling stations surpass all others for beauty. This credit goes to the gentlemanly attendants who are constantly at work on the grounds in spare moments. Fairmont can well feel proud of its beauty spots.” Whitney and Heller, attendants, are all puflfed up over this splendid tribute in their home town paper. Nice work, boys! (Concluded from Page 38.) nearly so as possible. With 100 per cent safety, with 100 per cent stockholders. “Let’s make our stock pay dividends. “Yours for another year.” Manager G. H. Moffett, hearing of the record made by the painters, laggers and carpenters department, wrote the following letter of congratulation to Mr. A. S. Hurt in which he praised the" work of the department: “It has come to my attention that the department in which our carpenters, paint­ ers and laggers work, has completed three successive years without a lost time injury case and I wish to convey to this depart­ ment through the Safety Division of the Joint General Committee the congratula­ tions of the plant management on such a splendid record. “It is very gratifying to feel that our Chicago Sales Division—Here are three of the youngsters who keep their dads hustling to bring in the where-with-all to make them happy. No. 1—LaVerne Jane Seibt, daugh—Children of S. S. Attendant Wal­ ter of George Seibt. Nos. 2 and 3 ter Reetzke, No. 75 station. employees are so imbued with the spirit of safety and I trust other departments will be able to go through similar periods of freedom from accidents.” 39 �REB CROWN L005t5 TEt^PLR---- RND 40 �WHITING. IND. Pressure Stills.—Fred Bosnick, fireman on the 4th Battery has gone into the glove business. Anyone who has any old gloves bring them to Fred; he has them washed and mended for 2 cents a pair. If he is not on duty leave same in wash room, 4th Battery, in front of his locker. No. 48. Fred Bosnick, fireman on north end of 4th Battery Pressure Stills, came out to work Sat­ urday, July 18, wearing crepe on his arm. When asked who had died, Fred began to weep and said he slept in yesterday and lost a day’s pay. Buchanan, our famous sunshine roller was seen in the Whiting Park Sunday night with all of the Chicago Sunday Tribune under his arm. We wonder why all the paper. More speed the next time Buck. Cleanup Department.—Baseball fans who saw Johnnie Mostil do his stuff July 10 were Jack Prentice, George Fortener, Irwen Dearbon and Carl Moore. Incidentally we took Bill Rose, the other half of the fire department along. George Fortener chevro-layed to Ohio for a vacation the last two weeks in July. Shortly before leaving George was heard singing that old song, “There’ll be somebody waiting for me.” We hope Indianapolis Boulevard will be in good shape when he gets back. John Savage has, purchased a new Dodge sedan, complete with balloon tires and a tow rope. John Kish and Mike Kristoff have returned from their two weeks’ annual outing at Sharp Shooters Park. Steve Ignats has been off sick since June 18. We hope Steve is recovering and will soon be back to work. Tower Stills.—Phil Smith and Charles Casper backed out on their fishing trip to Dayton Lake. If they only knew how many fish you could catch up there they surely would have gone as the fish are so thick up there you have to knock them away from the boat with the oars in order to get the boat to move. Roy Welsby returned last month from a trip to the Wisconsin woods and several large fish were caught, including a muskie 42 inches long weighing 35% pounds. Not so bad. What? Engineering Department.—Would you believe it. C. L. Erickson has a home-made ice box on the running-board of his Ford. We wonder what he keeps cold? Do you remember way back when the car­ load of beer was dumped in the lake and all the boys in the main office were weeping crocodile tears? We understand that that was the only evening this Summer that Dick Powell went in bathing. Still Cleaning Department.—William (“Horse­ shoe”) Stoll is off burning up the roads with the Oakland he won on July 4. After spending many months taking a va­ cation in his mind only, Herman Vater at last took a week off for some real fishing. George Flint has returned from an extended 2-day vacation in Michigan. John Hahn spent his vacation cutting grass in Calumet Park, east side. “Anything to help out on those taxes,” says John. Lee Matthews drove to Maplewood, Mo., in 16 hours, while on his vacation. He says he had no trouble passing Buicks with his flivver, but he could not overtake one Hup. B. S. Voight, the efficiency man at the Still Cleaner’s office, is about ready to leave on his vacation for “back home.” He will knock the natives dead when he tells them how he kept the Standard Oil Company from going into the hands of the receiver. After John Barry took in the Elks picnic at Thornton he should have had a steam roller to drive home instead of a Hup. Jim Lewis has been assisting the foreman for the last few weeks. He has been doing good work, and we hope he gets a chance to show what he really can do when the right time comes. Sandor Szucs, a cousin of the time keeper was on the sick list for a few days. Lee Matthews, still cleaning foreman, drove his Baby Lincoln to St. Louis, Mo., on his va­ cation. He left Chicago at 4:30 a. m., driving on a pre-arranged schedule which he maintained throughout the trip. He purchased nothing but Red Crown and Polarine on the trip. No engine or tire trouble on the way there or back and Mr. Matthews says that Red Crown, Polarine and a Ford made a wonderful cooperative combination. Harold Dunning says he got close on winning the new auto given away on the 4th of July at the Whiting Park as his Brother Foreman Wil­ liam Stoll won it and Harold says that as long as one of the foremen won it he could say he got close. Better luck on the next one, Harold. James Ambros Lewis (Alias 97J) but better known to all who know him as Windy Jim from Lawrenceville is going to purchase a new 4-door Ford sedan, wire wheels and balloon tires, and drive home on his vacation to give the old home guards the surprise of their life. In a Record published a few months ago it was stated that Charlie Woods, the new as­ sistant swing foreman in the still cleaning de­ partment, was going to broadcast his million dollar laugh. Now all you radio fans listen in on Station SCWR (better known as still clean­ ers wash room) on September 15, 1925. Bill says the new one dollar Oakland he won on the 4th of July is sure a good car, and that he will run the wheels hot on his vacation. Lee Matthews says he recalls seeing eleven Buicks and 12 Hups along the road on his trip to St. Louis but he said the little old reliable got him there just the same. Hold your tem­ pers you Buick and Hupmobile owners. We all hope Mr. Porter on his vacation and trip east has as good luck with his Buick as Mr. Matthews did with his Ford to St. Louis. When Mr. Vater came back from his trip to Wisconsin all he brought back was a couple of good fish stories as nobody saw any fish. But he says there were some big ones up there. Mr. Voight is looking forward to a fine vacation this summer as he has a good partner to accompany him (his wife). Steam Department.—John Hahn of No. 7 boiler house was asked how he spent his vacation this year and after a few moments hesitation and with a guilty countenance he finally confessed that he was working for one of his $1.00 a day friends over in Glencoe “cutting grass.” 41 �SUGAR CREEK. MO. Richard Jett, office boy, has been reporting that ht had been taking long drives alone after dusk. His story blew up when a neighboring girl slipped over to his garage early one morning and searched the car for her hat. B F. Gore, welder in the pipe department, wishes to express his appreciation for the flowers and sympathy from the employees of the pipe department in the recent death of his sister. Jack Logsdon, pipe welders helper, proudly announces the birth of a ten-pound daughter, July 26. John Kroll said it was bad enough to be sick without being kidded about it. Mike Hakala, blacksmith, has just returned irotn a pleasant vacation of two weeks, given employees of twenty years service. John Pallo announces the birth of a fine baby boy July 26. Warren (“Sally”) Stark probably never will be the same after the recent arrival of a son. He says he has decided to stay at home at nights and probably will start to Sunday School. . Curtis Wright, foreman of the filling racks, has just returned from a vacation. It may be a coincident that his car was wrecked before he decided to take it. Johnny O’Hara, youngest of the clan, recently a job as helper at the main pump house, which so elated him that he took unto himself a bride. Speaking of the O’Hara family, the mail boy wore out two perfectly good new golf soles, walking around the plant trying to deliver a letter addressed to a Mr. O’Hara, Jr. Finally he took It back where he got it and found that the party was a new key-knocker and intended the epistle for Jim O’Hara, Jr. B. F. Lee, amateur gardener on the side, re­ cently was proudly displaying some tomatoes weighing nearly two pounds each. This one is vouched for by A. S. Hurt. J. A. Hininger, of the shipping department, recently was explaining to the other employees that It was his wife’s driving, not his that caused his recent visit to the police court in Kansas City. It was ever thus. The question is: “What did Clarence E. Spitzer have in the little brown jug on the recent party of the Limberger Club.” Thomas R. Chandler, Independence councilman and assistant foreman of the pipe department, recently was congratulated by the sales department because of his influence in securing contract from the city of Independence, Mo., for the exclusive use of Red Crown for one year. A. J. Creviston, fireman on the pressure stills became the proud father of an eight and one-half pound girl, June 30. Tom Hart, stillman at the tower stills, has a new Gardner 6. Mr. and Mrs. G. A. Carr announce the birth of a son, June 28, whom they have given the name of John Newman Carr. Jester Paschal, the Standard Oil Athletic Asso­ ciation’s king of swat and pressure still helper, was passing around the cigars, July 19, and smil­ ingly announcing the birth of a nine-pound daughter. John Olinsky Jr., and Ray Simms, testers in the inspection department, both enjoyed a week’s vacation during the hot weather in July. Alvin 42 Duncan, switchboard operator, also took a week off and visited the boys down in South Missouri. He reports the fishing rotten. WOOD RIVER, ILL. General News.—The: old stills from No. 1 Crude have been carted from their old settings. Some were hump backed and some had developed a waist line but all were found to be good for a few years more service. The band concerts have been going good and are mighty fine these Summer evenings when the Red Crown tooters fill the air with music. Our band exchanged with the celebrated Edwardsville band recently and we enjoyed a concert by the Edwardsville organization. A duet entitled, ‘ California Here I Come,” was sung by Messrs. Tuley and Lang during the vaca­ tion season. Earthquakes, glass bottom boats, deep sea fishing and oranges! Oh, Boy! “Doc” Council and his helper, Mr. Taylor were forced out at first (Aid) recently by the Old Summer Flu bug. Athletks.—The men’s handicap tournament has been finished with Jake Forter winning. Twentyfour entered the tournament and all played ex­ cept one or two who left on vacations. The finals were played July 19 between L. D. Palmer and Jake Forter, with Forter winning, 6—4, 4—6, The elimination tournament has started and the winner of that tournament will be refinery cham­ pion and will represent us in contests with the Western Cartridge Company. The ladies have not finished the handicap tour­ nament. The best excuse we have received from itiem for not finishing yet, is that the weather has been too warm. Many are using the courts this year and all are agreed that the game has no equal in promoting health and good times. Horseshoes.—The tournament is being held throughout the plant and the indications at this time are that several new men will be seen at the top of the list before the season ends. An account of the final standings will be published in the next issue of the Stanolind Record. Club.—The members of the gun club have gone in with the other clubs of Madison and St." Claire Counties and formed an association which holds monthly shoots. In July the shoot was held in East St. Louis with the home club team winning the honors. John McClintock of No. 4 Pressure got high score with 49 out of 50. Howard Gibson also got in the money with 45 out of 50. Gibson has made the best score on the Standard Oil shooting grounds with 96 broke out of 100. The next shoot for the Madison-St. Claire County Association will be held here on the Standard grounds at the river in September. A large number of sportsmen attend these shoots and anyone is invited to come out who enjoys seeing Blue Rocks destroyed. Baseball.—Our team is certainly going in fine form this year with a clean sweep of all games in the first half of the Industrial League season The second half was slated to start the 25th with a game with Box Board but a fire the night previous at the Box Board, in which the ball players took part trying to extinguish the fire, was responsible for the game being called off. �The Red Crowns got a little local competition recently with the Wood River Business Men s team. The first game was played in June and the Red Crowns were defeated, 7-1. July 11, the second game was played and the Red Crowns won, 3-2, in a 13-inning game. The next game will decide the little series. In the second game Tony Federle pitched the thirteen innings and in that time gave only four hits. Association picnic will be reported in the next issue of the Stanolind Record. Masons.—The Mason Department went picnick­ ing recently on Indian Creek. The activities can be summed up by saying they ate and drank, not much eating and no fishing. The main dish was Italian, prepared by members of the crowd. The department had Messrs. C. F. Hall, Shorty Henry and Joe Lamm as guests and a merry time was enjoyed by this fine crowd. This form of diver­ sion is recommended to other departments. Mr. and Mrs. Ed. Trotter are proud over the arrival of a baby boy and they have our best wishes for the new member of the family. Wes Koenneker has returned to work after being sick a week. This illness occurred the week following the big picnic but it is too much to assume that rampage had anything to do with the illness. Jim Tardino is reported doing fine and is around on his feet again. Jim has been gone a long time and we expect him back soon. Same old stuff about Harkey’s not being able to come to the picnic and we know he would have enjoyed it so much. Acid Works.—Jack Hubbard has gone to the Ozarks for his vacation, where the air is sweet and the nights always cool. We have at last found out how Joe Evans gets so much speed from his new car. He says he has ‘Cadillac Cdands’ grafted on it. A baby boy was born to Mr. and Mrs. Tony Pavelek, July 16, and the lad is doing fine. Congratulations to the parents. Pipe Department—Steve Kladar is doubly blessed now with the arrival of two fine baby boys. “Smoke up,” says Steve. “Smoke twice.” We congratulate Mr. and Mrs. Kladar and wish the boys a happy life. Filling Racks.—Bill Cook, Jr., has been away on account of illness for some time which is reported to be serious. We certainly hope it is not and he can return soon. Mr. Schmeidler has quit filling cars and will now inspect them for the C. & E. I. Best wishes. Stand by, say Mr. Shook, when they take the top off a car of hot asphalt. Blacksmiths and ITfiWers.—Mr. Bacheldor spent his vacation up in Canada where it’s cool and you can quench a thirst. Mr. Hamer came back from his vacation, and that is about all we can report. “Red” was about Alton all the time but no one saw him during the two weeks. He very likely worked two shifts in bed and one at the table. Mike Cummings is a new joiner in the welding department. We must report that Mr. Britton, Texas welder, is ably representing the department on the tennis courts. Boiler Department. —W. Yenny, A. Fosha and friends were fishing in Otter Creek recently where they catch fish by logging and diving for them. The water is about twenty-five feet deep in that creek. They were not able to get any fish but located a good supply of sweet corn. Harry Meador, old timer, has returned. The last time Harry left he was headed for the Pacific Coast. Harry was in the department when the refinery was built. “Skinny” Westbrook has tomatoes which, we understand, are worth 27 cents a pound. These must be from those valuable seeds which sell for $1.50 an ounce. J. Bennett is another Old Timer returned. Mr. Bennett was here last, about five years ago. William (“Big Bill”) Meisner is reported mak­ ing plans to go to a real dry place for a rest and will head for Kansas. A friend later said they had been mistaken because he didn’t say Kansas, he said Canada. Machine Shop.—]oe Schenk has proven himself a real fisherman. Recently some of his neighbors missed chickens and geese and a large turtle was seen while grabbing a chicken near the edge of the water so Joe caught this enormous turtle and tied it to his back porch, near his favorite hound. Going out a few minutes later, he found his dog gone and Joe decided to take no further chances with the rest of his livestock and killed the turtle. (Now altogether.) William Shampine has taken unto himself a wife and like most newly-weds, says married life is the only life. Good luck and more power to you Billy. Those wishing to ride back and forth with Frank Meyers, had better speak up since he is about ready to turn her loose. If the manage­ ment wishes to tear out the south wall of the machine shop to make it cooler there and give more light, Frank will guarantee a good job with his bus. The official bouncer is the proud papa of a baby girl. This makes two girls and a boy in the family. The machine shop wishes to congratulate Mr. and Mrs. Schenk. Lubricating Department.—D. Naef has returned from a visit with old friends at Whiting. Don reports a fine time and that he made the drive from Chicago to Wood River in eleven hours in his Baby Lincoln. “Toots” Halloran is having his vacation^ at this time down in the Missouri Mountains. “Toots” reports the Moonshine is fair tonight down in the Ozarks. Harry Wilkening recently returned from a fish­ ing trip to the Ozarks and reports lots of bites. (Mosquito?) There is much speculation around the clay plant about why Art Swope had his hair clipped. While visiting a nearby institution recently. Art hap­ pened along just as the barber was clipping hair and Art being next in line, the near-sighted bar­ ber forcibly applied the clippers. If you hear a loud conversation around the clay plant, don’t be alarmed. It is only Tom Point, Charles Locke and Massey Hays explain­ ing the merits of their new Star automobiles purchased recently. Harry Mahoney has the record for running steam stills. He ran two stills so fast the other night he burned the bearings out of the gauge­ bob wheel, filling up the receiver and pumping it out again. We might also mention that Lady Luck has been hovering around Harry. For the �price of 30 cents he won a tailor made suit recently at a raffle of a fraternal order, Massey Hays is the proud father of a baby girl. Thanks for the cigars, Massey. Laboratory.—Ed McCredie is sample boy now while Beaumont Parks is taking his vacation. Beaumont is spending a month in the C. M. T. C. camp. Russell Pinkerton is back on the job after an absence due to tonsilitis. Pinke says if he did not care so much about having his tonsils removed he could feel fine now. Kathleen Halloran, Ethel Hooper, Hilda Deuer, Edna Dietz, Genlis Giesleman and Beaumont Parks have all been on the sick call this past month. Not only the laboratory boys are sporting new cars but the girls are following in line. Miss Dorothy Bandy in partnership with her brother is driving a fine new Star coach. Dorothy at the wheel makes a fine chauffeur even though she does forget to use the clutch. The lab girls have been playing some interest­ ing games of tennis. Most of the girls are new players but they have defeated some of the more experienced players in the tournament. Miss Bandy won from Miss Schueler in a very close game but later lost to Miss Mary Hoefker of the main office. Miss Hoefker also defeated Miss Deuer. We were looking to Miss Brown as our star player but she was defeated by Miss Hallo­ ran. Now, Kathleen, it is up to you. Hugh Christy spent his vacation in Cuba. Of course it was Cuba, Ill., but that made no differ­ ence to Hugh, we understand, so far as good times and refreshments were concerned. The tennis handicap tournament did not last long with the lab boys. C. Van Duesen is now a fully qualified life saver and has a lovely white badge to prove it. His examination for this honor included many difficult water stunts. One requirement was to dive to the bottom and fully undress, then dive back and get the clothing from shoes to cap. Charles can almost live under water now if he is allowed to come up for meals, and has the right to save anybody’s life any place. Mr. Witthofft has a fine new car now and E. Hartwig has a Ford. Earnest says that part of the agreement made, was to the effect that he should be ready at any time to tow Bill back to town. Pressure Stills.—Starr Oulsen has become a hard road booster. He cleaned up a couple of dollars recently with his wheel of fortune which will be spent on good roads near Fosterburg. Arthur Slater is also on his vacation at the time this is written and has combined his vacation with a honeymoon trip to the Ozarks. “Art” and his bride have the congratulations of the pressure department and we wish them a long and happy life together. George Wilkens is moving back to the city. His future home will be in Upper Alton. This is another proof of the saying that you can take the boy out of the city but it’s hard to make him stay. Carpenters.—Eddie Lutz has returned from the Ozarks where the air is refreshing and as exhila­ rating as old wine and the mountains are covered with the dews of gladness. Eddie spent most of his time fishing and hunting. W. Burgan, Wes Mathie and Claude Burris are promoting a new organization called the Sowell Hunting and Fishing Club. Ralph (“Sox”) Parker has a family now, a baby boy, and “Sox” is very happy, “Sox” always was a good receiver. Best wishes to the mother, the baby and friend “Sox.” “Dad” Burris is taking a vacation now. Driv­ ing around, calling on old friends. Crude Stills.—Robert Ford, Stillman at No. 6 house, is the owner of a new Ford sedan, but seems to have very little control over the new Ford. After having some interesting escapes on his first trip, he drove home and ran right through the new garage he had just built. W. Thurston, still cleaner, is furnishing the boys with garden truck. He has oversized toma­ toes and expects to get three truck loads of cucumbers oft of six vines. Even George Buck could not beat that. George Gillham, Stillman at No. 6 house, is making a trip up through Wisconsin. He said he had read much about that beautiful country (in the Stanolind Record, we imagine), and wanted to look over the land of promise. CASPER, WYO. On July 26 a goodly number of refinery em­ ployees attended the gathering at Bessemer Bend, where the Historical Society held a very in­ teresting program. Old settlers were in at­ tendance, and talks made from the site of the first building in the State of Wyoming. One attendant arrived in Wyoming in 1864. This re­ union was held near Goose Egg Ranch, famous in fiction, “The Virginian.” A general basket lunch followed the program. It is said the “early bird gets caught,” meaning that the game wardens made a rough passage for the poachers on sage chickens, and many a man paid penalty this year. The observance of the law tends to bring happiness and saves those spare shekels the judge might take. While the Red Crowns are not occupying first place in the Oil City League, the combustion department team is rapidly assuming the lead in the inter-department contest. With the silent moral support of our department, “Dick” Row­ lands and the active, bombastic, gyrations of Manager E. Period and Jay Mullenix, the other teams are being defeated with regularity. Last week “Oskar Muscovite” Howard’s pipe de­ partment was knocked over, S-4, and this week “Doc” Jenkin’s crude stills from No. 3 ate the dust to the tune of 8-6. The team consists of a few old timers who should be through but don’t know it, with the balance aspiring to Babe Ruth’s crown. The line-up at present is as fol­ lows : “Kid” Tobias and “Weather Beaten Bud­ dy” Gleghorn are on the receiving end; “One Round” Dowler and “Smoke” Jones on the hurl­ ing mound; “Caruso” Dayliss on first; “Silent” Smith and “’Gimme a Cigarette” Dunn hold down second; “Youngster” Charley Jabelamn picks them_ up at short with “Fred, himself, your Clothier,” Hussion at third. In the out­ field “Blizzard Pete, Himself” Alkire, “Slivers” Bratager, “Ford Coupe” Allen, “Fusser” Steele and E. Period cavort in the outfield. �Then, when the 4th was over and the long line of cars were slipping about in the mud, “Penny” Nichols passed ’em up with his bug, and skipped about like a water spider. He was determined to reach home, whether or not, and mud was no barrier. The Second Annual Picnic of the refinery electrical department was held July 19 at Lower Garden Creek, with 72 present and one dog. Wives, children, and sweethearts of electrical employees watched with abated breath the feature of the picnic, or the ball game, in which several men were crippled on the grounds, and more on Monday. Innumerable pounds of victuals were consumed and to say it was all a success would be mild. If you drive through the Standard Addition some evening you will decide that it is the show residence of the district of Casper. Standard employees show they love home and this dis­ trict cannot be outdone by any home section in the State for beauty and display of thrift. Vacation tales seem to come from the seven Seas. Tom went to Nubraska, Jim saw Colorado, Max relates of the wonders of California. And one more evidence of the generosity of the com­ pany in allowing employees two weeks on time, comes forward. Mack Davis, wife and little daughter spent an enjoyable vacation in Yellowstone Park and ad­ jacent country to Jackson Hole. The daughter took keen delight in feeding the bear, and the thrills of big trout held Mack fast. Albert H. Morris now speaks of Martha Loraine who arrived in his household the other day, and with the twinkle of pride when speak­ ing of her, it is quite easy to guess who holds the scepter in the household. Mrs. Morris’ pride is not to be outdone by that of the ‘Secretary.’ John H. Gibbs tells of good fishing and scenic miles between here and Salt Lake. Also of one “colored puson” who paid for a damage in­ flicted on John’s car when the dark-man backed into it. John’s way of making the collection was sure, but firm. We are glad he collected. On July 11 at St. Mark’s Church in Casper, Miss Leia E. Forsling and Frank Matthews of the accounting department were united in mar­ riage. If good wishes and spoken words count, they should be showered with happiness for many a July 11th to come. Tokens of Matt’s hap­ piness were generously passed out and we all smiled smiles for the happy couple. Mr. Lobdell of the Industrial Relations De­ partment has a healthy growth of climbing wood­ bine started along the walls of the Industrial Building, with an idea of further beautifying the building, one of the many items Don is con­ tinually promoting to make you glad you are an employee of the Standard Oil Company (Indiana). Earl Caldwell gnawed roasting ears back “where the tall corn grows” (in Iowa) during vacation time, and watched the snails whizz past. To spend some of the time in the corner drug store while home, and hear your favorite phon­ ograph selection “The Storm” is no small treat and Earl enjoyed it, along with other amuse­ ments. Henry Bennick with pride and propriety, piloted his Detroit cousin through Yellowstone Park, during his vacation and the wonders of Wyoming made one more convert for our State. “Willie White Hawley” spent his two weeks on the ranch and right away offered his son three cents per head for gophers, dead or alive. With forty or fifty a day showing up “Willie” nearly went bankrupt. He can say at least that he has a livestock ranch. GREYBULL, WYO. Plant No. L—Homer Williams is spending his vacation in the Big Horns fishing. Fred Frary is sporting a new Durant touring car. Superintendent Lockard is back on the job again after two weeks’ vacation in Pittsburgh, Pa. . . P. L. Truax has gone on a fishing trip in Shell Creek basin. The big fish had better look out because he throws a wicked hook. D. E. Yandell is wearing a broad smile these days. His family has returned from Dallas, Plant No. 2.—Superintendent Warren was in Casper recently on company business. The writer recently enjoyed a short visit with Percy Shorey of the Casper Refineries. Percy, who was with the Greybull plant for several years, was transferred two years ago. He was a hard worker here and is a hard worker there. His friends will be glad to hear that everything is lovely with Percy. Some of the boys strayed “far from the trod­ den paths of man” in quest of undisturbed fish­ ing haunts. They easily found the ideal fishless stream and did a fifteen mile hike before emerg­ ing into civilization. W. T. Hughes, office manager, says he likes his unsophisticated ang­ ling but prefers the streams containing at least a few of the game beauties. Charley Heckard, formerly of Plant No. 2, Greybull, returned from his present location at Casper for a short visit with old friends and associates. Bill Robinson, who has alternated between electric welding and pipe departments, has been transferred temporarily to the welding force at Casper. Claude Derby, in charge of the store room, has returned from his vacation and reports a most wonderful time. Claude, with his brother and their families, spent most of the time seeing the wonders of Yellowstone National Park. And now comes Chief Bluejacket, welder, an­ swering the call of his noble ancestors in search­ ing for the thrill of the trout’s nibble from the pools of unexplored waters. Exultant in the belief that he had found a new head of “Medicine Lodge,” famous for its speckled wonders, and planning to keep the secret for himself and se­ lected friends. Big Jim led his party downward into what soon proved to be a box canyon with practically inaccessible walls. Dangling their tackle unsuccessfully in each promising eddy, they covered miles and miles. At last, Green Simp­ son, blacksmith, wearied and turned aside. Scal­ ing the walls with the aid of his pocket block and tackle he returned to the car and met the other boys in the meadows fifteen miles below. Green says he’ll never again follow Big Jim down a creek that drys up every summer. 45 �Frank James of the storeroom and a pioneer of the saged bad lands attended the old settlers pic­ nic at Hyattville. Frank came in with a sore arm from the strenuous handshaking attending such events. Fred Koschei, who has been with the company for several years in different capacities, recently quit to accept a position as chef with the Griffin Inn. Fred knows his stuff as a disseminator of ham and. A generous reward is being offered about the plant for information leading to the whereabouts of “Mike,” cat of warehouse fame. Mike with her only baby has disappeared in a queer way and in spite of her education and cute tricks seems unable to find her way back to the store. Several of the boys from Plant No. 2 attended a picnic given at Otto, Wyo., in celebration of Brigham Young’s advent into the Great Salt Lake Basin seventy-five years ago. The event, an annual, affair, was well attended and everyone had an enjoyable afternoon. LARAMIE, WYO. H. M. Gray recently underwent an operation at Cheyenne and we understand he is getting along very nicely. Roy Stewart went and did it; he bought that new Buick Coach and when you see him going down the street he spreads that grin from ear to ear. He and family spent a short vacation in the Encampment country. E. L. Knight, chief clerk, is a real papa now. It’s a big baby girl and her name is Lyell Knight. “V” doesn’t need any sleep any more, he says he weaned himself, as he now has the job walking the floor and being the nurse. Al Musser is changing, he is strolling about in the state of oblivion. ATTENTION — T. M. Bingham; Chicken season is now open and we don’t mean grouse. Stricker, Miner and Knight, the three “Musty tears,” have come home. They fought gallantly for their country which the white streak around their faces plainly shows. But now they want to go back and it breaks their hearts. Be brave boys, be brave. George Goodman, Stillman, spent a few days in Denver taking in the sights and buying some new furniture for his house. Charles Hofman and relatives from Casper, spent several days at the Snowy Range, fishing and taking pictures. Don Hunton, shipping clerk, bought a new golf suit, which is to enable him to ship cars a little better. By the way, Don lost a lot of jewelry in Denver and we are now informed that the costly trips have ceased—some jewelry came back. He recently purchased a new Ford coupe, got himself a new girl—and—the jewelry disappeared again. Mr. P. A. Ward surprised himself and family just recently by showing agility heretofore undis­ covered. However, said “agility” failed to accom­ plish the purpose for which it was displayed, whether or not the propounder of it, i.e., Mr. Ward, was overly anxious to accomplish his mis­ sion, is still causing a great deal of discussion. One night recently, Mr. Ward was awakened in the wee hours of the morning, by Mrs. Ward who told him that some one was in the house. Phil says that he turned on the light immediately, and saw standing over his bed—a stranger. Now just what would you have done in a case like that? Phil’s story is that he sprang from his bed to catch the man, but by the time said “agility” had begun to work, said burglar was clearing the back fence. Even though Mr. Ward didn’t get results direct, he succeeded in protect­ ing his household, and preventing a loss of any kind. Nice going, Phil, old man, and you may be sure that none of us are envious of you and your experience one little bit. F. O. Blair is spending his vacation at home, polishing floors and fixing up the new addition which he built to his house. Harry Cotton from Casper spent a few days with us on company business. John Hart was married to Lulu Estes on July 2, in the Christian Church at Fort Collins. 'TTie happy couple are now home to their friends on North Pine. Congratulations from the bunch and may your troubles be “little ones.” Banty Rouse reports great sorrow on the Little Laramie River, as Banty brought home a trout 17% inches long. Now that he knows where they are he will bring in several more. CARLINVILLE, ILL. T. W. Starbuck, Correspondent Miss Alice Loehnberg, one of our genial black­ smith’s lovely daughters, was married recently to Russell O. Cotter of Indianapolis. Mr. Cotter is an artist. Mrs. John Kroeger is on the sick list we are sorry to hear. We are pleased to know, however, she is improving nicely. Dale Jarman, alias “Boojie,” is quite sore around the shoulders and arms as a result of in­ structing a certain “Fair One” in the art of rowing. Hot sun, blisters, etc., meant nothing to our hero so long as “she” was attentive and eager to learn. Tod Porter, better known as “Katy,” recently had a narrow escape from serious injury when the Ford roadster in which he was riding to work hit a bad place in the road and catapulted him into the gutter. He was bruised some and badly shaken up but nothing serious. Katy closely re­ sembled a turtle on its back when he was helped to his feet. Gerald Baker, sheik of the construction gang, has a job driving a truck for a bridge contractor in Bluffton, Ind. John Swanson who was in the hospital quite a while is improved sufficiently to be back home again. John is convalescing at his beautiful sum­ mer home at Schoper Lake. From what we had heard we are surprised that John is still a bache­ lor, especially after being among so many pretty nurses so long. Our old friend, Joe Valle, is back with us again as check weighman. He has a grocery and meat store in Standard City which required his atten­ tion for awhile but now that he has it on a good running basis he has returned to his regular job. Talking about trading machines. Freddie Eng­ land of the Power House swapped his Lizzie that would always run for a Chewy that refuses to run most of the time. Puzzle: Who got stung? Freddie has named it Maud. Joe Laws is now engineer on the yard engine succeeding Frank Gibberson who has a pipe fit­ ting job in East St. Louis. 46 �After considering .all the evidence and arguing the case for a week George (“Monkey Wrench”) Gosnell and Howard Reynolds have decided that Scopes can teach other people’s kids that their grandpas were monkeys if he wants to, but there are no monkeys swinging in their family trees. And such may be the case, but we are too polite to pass any remarks such as the “Monk” might be as much ashamed as they. Anyhow, George’s nickname sounds suspicious. Since Art Hibbard has changed his place of residence we also are beginning to note a change in his speech, as for instance he used to say “I ’ad a ’arcl time of hit yesterday, doncher know.” Now he says, “Oi had a hard toime of it yistiday be jabers.” Hib lives in the third ward now. Jimmie Casson is percolating over the highways now in a new Star touring car. It is rumored that Jimmie has to keep the windshield open so he can throw out his chest. Joe Crosby, son of our face Itoss, is working in St. Louis for the Illinois Power Company. Joe graduated from high school this Spring. Judging from the appearance of Ethel’s hair she has de­ cided to take her brother’s place at home. This boyish bob seems to be becoming quite popular, too. As we drive past “Bobby” Burns’ large and well kept garden we can’t help admiring it. We hear that “Bobby” is taking contracts for potatoes and tomatoes in carload lots. Ernest Hutchens must have been stepping on the gas lately. He came in with a broken spring, and two blowouts. Did you outrun the speed cops, Ernest ? Speaking of speed we hear that Jesse Gempp (Andy Gump) pulls his gas lever down three notches instead of two now, but then Jesse is a careful driver and can control his flivver even under this increased acceleration. Anyone getting hurt now will travel in style and comfort as our ambulance is now equipped with large balloon tires which will add much to its easy riding qualities. It is rumored that several of the members of our official family are not so green on the “greens” as they once were. In fact they were on the Hillside Country Club team which played Alton here and almost won. Just to show the Altonites that they were game they went to Alton last Sunday and almost won again. Earl (“Dizzy”) Anderson says he stood eighth but we counted up and found out that there were only eight on the team which kind of weakens his case somewhat. Those on the Carlinville team were: Harry Daley, Lionel Moise, C. W. Clark, Dr. R. H. Bell, A. L. Hibbard, Earl Anderson, E. A. Ibbetson and F. P. Nims. After looking that line-up over we don’t see how they could have lost both games. Referring to the “evolution” trial we figure that Jake Werner instead of having monkeys for ancestors must have had fish as Jake says he used to be some swimmer and diver when he lived back in Cincinnati. He could do a fancy dive and stay under water fifteen minutes which we claim is a world’s record. Boy, page Major Hoople. Mrs. Lowell Adair, formerly Grace Loehnberg, is here visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs. George Loehnberg. GENERAL OFFICE, CHICAGO Fifth Floor.—We extend our deepest sympathy to Miss Foote, whose father passed away very suddenly. Our deepest sympathy goes out to Miss Morrison, who recently lost her sister. At last Tillie Lyman had her hair bobbed. There are now just about six horse and buggies left on the fifth floor. They are gradually falling one by one. Equipment Department.—From all reports, the weekly meeting at Joe Didesch’s house was a success. What say, Bahr ? Sandquist bought some chewing tobacco? As a coffee maker Evelyn Swenson cannot be beat. Looks as though Ann Rommell is going to lose her job. It has been rumored that Gert Moran has a regular sweetie now. She hasn’t admitted it but that new ring looks suspicious. Manufacturing Department.—Agnes Brandt is wearing a beautiful new diamond ring. We’ve been expecting this, Fred. Bessie Schneider and Carrie Zimmerman have joined the ranks of the bobbed heads. You sure look fine, girls. Joe Sohurek has about decided to cast his vote for the selection of our old friend, George Varcoe, for censor on Boul Mich, although Joe Skorcz and Jack Crothers are furnishing plenty competition. Doc Coulter has not lost his fascinating charm. He is still as popular with the sixth floor beauties as ever. A. R. Smith claims Johnny Wyand is leading him astray. Has anybody noticed the speed of Frankie Martinek of the billing department at 5 P. M ? Well, it’s a peach from the top floor of the Seeberger building. That’s the cause of it all. General Manager’s Office.—Don’t crowd anti don’t push, girls, but Major Parker is a “widow” during July and August, and he’s lonesome. Miss Vivian Woodward, who is the “infant” of the technical department claims distinction as the only long-haired girl in these parts, but if we had pretty golden brown hair like hers, we’d hesitate, too. Yes, it’s certainly too bad, but we’re afraid they’re going to have to send Dr. Kinney to Kankakee. When last seen he was trying to count the stitches in a square inch of silk, and when they get that bad, there isn’t much hope. And he was such a nice boy, too. J. G. Lannin and Walter Blodgett proved most model husbands when “my wife is in the country. Hurrah.” Every evening they would console each other by dining together, then solving cross word puzzles, playing a game of casino and retiring at 9:00 P. M., then arriving at their desks the following A. M. with the rosy blush of morn tinting their cheeks and the liveliest execution. Ye bachelors of the somnolent moods try this Franklinite simplicity and note results. Cupid’s dart did no grazing but hit Jimmie Reehoff in a vulnerable spot, with attending complications of taking circuitous routes to the doorway, halting en route, soft whispers, and— who may the fair damsel be? Ask Jimmie, he knows. 47 �A caret must be placed in article appearing in August number on changes in G. M.’s department, a most important item having been omitted, viz: That of John G. Gutgsell directly succeeding A. A. Johnston as chief germinator of plots to increase our interest in the stock purchase plan by ceaselessly go-getting. The higher the cliff the steeper and more difficult the ascent, but Johnnie has qualified for the Alpine Club, his eligibility having been proved by climbing peaks 10,000 feet and over. The top o’ the earth to you. J. M. Moore has no time nor leaning towards hiking over moors and fens. At present he is moored to a walking desk which shifts to a new niche bi-weekly. On a tropical evening he showed his versatility by ably guiding a half dozen stenos on a voluminous job after hours, which under Mr. Essery’s direction, and the humorous drolleries of both, faded into nothing­ ness ere one was aware. H. G. Stanley, first as a commuter and second because he is the post master for the G. M.’s department, matutinally rises with the birdies and chickies to maintain his standard of never tardy, found several mornings that the mail was loaded with myriads of picture postals showing scenes along Fox Lake and the Fox River, sent by Arthur Frederickson vacationing in that region to the indispensable contingent (hark girls). Arthur’s thoughtfulness and Mr. Stanley’s rapidity of delivery were most marked. “Leona Triem on the ’phone.” Someone is steadfast in his attention, judging from the calls going and coming. Ain’t it nice ? And there was Miss Jackson engaged in lengthy conversations with a handsome dark-eyed Arab. Most interesting. We may be envious at that. Stoney returned from her yearly outing as brown as a thrush, bringing with her some in­ triguing photos. Oh boy, are they beau-tiful! Frankie has such a youthful look that she has resorted to pincers to change her appearance to a grown-up. And besides, her playfulness in going down the avenue to luncheon has resulted in much jocularity among the most dignified. She can break the ice at seven o’clock informal dinners to the queen’s taste. Try her. Purchasing Department.—Ever since the last calamity on the ladder, Mark Howard, before ascending eats a life saver. Food logic, Mark. We wish Frank Stupec would confirm the rumors that South Chicago has been annexed by Roseland. It was worth the price of admission to see the expression of R. W. Ringrose, when Miss Leppert returned from her vacation and calmly an­ nounced that she did not get married. What did C. A. Levy mean when he said “monkey business ?” Was he reading the Dayton trial or did he see the circus tents in Grant Park? Tear-a-ble, simply pathetic. Honest injun? Bertha Walker flashed a diamond ring, with the intention of having it appraised. Everything went swell until some one discovered that it had a peek-a-boo effect, and blooey went the air castle, ring and all. Wanted, A brown derby to use as a collection box. Doc Beamer will furnish the music via the harmonica and F. H. Bosworth will do the act with the derby. 48 Found: A brand new kind of Swiss move­ ment. It was discovered through accident while we watched Harold Syljibeck box. Quite a clever lad in moving the opposite direction. Yes, we have no bananas, can be con­ scientiously said by our Richard Rice. He is now purveyor of food stuffs for our famous fleet of lake boats. July 20, red letter day for Miss Privot! No, not a man, either. Our baseball team was hitting on all eight— until our manager, Ted Johnson, went on his vacation. Then they dropped two in a row. It looked as if the entire team helped Ted to en­ joy his vacation in spirits, or such some place as that. The purchasing department extends to the Misses Forthune its deepest sympathy in the loss of their mother. CHICAGO SALES W. G. Steinmeyer, Correspondent Harry Blix, M. S. Walker and Art Emrath Associate Correspondents S. S. Notes.—We regret to report the death of Mrs. Russell Lyman, wife of Attendant Lyman of S. S. 6, Madison and Kilpatrick. In the last issue of the Record we forgot to mention one of the star ball-players of the famous construction department nine. Louis Radcliffe is the stellar first-baseman for the con­ structions. Louis also swings a wicked bat—oc­ casionally he runs for third base instead of first, but slight errors of that sort are overlooked by his fellow-players, as he is such a fast firstbaseman. Asa Fagan, father of Attendant Paul Fagan of S. S. 170, Chicago and Oakley, died on August 1, we are extremely sorry to report. We regret to learn of the death of the brother of Attendant Emil Dorman of S. S. 519, 47th and Western, on August 1. We extend our sympathy. Attendant T. O. Tanner of No. 526, LaSalle and Illinois, quite boastingly told us of the new visitor at this home, Theodore Jr. “Teddy” who made his appearance on July 17, is quite a husky lad, in spite of his eight and one half pounds. “Tom” Egan, former S. S. attendant and gar­ ages salesman, has taken over a former Wagner S. S., 42nd and Lake Park. He is still boost­ ing Red Crown and Polarine. DAVENPORT, lA. Myrtle Clark (Field) and Marie Most (Office) Correspondents Eddyville.—If any one cares to know the wage scale around here, ask Dr. Camblin of the con­ struction department. He sets that. Ed. Fritts talked, thought and slept Polarine so much dur­ ing the Whiz Bang that he unconsciously filled his pipe with it. You’ll be taking it for wine if it keeps up much longer, eh ? We think our S. S. 97 looks very nice now. Barney doused it with paint, Camblin put in a new pump and Don washed the windows. Course Don is a new man here and doesn’t know how to get out of it—but he will learn. Ralph Jager made a trip to Minneapolis, Minn., to see the sights and said they have street lights, water works and pave­ ments down town. Lee Bell says he just can’t get that Polarine expression on his face. Guess �it’s because he had Mica Axle Grease on it last month and it won’t shine through. Don says he’d rather flip for the drinks—instead of buy­ ing every time. De fTitt.—A. C. Smith, attendant at our S. S. 46 has just returned from an eight day trip through Minnesota, Western Iowa and South Dakota. Some traveler, Al. East Moline.—Our newest additions to the fam­ ily over here in East Moline “where the hand clasp is a wee bit tighter” are Boyd Brewington, formerly agent at Batavia, and Paul Schroeder at the bulk station. Independence.—Mrs. W. E. Wren, who has been confined to the hospital is now doing nicely. In the meantime, W. E. made a fine dacidy and mamma too. H. W. Boise, agent at Independence, adopted two children some time ago. Says the Ford road­ ster had to be enlarged and they are now en­ joying rides in a Ford sedan. Office. The Glorious Fourth passed without any accidents in the office although some were rather toned down by the lack of sleep. Marie Most reports a dandy time in Chicago. But just what was the attraction, Marie ? A girl just can’t save her nickels as long as they have excursions. Gladys Nelson doesn’t seem to be able to resist any of them. The last one was to Kansas City and Oh, what a time! Unless Flora Lawrence takes up golf and tennis, it looks as though she’s going to lose out with Rudy. How about it. Flora? Helen Rathmann has interpreted the Fall fashions wrong. They are tight sleeves, Helen, not skirts. We all agree, Howard Clark has a tootin’ good car, even if it does disturb all the surrounding offices. Just who. Girls, shall we thank for our beauti­ ful Axminister (we mean congoleum) rug in our rest room ? Purchasing wardrobe trunks means many things. Just what is “Bud” Clark planning when she so interestingly examines all the latest lug­ gage folders? Everyone has agreed that the annual picnic of the Davenport Oil Cans at Credit Island, July 25, was by far the best ever. Our chief clerk, Mr. Bragg, started off the jolly day by coming down to the office extremely early, all knickered up. Oh, what attention that golf course got. Games of all sorts were enjoyed and indoor ball caused more than one sore throat. Dinner was served A la Piggly Wiggly (comeand-get-it style) and all exclaimed some feed. Tony’s lowans furnished the music for the dance at which Ray Stackhouse and Gretchen Adams won honors in the Singles Prize Waltz and Charley Flanigan and Mrs. Jack Jost carried off the candy in the Married Folks Prize Waltz. Our own taxi service took the tired fun makers to their homes and again they said “perfection is always with us.” DES MOINES, lA. Rebecca Strubel, Correspondent John Rattenborg, Elkhorn agent, is due to enter the state of wedded bliss in the near future, so says Dame Rumor. No wonder John is putting out Polarine. Leo Crolley, T. W. salesman at Atlantic, says it is easier to sell a car load of Polarine than to unload it. George Carr, T. W. salesman at Atlantic, claims it isn’t a question of can or cannot when it comes to selling Polarine, it’s a case of “got to” when you add a new member to the family. It’s a boy. Ask I. W. Steil what a ten-letter word denoting “feline” is. Frank Black at Anita the daddy of all T. W. agents in the Atlantic field is wearing a hat with two screened windows in the front. He says the flies can look at paradise but can’t get through the pearly gates. Since Nobs Burken returned from Chicago we note a daily letter address to “Mr. Burken.” Fast worker. Nobs. Henry Tough, irrepressible Earlham agent, is a tough man to turn down when it comes to selling Semdac. He engineered the sale of a barrel of Semdac to the Earlham School over the protest of a board member who had been getting the order himself for a number of years. Henry just won’t be denied. Dad Gossard’s Marshalltown S. S. supplies desk flowers for all good looking girls in the neigh­ borhood. Incidentally we have been told that it is one of the most attractive stations on the Lincoln Highway. Oli Lindholm, bachelor S. S. salesman at Man­ ning, hasn’t made his Polarine quota since “Sem­ dac,” his blooded brindle bull dog, died. Oli how has a new dog, Semdac H, and promises to make his quota regularly hereafter. Gus Benning says that if he can sell a couple of coupon books to a competitor who is on a tour, every agent ought to be able to sell the com­ petitor’s customers. Ben Holsebus, agent at Defiance, recently dis­ appeared. On his return we learned the reason. Congratulations, Ben. H. E. Meyers, Garwin agent, made a hit with his truck in the Fourth of July Parade. Semdac helped. Recently when Salesman Carlisle was returning home he was met by a swarm of bees. He says he never did like honey anyway. DETROIT, MICH. J. A. Green, Correspondent Scotten Plant.—V. H. Lambert, T. W. driver, reports that V. H. Lambert Jr., joined the S. O. family on July 20. Mother and son are doing fine. Congratulation, Verne. Jimmy Schneider, T. W. driver, also reports a visit of the stork, an eight pound boy having arrived at his home on June 29. Congratulations, Jim. Jack Baker, cashier, spent his vacation at­ tending the Homecoming of the Sarnia old boys at Sarnia, the week of July 19. He was ac­ companied by his oldest son. It is rumored that he had a very fine time and that he sampled 9 per cent beer. We also have had some sorrow in our organ­ ization. The force at Scotten extend their sympathy to Howard Glass whose little boy died on July 24. Gordon Huey, 352 clerk, has been transferred to the main office. Robert Sculley, warehouseman in the lub room, has resigned on account of his wife’s 49 �Merlin E. Napier has been to Detroit. Nip says that he didn’t reach Canada but his partner found many good 4.4 per cent labels on him. How about it? George O’Dell’s boy has been ill with diph­ theria. George is teaching him to turn the crank. Lansing.—Guy Reed, our new warehouse at­ tendant, got tired of riding in his old Ford coupe so his wife assisted him in selecting a new Chev­ rolet coupe. It wouldn’t be a bad idea of having a hat salesman to call on Guy, now. Say folks, did you see that box with the quaint old top on the running board of Evert’s Reo? We wonder what that thing is hauled around for? We wonder where he got it and all the cover? If he got it from the S. O. Co., a SOO gallon tank must have been shipped in it. We are all smoking R. G. Dun cigars, although they are a bit stale, being about a month old. Herman Schray is settling in his new home on Strathford Road this week. Congratulations, to his wife and the new member of the S. O. fam­ ily. Joy and best wishes, Herman. Earl Greusbeck drives carefully and obeys all the city’s ordinances now. He bought $3.85 worth of them the other day. Since then he has been walking. I believe it is safer, Earl, until you get the volume of city ordinances digested. Joseph Pattison, our veteran horseman, at­ tended the horse races at Kalamazoo the other day. Must be his horse won by the smile he carried upon his return. Kenneth Sperry, our long, lanky stake truck driver, became very friendly with a dusky Sambo the other day. Kenneth found out that Sambo liked the same brand of chewing tobacco that he did. We always knew Kenneth was good hearted but we didn’t think he ever suffered cold feet. The offices will be clean now. Fred Palmer got a new broom. It will be all right after it is broken in, Fred. New S. S. 21S is going strong now on Polarine and Red Crown. Gus Semran and Lester McElmurry will meet the public at this station. Hillsdale.—The L. B. Harringtons have a new arrival at their home—a daughter born July 11. Mr. Harrington is rural T. W. driver. Service Station Department.—John Ramm, at­ tendant at S. S. 78, called at the office to receive a check for $50, his share of the reward for the arrest and conviction of a man who attempted to rob his station. Thomas McCarl wishes to announce the arrival of Thomas, Jr. Charles McLeod, sales manager for the Com­ mercial Milling Company, and one of the first service station supervisors in Detroit, asked to be remembered to “ye old timers.” Dougal McCallum recommends married life so highly that our old friend, Wm. C. Doney, has decided to spend his vacation in a similar manner. We never expected Bill would fall, but alas, ’tis true. The Pride Station Plaque awarded to the S. S. in Detroit that has the best record for cleanliness, accuracy, service and sales, was awarded to service station 51, Harper and Field, for June. Congratulations, Messrs. Ford and Goodrich. T. P. Galbreath, manager, gave the Com­ mencement Address to the S. S. School class health. He is now running the King Bee Con­ fectionery Store. Good luck, Bob. The Solite Team is now operating under the able management of James M. Ritchie and has won all but two of its games during July. The team has two new players, Ray Eckloff, a pit­ cher, and James Capputo, a catcher. Much of the team’s success has been due to the very able pitching of “Doc” Travis. Scores; Opponents Solite Edgars Sugar House ........................ 9 2 Grosse He A. C................................. 9 12 Puritan A. C...................................... 2 30 Cadillac Motor Car Co........... . ......... 4 4 Ecorse .............. ....................... -......... 1 0 Lincoln Park .......................... 25 Main Office ........................... 318 Bond Bread Co............ . .................... 9 8 The team reports that the boys had a very enjoyable social time on occasion of playing the Grosse He A. C. Lycaste Plant.—Alex McDonald, T. W. driver of Groose Pointe, is at home suffering from a weak back due to heavy sales of Polarine. Tough luck, but are you sure it’s your back, Mac? John McAllister, our lead off man of the pumping gang, is again on his periodically sick leave with lumbago, caused from bending his back over tank car domes looking for a loss in Red Crown Gasoline. Clay Plant.—Ed Heier, pick-up driver, passed the cigars the other day to celebrate the arrival of another Standard Oiler, a six and one-half pound girl. Congratulations, Ed. Strathmoor Plant.—G. A. Bates, our nifty S. S. driver, is now back on the job after a week of patient nursing and doing general housework. We offer our sincere regrets, Glenn, account of your wife’s illness and we are pleased that she is up and around again. Earl Fry, our congenial loader, borrowed Hank Grimo’s Ford to go to the bank recently and came out of the bank and drove away a police officer’s car, not knowing the difference. Nice work, Earl. Why not go in the business. They can’t catch you. E. L. Johnson, T. W. driver of orchestral fame, has taken unto himself a bride, the date being July 3. Elmer and his bride motored to Southern Indiana over the 4th and report a very enjoyable time. The entire gang at Strathmoor unite in extending their congratulations. We also appreciated the cigars. Harry Dottee and wife motored to Tawas City over the 4th and report fishing excellent. Maybe he’s right.(?) Jackson.—R. L. Vining from our office force has been promoted to agent at Pontiac. Con­ gratulations and success. Bob. We all miss you. On the last days of the week one of our sales­ men looks longingly towards Detroit. Well, who? Musser, of course. E. J. Zimmerman, our garage salesman, has just recently moved to Jackson. Polarine sales have jumped accordingly. L. S. Kelley is a new driver on our force. Look out, you Fords. G. M. Carver has been promoted to the place held by R. L. Vining. Success to you, Mike. George Comstock of S. S. 188 has been pro­ moted to the office. Good step, George. We hope you have many more. 50 �that finished Saturday, July 25. The members of the class were Stanley Rathbun, Geo. S. Brown, Will C. Masten, Frank R. Frasier, Vance Powell, Roy Egloff, Chas. Jones, Norman Kauf­ man, Harold Simms, Wilbur Short, Frederick Beck, Robert Walker. Roderick Campbell and Ernest Dayhuff. Office.—Who said a taxi driver has no heart? There are six of our girls who know better. One noon it started to rain very hard while some of the girls were downtown. As it gave no sign of stopping, the six hailed a Checker and on dropping them at the office, the driver refused to be paid. Last year Norm Swain took his fiance to his home near Toronto. This year he took his bride. Well, it won’t be long before Sadie Curry changes the Miss to Mrs. They’re building a house out in Fenton and it’s nearly completed. It is not far from the home of little Fay Lewellyn and Fay is watching it with nearly as much interest as Sadie. Leona Henderson of the coupon department re­ signed July 25th. Miss Marie Colden succeeds her. Hilda Krastof and Mildred Hanna, both have aristocratic cars and chautfeurs, especially chauf­ feurs, at their disposal every evening. Hilda even has an escort to lunch nearly every day. Some people have all the luck! We’d have birthdays at least twice a year if we were assured presents as nice as the threestrand pearls Corrine Jollicoeur received from “Clifford.” Bert Smith is leaving us on the 15th of August on account of ill health. The S. O. Co. was well represented at a picnic given at Belle Isle, the evening of July IS. Everyone seemed to enjoy the outing and look forward to another one of its kind. Most of the bunch participated in a ball game which was very exciting due to the fact that we had a first-class umpire, Mr. Flitts. Mr. Ralston was captain of the Bozo Team and Mr. Reed, cap­ tain of the Would-be Team, while Mr. Galbreath on the sidelines was official ruler on all disputes and arguments of which many existed through­ out the game. The Bozo Team consisted of: Captain Ralston, c.; Bert Curwane, p.; Geo. Mur­ ray, 1st.; Al. Bailey, 2nd.; George Stimson, 3rd.; Ruth Slater, 1. f.; Marie Grandstaff, c. f.; Louise Schlunt, r. f.; Marie Dillon, s. s. and Edna Fahndrich, pinch hitter. The Would-be Team consisted of: Captain Reed, p.; Jim Lindsay, c.; Fred Brown, 1st.; Wm. Coye, 2nd.; Jim Ritchie, 3rd.; Gertrude Barnes, 1. f.; Mabie Soop, c. f.; Rose Votrabeck, r. f. and Mrs. Brown, pinch hitter. The Bozo Team won by a safe margin, 35-18. The game would have been much shorter if the umpire had used better judgment in calling balls and strikes which resulted in a near riot on several occasions. Nevertheless they all parted friends. In one instance Mr. Reed struck out—his alibi was; he had half of Belle Isle in his eye. General.—Vernon Chism, general clerk at Wichita, Kans., was a welcome visitor to these parts recently. We understand he sought and found in Canada relief from Kansas heat. K. E. (“Cap”) Burleigh, chief clerk at Minot, N. D., was another visitor at the Detroit office and Canada—mostly Canada. We like to see visitors on their way abroad. The latch string at Detroit is always on the outside. There are three kinds of golf—what they in­ tend to play; what they actually play; and what they talk about playing afterwards; the latter the 19th hole variety, or around in 79 which is more like 9 in 79. All three varieties were found in Detroit when Ralph Reed, auditor, arrived and in company with A. E. Ralston, assistant mana­ ger, sojourned to several local Country Clubs and played a marvelous variety of golf. Not content with disturbing the peace of the golf courses, they carried the game to the Elks Tem­ ple where the Detroit gang eats. The tales they told rivaled the Arabian Nights. Scores were never over 90 and side bets were 25 cents a hundred. Observers say it was Civil War va­ riety—out in ’61 and back in ’65. Even nature conspired to help them out. It was on the Hawthorne Course that a woodpecker advanced the ball 75 yards for a hole in two, according to both parties. We were glad to get a letter from Bill O’Mara who is recuperating in Newberry, Mich. Bill says he is coming along fine. Everyone is glad to hear of his convalescence. Out at the River Rouge, Henry Ford is building a lot of new buildings. One of the contractors has a smokestack about 300 feet in the air. A. II. McKinnon, lub. salesman, went out to get a con­ tract and he sent word down from the top of the chimney that if A. H. would come up, he would willingly sign. Mac negotiated the distance suc­ cessfully and on a little platform, two by twice, signed him up on Red Crown and Polarine. EVANSVILLE, ILL. N. J. Lipking, Correspondent The annual Fourth of July Standard Oil Picnic at Murphysboro, Ill., turned out to be a great suc­ cess. It started with a parade of fiftv automo­ biles and trucks and 200 participants. They were welcomed at the picnic grounds by Percy Wight­ man and his quartet in their “How Do You Do” Song. Salesman Fisher was the toastmaster— We have been trying to find out whether all the grub available made Fisher sick and caused him to leave the grounds or whether there was some other attraction. We have an idea but—Chief Clerk Harold Guthrie gave us a talk. It was thought for a time that DeTreville would be un­ able to leave the grounds account of the fried chicken he put away, but later in the evening he was able to sit up and take liquid nourishment. Chevrolets are running the Fords a race in the Evansville Office. Ed. Willis, H. E. Guthrie and E. H. Bergess are strutting around in their new Sedans. “Evolution”, alias “Sheik” Baldwin is still strutting his onions with the flappers, but we be­ lieve our new man. Jack Hatfield, is edging up on him now. Hatfield and his Leaping Lena Ford are familiar figures in this town. Ione Zimmerman has fallen at last. Her locks have been shorn and she now is among the “Bobs”. We would like for some one to say “Bathtub” to Gil Heldt, and then stand by and see what hap­ pens. We are glad to have Alvin Scholz back with us after an operation for appendicitis. �We extend our sympathy to Ewald Weber in the death of his father. We are told Neel and Espin are making things hum at Jeffersonville, S. S. George King, truck driver at New Albany, is sure heavy with the ladies. Anything serious in the air, George? Ed. Howell, former S. S. attendant at New Al­ bany, now is T. T. driver. Ed says the sky’s the limit and he has started going up. We hear Walt Bailey turned down an engage­ ment with a good looking Evansville girl while in New Albany. What’s the matter “Deac”? H. the first time), “As you have been so nice and attentive, my dear, I am putting an extra nickel in the box for yourself.” Hank Lerud is now general supply clerk. An interesting situation came up recently in the Kitten Ball game between the Standard Oil Company girls and the girls from the Union Light. Frederickson, from our office, volunteered his services as coach for the Union Light girls and with three or four on bases and none out told the girls to “run on anything.” This was very fortunate for us as the next batter hit into a very neat triple play for which we thank Mr. Frederickson. Report comes to the office that Agent Fraser at Walhalla had a mighty fine float in the Fourth of July parade at that point. Among the new car owners is T. G. Guyer, who is now driving an Overland, and Ole Lea who traded his Chevrolet in for an Oakland. We poor pedestrians are sure in the minority now. M. B. Collins and H. F. Ellis are the attendants at the fine new S. S. opened up at Casselton. Earl Smith is in charge of the station at Wahpe­ ton. We are expecting a lot of competition between these two stations as they both started in about the same time. Rudolph Benner, garage, found a lizard and thought he would start a new fad by making a pet of it. He put it out in a puddle of water in front of the garage and it disappeared. Benner is all “broken up.” Martha Lillevold’s friend purchased a Ford coupe. Too bad! We will certainly miss the pleasure of Martha riding on the handle bars. Roscoe Bakke, popular draftsman in the con­ struction department, was quietly (? ?) married Sunday, July 5 at Detroit, Minn. Some surprise! Yeah!! Known only to a few (?) friends. The bride is a splendid young lady employed in Fargo. FARGO, N. D. H. Cook, Correspondent Fargo Social Club members and families en­ joyed their annual picnic this month. Thanks to our mighty efficient president, Mr. Ewald, there was not a dull moment of the afternoon. The mixed kitten ball game between the Red Crown and Polarine teams resulted in a win for the Polarines, 17 to 16. This game was featured by the heavy hitting of Manager Packard, playing on Ann Zelinsky’s Red Crown team, and the fielding of the girls on the Polarine team. We can’t say much as to the playing ability of the men who helped the girls on the Polarine team, but still they managed to pull out with a win. An interesting program of races was held, the chief interest being in the balloon race. We are send­ ing a couple of pictures of this race, trusting that they will be printed. M. E. Gingrey was a visitor from the office in Minot recently. A. W. Olson, our agent at Finlay, was a visitor to Fargo on account of an accident to his little son, and called at the office. F. J. Lawrence has joined the list of home owners in the Fargo office, purchasing a fine new home on the south side. Fred Rickert sold his Ford and bought a classy Hudson speedster. The boys at the garage say it is a “rattling” good car for the shape it is in. Gilbert Gronlund, shop foreman, overhauled his car and it is now reported to work fine (when it is working). Jim Farrel (single) spent a 90 day leave of absence fixing up his home in Hole’s addition. William Gallipo, agent at Valley City, is cer­ tainly well pleased with his station at that point since it has been moved to the new location. R. H. Ellis of the construction department is back in town for a few days. He has been out on the territory so long that we hardly knew him when we saw him. Mel Paulson of Minot has been spending the past week in Fargo. He has been kidding the automobile dealers in the two cities about buying a car but he really doesn’t intend to at all. Dave Kennedy of S. S. 33 was sick for a few days due to too much popcorn at the Fair. Mrs. L. R. Jones, who a few years ago was chief stenographer at the Fargo office and is still connected with the Standard Oil Company, in the capacity of being the wife of Chief Clerk L. R. Jones of Kansas City, was a mighty welcome visitor in the office. We were mighty sorry that Art Asleson was sick the day we held our picnic. We had him all slated in four or five of the athletic events. Jake Stahl (using the pay station telephone for GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. E. C. Frey, Correspondent July Fourth—better known as “Independence” Day—but perhaps not so to Charles E. Wins­ low, salesman, for we believe on July 4, last, said party lost his independence when he took unto himself a wife. We’ve seen her, Charles, and we don’t blame you any. Congratulations. Everett Smith, attendant at S. S. 65, Grand Rapids, has recovered from the chicken pox and is now out of the “coop” where he was detained, due to the malignant disease. And we agree with you, it is dis-ease. Charles Grose, warehouse cashier, is the proud father of a daughter born recently. Charles says he has all kinds there are now. We have heard of girls having to walk after they started out riding, but we didn’t expect it of R. A. Lilly. However, one can never depend on tires or the engine of a car. F. Bloomquist, Grand Rapids S. S. attendant, has a new son, while A. Foster, says a girl is nicer anyway. Congratulations. Tracy Burns, attendant at Battle Creek, Michi­ gan, took the fatal step on June 22. Congratu­ lations, Mr. and Mrs. Burns. We extend our sympathy to A. J. Pooley, ware­ houseman at Battle (Jreek, Mich., whose mother passed away on July 6. Don Seeley, salesman, is back on the job again, having fully recovered from the “mumps”. Don 52 �says there are more pleasant things in this world. U Via the marriage license route of the G. R. Press, we learned that W. Bryan, attendant, took unto himself a wife on July 3. Elsa Frey, payroll clerk, enjoyed the week of July 10 to 18 on the S. S. South America, “sail­ ing” around the Great Lakes, and receiving that “huge” spectacle, Niagara Falls. (Niagara Falls, Elsa? Do we offer congrats?—Ed) The following week, Minnie Haven, ediphone operator, and Frieda Frey took the same trip on the North America and report having a wonder­ ful time. S. C. Mitchell, accident clerk, is dining out these days. The other day he said he ate at the “Rowe”. We think it was in a “row” at Wool­ worth’s, but never mind “Mitch” one does get one’s money worth there. W. H. Hubbell, driver at Traverse City, Mich., has recovered from a case of the mumps. Mr. Hubbell says he would rather have a case of— well use your own judgment. Our sympathy is extended to Lyle Carrier, agent at Marcellus, Mich., whose mother passed away on June 19. We understand W. Patton of the credit depart­ ment is quite skilled in the Terpischorian Art. None of the girls around here seem to have found out definitely yet. Charles Dalga has had many enjoyable mo­ ments at fishing this Summer. It seems Charles became disgusted one day waiting for the fish to come up, so Charles dove for some—apparently. The water was quite damp, and Charles doesn’t consider that method worth while. B. E. Frisbie, drivei' at Grand Rapids, is con­ fined to his home due to illness. We hope for a speedy recovery. Where did they get them? Hortense Weber, bill clerk, and Fred De Young, mail clerk, are sporting little black aprons. WTien it comes to baseball the SOCO boys are right there and we have some team this year. One of the most exciting and thrilling games was played on July 17 when the Oilers defeated the American Seaters to a tune of 5 to 1. The bril­ liant playing of the all star trio, Olsee, Dobbs and Carpenter, coupled with good support, was the cause of the score. Ed White, warehouse superintendent at Mus­ kegon, is back at work again, having recovered from a recent illness. Elmer Gaikema says moving isn’t so bad when it’s other people moving. Harry Davidson, assistant cashier, is the proud father of a son, born July 31. (This being the 31st, we have not received further details.) L. V. Suey is superintendent of construction but his long suit is all “kerosene.” No, that is all wrong, it’s his best suit. We understand a load of barrels came into the warehouse and L. V. wanted to see if they were empty, one wasn’t quite empty, the result being his brand new suit was drenched in kerosene. L. V. tried to sneak in without wifey detecting the accident, but nothing escapes wifey and she was right there to meet him. Mr. Jiggs can’t get by with it either, L. V., and we hope by this time the suit is all aired out. Yes, the lubricating department, in this instance consisting of Joe Hessman and Mary Brower, beat the Polarine department, i.e., Howard Dykema and Lee Carpenter, in a fishing contest, by a score of 15 to 4. And now Louis Pyman of the checking depart­ ment is trying to find out just who is the most ticklish in the office. Well— Frank Hyland, tank car clerk, is not likely to forget one dark and stormy night in July. It seems Frank “kinda” forgot his geography and overlooked the fact that Lafayette avenue has a rather wicked descent at Fulton street. He ap­ proached the brow of the hill with all cylinders pulsating and found that he was stepping a little too lively for safety’s sake. He slammed both feet to the floor board, but alas! too late. The curbing wouldn’t give, so both of Frank’s rear wheels did. Two unfortunate motorists were not to be spared some part of the festivities. They got their’s. When Frank climbed out and dusted off his puttees, he found nothing left of his car, except the steering wheel and ignition key. Frank’s a wise guy though. He stepped right over to the insurance office and tossed his policy on the desk and collected the whole works. He claims hereafter when he goes down Lafayette avenue hill, he’s going to back down in first speed forward. HURON, S. D. George A. Campbell, Correspondent Mycue is around the office today with a smile that can’t be rubbed off. A baby girl came to his house the other day and Mike is preparing to start on a night shift marathon most any time now. Mrs. Mycue (formerly Edna Phillips) is doing nicely. Bob Gillies, attendant at S. S. 3, took a short sojourn to Chamberlain, S. D., to get the new attendant started in properly at our new S. S. 19. On July 25 the C. & N. W. R. R. put on an excursion to the Black Hills with Hot Springs as the immediate objective. This was, in a way, a Standard Oil Excursion for about fifty or more employees took the trip. The entire crowd are more than satisfied. Many of them took a side line excursion to Wind Cave, National Park and to the Custer State Park and Gam Lodge. In the words of one of the party, “I wouldn’t have passed that trip up for a farm.” Charley Myers reports a fine mess of mountain trout while on the excursion. The streams in and around Hot Springs are all hot so Charlie’s fish were all cooked when he caught them. Miss Ella Lutgen of our stenographical force is leaving us this week to accept a position in Aberdeen. The best wishes of the entire force goes with her. Frank Gannaway now has the territory former­ ly held by Mel Kenner with headquarters in Chamberlain while Mr. Kenner has taken over the territory held formerly by Mr. Gannaway. Mr. Holton of the Huron Ice Company was kind enough to extend an invitation to the en­ tire Huron force of the Standard Oil Company, to make a trip at the Kiwanis Bathing Beach. Needless to say this invitation was accepted and a good time was had by all. The invitation was certainly appreciated. Kittenball has the male part of the force in­ terested. They were successful in defeating the Kiwanis Kittenball team, defeating the C. & N. 53 �W. wasn’t so easy for they let them wallop them to defeat. Gannaway and Newtie performed on the mound for the Standard Oil Company and Mahoney and Carlson held down the place im­ mediately to the rear of home plate. The bad part of it was that Larson thought there was only one baserunner instead of two. Al Geske, of our Aberdeen “A” station, ought to be able to stand a safety suggestion through these columns. All containers should be secure­ ly covered or sealed before being placed in a moving vehicle. S. S. 1 at Aberdeen is the oldest station in the Huron field but since it has been remodeled it looks far from being old. Pat Ryan’s 029 reports showed him working with the agent at Milbank on July IS and 16. Incidentally the American Legion Convention oc­ curred in Milbank on those dates. Speaking of the Legion Convention, Chub Robel, agent at Milbank, had a Standard Oil float in the parade which was more than credit­ able. It was symbolical of the “full line.” Your correspondent was talking to a tourist in Rapid City recently and that party made a remark that is well worth passing in. He said that he certainly will be a booster for Polarine and Red Crown henceforth. The treatment he had received in Standard Oil Company Service Stations from Illinois to South Dakota was, he said, all that could be asked. He laid emphasis on the service given by Standard Oil Company attendants. M. W. Plowman, agent at Watertown “A” Station, is a featured star with the fast Water­ town baseball team. Marshall can clout out a two bagger about as neatly as Babe Ruth gets a homer. Mr. Bode just returned from a week on the road west of the river. He reports conditions in that end of the state as being just about perfect. W. L. McGovern, formerly the attendant at S. S. 1, Aberdeen, is now on the road as a salesman calling on the farm trade. Schmitz is the new salesman on field formerly held by J. C. Stoner who has resigned. in the local Co-Operative League by holding a tie for first place with three more games to go. Doubly-distilled Safety First: Leslie Baker of the advertising bus pulled up to the country rail­ road crossing and stopped. A native rather cur­ ious inquired of Les why all the hesitation and Les pointed to the little tin attachment hanging urider the license plate. Spake the native, “Why mister, them rail are only 20 feet long and there hasn’t been a train through this town well nigh onto twenty years.” If anyone would have hap­ pened along with a plugged nickel, he could have purchased the whole Baker outfit, and we have Les’s word for that, too. Ralph Shortridge, also known as Slim before he began looking like a “white hope.” has ac­ quired a superannuated Hudson over the David Harem route, and being “some” mechanic is ap­ plying all kinds of “asthma” remedies, such as socket wrenches, gaskets and what not. We kinda figure that Slim grew weary of running rabbits down as per “shank’s mare” and Mr. Bunny is hereby warned to keep off the high­ ways. Speaking of the Red Crowns, Walter Knuth may be the manager, John McCallian may be the “Judge Landis,” Frank Judd may be the batboy, but L. W. (“Zeek”) Ehewalter sure is the rooter when all these other luminaries are asleep. Stations GWA and WHR report much static from WHO (Des Moines) during middle July. Now this may be due to the fact that our own broadcaster, Irene Neweff was visiting the “tall corn” city at that time. Lo and behold our leading “immune-ist,” one Sidney Kurtz, appears to be slipping as a lady called for him the other evening and they drove away together in a Ford coupe. Later the two were noticed in a box at English’s Theatre. So, Lew George has come back to find that iron pipe he lost during his general supplies service, the year about 1917. Hugh McClain, mail clerk, has discarded his “green derby” in favor of a starterless Ford. Hugh decided to hold out the towel bar and soap dish as he might want to go back to his motorcycle days. Now fellows what is intended for “prose”: Two cases the Safety First Court overlooked: Arthur (“Cupid”) Whitacre fell up the stairs and Fred Matkin fell down the stairs. One hot day this summer several of our girls parked their feet in the waste basket-sans shoes. How’s that for hot? Some one just back from Windy City reports Hattie Goldberger really reducing—don’t believe it. Arnold Gustin, order department, drove in a local S. S., got out and dusted off the hub caps, put the fag under the back seat and drove out with a very satisfied air. Grayson Howell believes in safety first, after being steered up against a telephone pole by his wife, he simply sold the car. Ray Benjamin, who has visions of winning the next Stanolind Golf Club tournament, traded the roadster for an oil well, at least it pumps that product. Frank Judd cele­ brated the Fourth among the hills of Brown County by mistaking a farmer’s lane for a high­ way. It has leaked out the tourist tore down and rebuilt plenty of rail fences in getting turned around. Bill Sursa is batting 1,000 as a back­ scratcher to Curtis Mouncey. The intensive campaign on gasoline contract sales furnished INDIANAPOLIS, IND. W. W. Harshman, Correspondent Bright’s disease claimed Delou J. Burke, at­ tendant at S. S. 69, Indianapolis, who died on June 25. Mr. Burke was a veteran of the World War. The American Legion Post had charge of the funeral arrangements. Sympathy is ex­ tended to the widow and young daughter over their loss. S. S. increases: Marie Elizabeth, daughter of H. A. Tyner, 47, Indianapolis, July 4; R. E. Jr., son of Ralph E. Hooten, S. S. 90, Indianapolis, July 6. Carl Paul is rapidly learning to steer his new Overland—i. e. he has discovered it needs gas­ oline to spin, after being stuck in the middle of a day in the middle of a street. (The traffic policeman’s comments have been omitted by request). Coupon tearing by Thema Ferrell will now proceed, she having been interrupted by a severe case of mumps. The master team of S. S. men, better known as the Red Crowns, are flirting with the pennant 54 �plenty of thrills to Messrs. Love, Kortepeter, Cline and Parrish; working in two details, the campaigners were “entertained” by the prospect who happened to be a feather-cleaner; the sales talks were started in the work shop, which is equipped with circulating air under pressure. Yes, boy, the feathers “got them” early in the fray. What we mean is “Feathers, feathers everywhere and not a chick or duck in sight.” This day (July 31), Bob, the janitor is carrying S pounds of steam in the heating plant and this by urgent request of shivering humanity. How’s that for a cold day in July? The last few days in K. C. have been very chilly and Tom (“Candy”) Evans is contemplat­ ing getting out the old Benny. He has already shed his overcoat. Armourdale Plant.—Warning, boys. All to­ bacco chewers, beware, keep it hidden at all times. Bob Reed is back with us again. You all know Bob. We have all been wondering what has put the crick in John Travis’ back. We have at last found out the secret. John has been sleeping in a hammock nearly all the time. Walter Haller until just lately has been under the impression Muscle Shoals was the name of a prominent wrestler. Eddie Foley enlightened the boy on the subject. KANSAS CITY, MO. J. J. Wilhelm, Correspondent The stock department boasts of having the coolest bunch of clerks in the Indiana field. Regardless of the temperatures, which have been in the nineties and over, Mr. Whetmore and Mr. Dee never remove their coats. The employees of the K. C. division are going to have another picnic about August 29 and every one is expecting to have a wonderful time. Howard Houston and Dean Butts are in the same class with some of the rest of the home owners of the office. They have purchased here lately. Well, Howard Houston says that his moving days are over. H. Busch, our agent at Parkville, Mo., was married recently. Congratulations, old top! It is with deep regret that we have heard of the death of Miss Gladys Webb, younger sister of Harold Webb, our agent at Randolph, Kans., on July 9. Our sincerest sympathy is extended to Mr. Webb and his bereaved family. Miss Eula Taylor, formerly of the check desk and Walter Knoop, also of the same department, have left us. Good luck to you; come back to see us sometime. Miss Lucile Bulson has returned from her va­ cation, and reports that she had a wonderful time. Bill Nordberg of the iron barrel department is now stepping out in his new Buick roadster. Old Bill doesn’t want to let the other boys outdo him. Bill says he can make 7.5 miles per easy. He also says that no Dodge can pass him now. John Seward, cashier, can now get up at 5 A. M. to work in the garden. He has bought a few more tools, hoes, fork, etc. McGarry of the lubricating department is practising all the new dance steps, here lately, as he says that the good dancers are not going to have a thing on him when he gets on the floor at the next picnic. L. Berry of the bookkeeping department has his new banjo in tune now and says that he is now about ready to do the dance hall stuff. Well, maybe another addition to the Dean Butts Melody Boys Orchestra. Homer Longsdorf has about decided he wants to learn to play something besides the victrola. Well, Homer the bag pipe should not be so hard. G. A. Winters of the general office is auditing the K. C. station. Wonders will never cease! Charlie Markert of the cartage desk has a girl. And he talks to her over the ’phone every afternoon. Be careful, now, Charlie. LA CROSSE, WIS. Mabel A. Baker, Correspondent Visitors to the La Crosse office the past two weeks include Agents H. W. Mann of St. Charles, Minn., and L. P. Gilbertson of Hillsboro, Wis., Salesmen F. L. Kuhns, E. W. Spencer, T. R. Knight, S. E. Huber and F. H. Thompson. Said Louis Hartley, to the man in charge of a Rent-a-Car Station, “How much do you charge per week for a car?” Said the man, “20 cents per mile.” Louis scratching his head, “How many miles in a week?” Can anyone tell him? John Loecher, city truck salesman at Austin, Minn., has moved into his new home in Kenwood Park. Pretty fine home isn’t it, John? Robert Kettering and Lloyd Bennett at S. S. 33, Rochester, Minn., must have been out scouting around together. Mr. Bennett also has a new Ford car and only paid $15 for it. What did you fellows do, run into a couple of twins some­ where ? Wonder why Roy Baldner, warehouseman at Austin, Minn., is using Polarine “F” in his Star car? Yes sir’ee, the La Crosse division of the SOCO is growing. We wish to welcome baby girls who have come .to the following families: Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Wendorf, agent at Wilton, Wis.; Mr. and Mrs. H. Hoffman, S. S. attendant at La Crosse, Wis.; Mr. and Mrs. H. Hatch, S. S. attendant at Winona, Minn., and Mr. and Mrs. J. Karsina, S. S. attendant, Winona, Minn., and not forgetting the big boy who arrived at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Hoppe, T. D. driver at Winona, Minn. Congratulations, mothers and dads. Edward H. Frey, T. W. salesman at La Crosse, Wis., has been transferred at agent instructor. Fine work, E. H. We all wish you lots of- luck at your new work. For sale, rattlin’ good car. Highest bidder can push it away. For particulars, ask A. J. Wanner. One of W. H. Roesner’s O29’s showed a delivery was made on one condition, and that was “cash only.” Don’t you trust your wife. Bill? When A. D. Kirk, S. S. superintendent, was questioned about the “line” he handled, he said, “You have to have a big line to catch some of these fish.” How about it. Art? J. W. Shields, lub. engineer, says, “Whenever you see the name Standard Oil Company (Indi­ ana) think of Service. We haul the full barrels to you and haul the empty ones away. No trouble to you and no trouble for us to give this Service.” 55 �Our new bulk station at Hager City, Wis., was would like to ask Mr. Farris for an electric fan, opened July 13 with H. W. Harrigan, former new cushion and a siren horn for his truck. T. W. salesman at Red Wing, Minn., as agent. Manager H. E. Bruce and Assistant Manager H. W. is a “go-getter” and already we have J. E. Monegan visited us recently inspecting our noticed what a whizz of a station this is going warehouse. Come often. to be. Keep it up, H. W. Henry Drysdale says there is not another ware­ The following are new agents for SOCO: R. A. house in the La Crosse division that can come Forster, Durand, Wis.; S. Babbitt, Cornell, Wis.; up to the one in Winona. H. H. Quell, Kenyon, Minn.; C. W. Rude, Pepin, The Winona bunch were certainly well supplied Wis., and C. A. Overby, Wanamingo, Minn. Wel­ with cigars this month. Prosser also won one come, folks. from Mr. Bruce. What for E. A. ? Joe Simon was “top” man selling Polarine this In one of W. H. Roesner’s letters to this office he states that Chambers and Spencer have three month. You sure are making the other fellows step. cats, sixty horses and mules. Ed Bolden wants Arthur Hrubetz is the new attendant at S. S. to know if they have a circus or if they are road 7. Art says he wants to settle down. We don’t contractors. Bill would like to have some SOCO know what he means but he’s still single. Good agent tell Ed what cats, horses and mules are luck. Art, we wish you lots of luck. used for by road contractors. Step up, someone, Ray Seebold and his warriors at S. S. 1 have and explain this to Ed. challenged the field this month in the sales of Miss Lorene Pfaff and Vernon Dovenberg were S-gallon cans of Polarine. Ray means every united in marriage Saturday evening. Miss Erva word that he says, so you other fellows get busy. Bishop was bridesmaid and Nyle Twining acted as best man. The home was prettily decorated MANKATO, MINN. with ferns and flowers. The bride wore white silk and carried a bouquet of Ophelia roses. The W. P. Scherer, Correspondent bridesmaid was dressed in tan silk and carried The Mankato division accident record for the pink roses. Mr. and Mrs. Dovenberg left on a month of July was shattered beyond hope when trip through Minnesota and Northern Wisconsin. a lonely bee entered the coupe operated by F. Congratulations, folks. Mr. Dovenberg is agent McK. Blough, S. S. Superintendent, as he was for the Standard Oil Company at West Salem, driving along a wide gravelled highway. Inas­ Wis. much as he did not have Bert Evans with him to Doc Hoffman, attendant at S. S. 26, Rochester, act as interpreter for the bee, Mac immediately Minn., is now at National Guard encampment at suspected the bee of having evil designs and took Lake City, Minn., and known as “Sargeant Hoff­ a swat at the poor bee with the result that the car man.” He tries to tell Private Gordon Graham upset and Mac was precipitated into a nearby a thing or two, but Graham says, “I’ll put it all ditch. Personal injuries were slight. The car was over him selling S-gallon cans of Polarine, when badly damaged. The bee escaped. we get back.” Can he do it, Ed? On June 27, 1925, Francis J. Kahl, Polarine salesman, was married to Miss Elsie Virginia Miss Erna Gable has left on an eight weeks’ White of Luverne, Minn. After a short trip Mr. leave of absence. We hope that you will come and Mrs. Kahl will be at home at Tracy, Minn. back feeling like a million, Erna. Felicitations in profusion are extended to the Emil Kreibich, our popular janitor, recently happy couple. motored to Minneapolis, Minn. He said he had Golfer, bowler, basketball player, billiard shark, a wonderful time, but, he came back only able and baseball star, is Art Johnson, Worthington to look one way. Next time, Emil, start looking agent. With becoming modesty he denies us the at the tall buildings a block away. privilege of exhibiting his picture but we have it W. P. Unser, former agent at Durand, Wis., from hundreds of rabid Worthington fans that has been transferred to Menomonie, Wis., as Art is a first baseman par excellence. Get the agent. Menomonie folks will now be treated to business? Need it be said? that special brand of service that only W. P. Marshall L. Beech, lubricating correspondent, knows how to give. and Miss Ruth Estelle Ruenitz of Sleepy Eye C. B. Bullis, salesman, has been transferred to were married on June 27: They will be at home the La Crosse office in the marketing cost depart­ at 729 North Second street after July IS. Cigars ment. We are sure glad to have C. B. with us and candy announced the event to the office force, again. Maybe we can have another chicken din­ which unanimously congratulates the newly weds. ner now. On July 7 the glad news was forwarded to the W^inona, Minn.—Charles Beck wants to caution .correspondent that Harry Shelby, hustling Lu­ everybody about putting “Paris green” on let­ verne T. W. salesman, was married on May 8, 1925, to a young lady of Kenneth, Minn. Belated tuce. What’s the matter Charlie, did they think congratulations were at once forwarded. you were a “bug?” We know you are a pest At various times we have had considerable when it comes to selling S-gallon cans of Polar­ sport in this column because of the hair bobbing ine, but not a dangerous one. of various feminine members of the R. E. Jones, special salesman, has moved to activities Red Crown family but from now on we’re abso­ Winona from Viroqua, Wis. We wish to wel­ lutely mum. (The missus had ’em shorn today.) come Mr. Jones and family and want them to The wedding of John A. Eiden and Miss Edna feel at home in our organization. Mae Klock was announced on Thursday, July 2, Orrin Brown sure loves Mr. Farris for the 1925. John is attendant at Northfield S. S. 303 beautiful International watch charm he gave him and has many friends among Standard Oilers in the way of a truck. It looks and acts like who extend their congratulations. a toy when you use it. In spite of inclement and threatening weather Hugh McNalley has his new tires and now coupled with a decided lack of interest on the 56 �part of the membership, the annual Red Crown Club outdoor party was held at Loon Lake on the afternoon of July 18. Only about forty people took advantage of the program prepared by va­ rious committees but those forty certainly im­ proved every moment. A kitten ball game between the single men and married men was easily won by the benedicts but at the chicken dinner which followed the single men came out victorious mostly because they were led by Wallie Ander­ sen who was discovered under an immense pile of chicken bones. The Loon Lake hostelry cer­ tainly did itself proud in the serving of this ban­ quet. After dinner a snappy dancing party was enjoyed in the large dining hall. Were it not for the weddings there would be a real dearth of news in this column this month. On June 18th Walter Hall, attendant at S. S. Luverne, and Miss Jessie O. Tatge of Brookings, S. D., were married at the M. E. Church at Lu­ verne, We understand that Mr. and Mrs. Hall are holding “open house” to the many friends who call at the cozy bungalow which Walter had prepared. Good luck! MASON CITY, IOWA Bradford L. Patton, Correspondent July 11 was moving day for the personnel of the Mason City main office. Our new quarters in the Woolworth Building, second and third floors, are expansive, pleasant, well-lighted and centrally located, being only half a block from the old location. We are all very much pleased with our new home and would like to have you come and see us some time. You can see just as much from the third floor of our Woolworth Building as you can from the third floor of the Woolworth Building in New York City. The second floor gang and the third floor gang have started already to argue the proposition “Our floor is better than yours.” As a matter of fact, no one is capable of deciding that ques­ tion—unless it’s Jack Dempsey. Mr. Thomas, manager and Mr. Hanson, as­ sistant manager, occupy offices across the front of the building on the second floor. Folding doors separating the offices can be thrown open to make one large conference room. Mr. Kern, chief clerk, has his office on the second floor, so arranged behind a neat little railing that he can keep an eye on the sales, con­ struction, order, cost, record, tax, legal and special departments, as well as the transcribing and mailing departments. Mr. Nuebel, assistant chief clerk, has his office on the third floor where he can command the energies of the credit department and the various and sundry accounting departments, as well as the filing and stationery departments. We have an elevator, but the only way you can ride on it is to come boarded up in a box and labeled “stationery.” The formal opening of the office was held Friday night, July 10, when the Red Crown Social Club held a dance on the third floor to music furnished by Mac’s Serenaders. Sheriff Jerry Cress of Cerro Gordo County made an impromptu entrance and speech and, before some of us could locate the fire escapes, he defined his presence as peaceful and congratulated us on the new quarters. Bob Sharpe is the proud owner of a new Oak­ land sedan. Anyone that’s fortunate should have something to feel good about, and we know Bob does. P. 1. Adcock, special salesman, and H. B. Myerly, tractor mechanic, got a front page story on a Red Crown mileage test victory over four competitive gasolines at Northwood. That’s doing your stuff. Red Crown—yes sir! Can anyone explain M. O. Shea’s affinity for vivid blue shirts. We know why a miller wears a white hat, but can not solve this riddle on the lubricating engineer. No one wants to keep warm out in this country at the present writing— but all is fair in love and war. E. D. Lawrence, who has been agent at Charles City, has accepted the position of salesman in charge of the Charles City field. This position was formerly held by C. M. Stevens, who will now do special work under the direction of the manager. C. A. Kinney has accepted the position of agent which Mr. Lawrence formerly held. Ed. Ryan, agent at Varina, was married Mon­ day, July 6, and went on a wedding tour to Denver, Colo. We take this means of congrat­ ulating Ed. on his good fortune. B. A. Farber is now salesman in charge of the Sioux Rapids field in the position formerly oc­ cupied by J. M. Stokes. Mr. Stokes^ is now head of the stock department in the main office. Mason City. T. M. Clarke is now salesman in charge of the Iowa Falls field, replacing Earl Johns, resigned. The S. O. Co. soft ball team has turned in several victories since their achievements were last chronicled, only last time it wasn’t achieve­ ments, it was hard luck. Victories over the Mil­ waukee, the Post Office, and the Lion Tamers add a touch of success to the mighty good fun we’re having anyway. Cecil Engler, S. S. 2, Mason City, announces the arrival into his family of a baby boy. Tom­ my Engler promises to be every bit as good as his dad. We also extend congratulations to Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Posz, cashier at the Fort Dodge plant, upon the arrival of Raymond Carlton at their home on July 11. MILWAUKEE, WIS. C. Henry Austin, Correspondent The other day Otto Peterson of the record department came into the office bearing a shining ball on his shoulders. After putting on the smoked glasses, we found the said Otto had his hair clipped short to the scalp. He is now speak­ ing of entering a beauty contest. We regret to state that William Duncan of the Milwaukee office will no longer be seen on the local golf links inasmuch as he had lost the last of a dozen balls, his season’s supply. Bill will now take up bowling so that he can follow the ball. Assistant General Manager H. A. Lewis visited the Milwaukee office on July 28. F. C. Singleton, safety director, paid us a visit on July 21. We wonder why L. K. Borden, salesman, Sheboygan, closes his eyes when he telephones. He must be looking into the future. George Aspinwall, attendant at S. S. SS, Lake Geneva, is the proud father of an eight pound S7 �boy. George has received complaints from the neighbors because his boy has been throwing stones at the dogs in the neighborhood lately. All the nightingales in the vicinity of Mil­ waukee are turning green with envy. Reason: L. W. Kroes, salesman, Ralph Rogers, clerk at 32d and Auer bulk plant, Frank Peters and V. D. Brown, of the record department, have formed a quartet. Believe us, these boys can warble. H. B. Pickard, Milwaukee office, is taking up astronomy. He came to work the other morning when the stars were still out. We advise a little Polarine on the Big Ben, Pick. MINOT, N. D. F. O. Tucker, Correspondent We recently received an 029 from our salesrnan, J. D. Stenson, which sure had a bunch of lies on it, as follows: Walter Lies, Rudolph Lies, Lawrence Lies, Matt Lies and Marcus Lies. Are you sure you got the truth from the above “Liers,” J. D. ? At a recent grand opening of the WestlieCharbonneau Ford agency of this city, the fol­ lowing was overheard. In arranging the decora­ tions, a basket of flowers was being carried in which displayed a Polarine advertisement. A small boy looking on, remarked, “Gee whiz, Mr. Polarine is dead.” Ben Carlson bought a new Ford coupe. Now, girls, please don’t rush—keep your seats. Ben calls his pet, his “bicycle with balloon tires.” We are sure glad to know our Fargo friends are not with us any longer because it played a hardship on Frank Hunter. We hear he kept rather late hours. Some of the office force are about to form a Bachelors’ Club if their wives stay away much longer. Among the charter members will be J. P. Beaton, H. H. Hathaway, J. H. Hay, F. A. Burlaga, Duane Clapp, E. C. Abrahamson, E. H. Lindberg, K. P. Hetzler and C. W. Twight. By the way, Mr. Twight’s wife was only gone three days but to hear him talk, you’d think she had been gone three months. Clarence must be jealous. Ted Cruden and V. M. Paranto are sure step­ ping out since they came to Minot—never miss a dance. They sure trot their stuff. A. J. Pass was recently transferreed to a desk in the office. It does rather add prestige to the force to have that magnanimous figure moving about the office. F. S. Gremsgard says he doesn’t like girls who make dates with him and fail to appear at the specified time. The “Magic Gum” initiation trick was pulled on Albert Rotta with great success. He took hook, line, sinker and all. Schedules called for a big picnic August 1. Things sure are stirred up since Eddie Lindberg was made president of the Social Club. We’ll tell you more about the picnic in the next issue. Dollie Mower recently underwent an operation in a local hospital. We hope that she will make her appearance at the office again within a few days. Lyol Thayer was recently employed and assigned work in the check department. We’re here to welcome you, “Spike.” E. P. Percey has taken up golfing again but picks on someone easier than Clayton Berdahl this year. Dean Johnson, Albert Waa and Ted Cruden recently motored to Noonan, which by the way, isn’t far from the Canadian line and always causes thirst. We are just wondering if they overstepped the line. Bill Kernmer says that outside of being equipped with a new engine, body and tires, his old Ford is quite a rambler. The semi-annual Red Crown Social Club elec­ tion was held July 14. E. H. Lindberg was elected president, R. V. Dunbar, vice-president; Lillie Erickson, secretary-treasurer, and H. M. Overby and Mae Balerud, executive committee. Considering the number of votes cast, our pay­ roll has increased considerably. We are glad to announce that Ann Richards recently returned from her vacation wearing only one ring instead of two. John Reinbold, agent at Balta, was a recent visitor in the Minot office. We are sorry to report the death of Donald Fauth, son of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Fauth. Mr. Fauth is our agent at Tuttle, N. D. We extend our sincerest sympathy. C. A. Brummond of Washburn, recently pur­ chased a new Reo speed-truck. He says he be­ lieves in giving service. F. W. Asch, agent at Underwood, is still look­ ing for visitors from the Minot office to view his new home which was recently erected. We’ll surprise you some day, Fred. John E. Wood ought to be in the second-hand business or an auctioneer—he recently picked up an old, worn out Eversharp, repaired it and raffled it off during the noon-hour for a quarter. His initials sure tell the story. Our assistant general manager, H. R. Coch­ ran, recently paid us a visit. PEORIA, ILL. P. A. Johnston, Correspondent Who said mileage ? Powell went on his va­ cation, drove up to Starved Rock, over into In­ diana, down to St. Louis and back home, and claims he had three gallons of the original ten of Red Crown still inside “Henry” when he landed. Page Taylor! Lamentable scarcity of news this month. Even our reliable friends Wimberg and Wilson, down at Springfield, fail us. Peterson filled up his storage tank,-------- right before the price dropped. Wotta wail! Salesman Hinds dropped in on us as these lines were written. Gonna get Rainey a job on the night shift at WGN. They dared us to tell of our fishing trip, in the company of “Mary” Heser, and “Porky” Powell. Well, we went—and got back. Had a lot of bites. The mosquitoes were so industrious. “Porky’s” neck looked like a piece of round steak. Standard Oil representatives were numerous at the Illinois Motor Bus Transportation convention, held recently in Springfield. Those in and about the Company’s artistically arranged booth were: Dean Treat, railway sales department, Chicago, Major Price, Chicago, J. H. Wiley and J. S. Flanigon, advertising department, Peoria; C. F. Eber­ le, agent Springfield, and W. D. Stacy and P. R. Hinds, sales department, Peoria. Drury of Galesburg, tell Mike Maloney to ■turn loose that prolific pen of his and send in some news. 58 �Gus Johnson up at Orion used to kick in once in a while, but not lately. Our Red Crowns have just hit their stride, ap­ parently. Boast a winning streak of three in a row at present. The boys are playing the best ball of any club in the league. Here’s hoping this little bit of “broadcasting” doesn’t prove the usual jinx. Frank Westphal and Dan Abel are running a wild race for the batting leadership of the ball tossers. Dan got away to a flying start, but “Mike” is gradually closing in on him. Harry Kosseick and Phil Hoeft outdo each other waiting on the lady customers who come to the warehouse. Story comes of Wiley, nailing up an emergency sign, and using a five gallon can of Polarine for a background. The nail went through the can, and the oil went through the hole. O, efficiency! Oliver Hurst wants to know when the bowling season will open. He’s been working on that “hook ball” all summer. Sales Promoter Harley Caldwell wants us to take up golf. Maybe we will, but the ex-title holder of the McLean County Country Club won’t get a chance to show us up till we’ve learned how to handle our “shiny stick”. Charlie Dressen and his Ford are getting am­ bitious. Drove to Bloomington the other Sun­ day. Charlie was much interested in the animals at the Miller Park Zoo. Following are the latest additions to our ranks; Peoria Office: Thelma Lewis, R. E. Shaw. Plant and General: H. Sproll, Hoopeston; M. A. Mendenhall, Springfield; F. H. Martin, Peoria; G. Morrissey, Peoria; R. L. Bearce, Lewistown; T. Roese, Bradford; H. C. Dare, Canton; G. Kirkpatrick, Bloomington; H. Carver, Peoria; D. I. Buckner, Peoria; T. Seward, Springfield; H. R. Maurer, Springfield; C. Blumenshine, Wash­ ington; M. J. Beardstown, W. C. Larson and E. Green, Galva and C. J. Fisher, Lacon. QUINCY, ILL. Henry B. Hardy, Correspondent Have you noticed Nellie Maxwell’s sparkling diamond. “Max” is just back from a wonderful trip through Yellowstone and we’re wondering whether the diamond had anything to do with it. Give us an interview, please. Charles Miranda, agent at Birmingham, Iowa, swears there is no better fishing to be had in Illinois than in Iowa. Charlie spent a whole week in Illinois trying and got nary a nibble, and this is the type of “fish” story we are inclined to believe. Agent Walter Thomas of Macomb, Ill., after years of driving a Ford is now trying to conquer a large IHC. Walt sure keeps the traffic cop busy when he tries to negotiate a corner. If Santa makes a visit, as of course he will, to the home of Lottie Nesbitt next winter, we hope one thing he will be sure to leave there will be a pair of rubber heels to fit her sharp-shod “hoofs.” Some of the boys at our Hannibal, Mo., station certainly have the fighting spirit. In fact, they will camp out all night just to get to fight mosquitos. Boys with that much fighting spirit are simply bound to win. Aside from Mack and Omo we wouldn’t mention any names. Attendants Francis Sullivan and Mandz Read of S. S. 8, Macomb, are having trouble with their eyes. Although Salesman N. L. Dunsworth claims to have diagnosed their case correctly, he has failed to prescribe the remedy to date. We have with us a former city detective in the person of C. F. Fletterer. Clarence should have no trouble in detecting sales opportunities. L. R. Janes, attendant at S. S. 32, Perry, Mo., has been doing some nice work about his station, sodding the bare spots and touching up the prem­ ises in general. We suspect, however, that Lon­ nie’s wife is the boss. Q. H. Landis (some relation to the judge?) is our new agent at La Harpe, Ill. Quint is a hustler and we are glad to have him and his boosters with us. F. C. Anderson, formerly of S. S. 2, is now a member of the general sales force, succeeding W. M. Cook, who has been selected to fill the newly formed position of marketing cost clerk. Floyd is one of the most energetic hustlers we have ever met and we wish him well in his new job. J. I. McKenna succeeds him as attendant at No. 2. Agent Fred Hull of Burnside, Ill., has a new dog. However, “no dog can ever hope to be as good as Jack,” says Fred. At that, the quails need not expect a cessation of hostilities. (Gosh! Fred, we ain’t never had a taste of quail in all of our young life. And we ain’t got no dog, nor no gun, and wooden no how to use one if we had it. Y’got any idea how we could possibly get a taste of quail?—Corr.) H. R. Gracey, agent at Dallas City, Ill., has an addition to his family—a fuzzy dog. My! My! Had. Plans for our annual outdoor picnic are rapidly taking form and it bids fair to be the best picnic ever held. The date is August IS, and the place, Bailey Park, at Camp Point. Here’s hoping the weatherman treats us fine. Paul Ingram is temporarily in charge of S. S. 312, LaBelle, Mo., filling the position left vacant by the death of Riley Culpen. G. W. Allen is a recent addition to the agent instructor force. George is no stranger to the SOCO and we welcome him back and wish him good luck. No wonder we haven’t seen them since. One of those terribly hot mornings not so long ago Assistant Manager T. P. Jones bethought himself of a method to somewhat alleviate his suffering and proceeded to order a pair of seer-sucker trousers to be sent to his home toot sweet or sooner. Then at noon T. P. doffs his hot clothing and climbs into his newly acquired trousers. “Great stuff” thinks he, when along comes young Miss Jones and the following dialogue ensues: Millicent—“Going to stay home this afternoon, Daddy?” T. P. J.—“Why, no, what made you think that?” Four-year-old Millicent—“Why, you have your overalls on.” Barney Radtke and George Sohm have joined the ranks of the deserted husbands, their better seven-eighth.s being away on visits to home-folk.'; and relatives. Freda Neuer is an added member of the steno­ graphic department and the new face in the order department belongs to M. C. Mays, transferred into the office from his former post as attendant at S. S. 9. E. W. Thompson and W. H. Kampling are again with us after a few weeks of fast work on the sales force. 59 �Ray Lethcho and B. V. Stockwell are new members of the Quincy mechanical department. Our newest service station, No. 34 at Hannibal. Mo., was to be opened for business August 1, with attendants W. H. Lewis and Bryan Hayden in charge. Congratulations are in order for Mr. and Mrs. E. O. Bower on the arrival, July 26, of a chubby baby girl. Emmett is relief attendant for all Quincy service stations. W. D. Noel, attendant at S. S. 9, is a recent benedict and the newlyweds are hereby extended the best wishes of the SOCO family. The fol­ lowing incident should prove to the satisfaction of all that Doan is hopelessly in love with his bride: A week or so after the fatal day another attendant sought to have some fun by kidding Noel into believing that the S. S. superintendent had selected him to fill a vacancy at a distant town for a few days. Noel appeared to be quite unconcerned. Just then a car arrived at the station and the driver asked for a quart of Polar­ ine. Doan makes a grab for the hose, jabs it into the crankcase and pumps in a couple of quarts of Red Crown before the astonished cus­ tomer can stop him. The old motor received a good flushing and the affair was soon adjusted to the entire satisfaction of all concerned, but Noel may as well admit that he was just a little bit fussed. We have just received a clipping from the Louisiana, Mo., Press-Journal, which is headlined “Red Crown and Polarine Soar Over Louisiana” and reads as follows: “R. B. Pappenfort, attend­ ant at the service station, and H. G. Shaffner, salesman for the Standard Oil Co., took a view of Louisiana from the clouds in Lyle Hostetter’s airplane Sunday afternoon, and showered the town with advertising pamphlets for Red Crown, Polarine, and other Standard Oil products. The boys say this is a great sport, that Louisiana looks like a real city from the air and the size and beauty of Stark Brothers’ Nurseries is a wonder­ ful sight.” Fort Madison, Iowa.—Harry Wood, warehouse clerk, is the proud possessor of five iTttle English Bull pups. Better try your hand at hog-raising, Harry, and keep the butcher’s bill down. Overheard in the garage: F. L. Brown—“What in Sam Hill is that song Eddie Haeffner is always whistling?” J. L. Judy — “That Old Girl of Mine.” Lawrence Younk, attendant at S. S. 23, has his station looking fine. Keep up the good work, L. R. Meet Mr. F. P. Kerfoot, our latest acquisition, hustling tank truck driver who is helping us spread the fame of Red Crown and Polarine. Keokuk, Iowa.—O. A. VandenBoom, in charge of our garage, is stepping high these days. He is now the proud daddy of a bouncing baby boy, born July 13, and mother and sonny are doing just fine. Oscar says the only trouble he has had so far is that the baby complains because it is so hot it won’t snow. The youngster wants to shovel snow and sweep the walks. Thanks for the cigars, Ockey, they were fine—even if Huston did get more than half of them. Walter George Edward Biddenstadt, T. T. driver, is still making the weekly trip out the Hilton road and has begun to call for a larger truck to haul the gallonage he expects to pile up. Get the gallonage, Walter, we’ll get the truck. If anyone chancing to read this article has a few old cigar butts lying around which he has done using we would appreciate very much your sending them to S. E. Huston, in care of this station. While not in the least particular about the brand of cigar he picks up. Bill much pre­ fers those with a red band about them. But in case they do not have a band around them, send them on anyway, as Bill has several Tiands which he has saved and which no doubt will fit. (Bill sprained his ankle stepping on snipes and we want to prevent a like accident if possible.) Chester Dumenil, stake truck driver; has pur­ chased for himself a brand new sheik haircut. Don’t you know what a sheik haircut is? Well, neither do we, but Chester himself said that it was a sheik haircut, so you will have to take his word for it. Chester has informed us that there are several young ladies in Quincy who fancy this haircut of his, so if you see a young fellow running loose in Quincy, with a haircut that resembles nothing in particular it may be our little Chester. We are thinking seriously of entering the race promotion game as we would doubtless be able to stage quite a classy race right in our own back yard. There are at this station an unusual number of hot Fords and there continues an equally hot argument regarding who possesses the hottest one. Elmer Hartman drives the Tudor, Dumenil drives the Fordor, Ernie Moffit rushes the touring, and Oscar VandenBoom the roadster, while last but not least comes Siney McCarty with the Ford—well we would call it a coupe, but Mac insists that it is a Tudor, for has it not two doors, one on each side? Some of these days we are going to put on a race and invite you all up. Judging by time trials and other kinds of trials we think it would be a walk-away for Van. That is, after the first mile, he would have to “walk away” back home. Recently there have been two very important changes in the personnel of H. A. Brunat’s household. Not many days ago we heard in the distance weeping and gnashing of teeth. Upon investigation we learned that some time during the previous day the Prize Rhode Island Red cockerel which you have heard all about, bid this earth a fond farewell and ascended or descended to the place where all prize cockerels go. But the sorrow was short lived as very soon afterwards we learned of a dandy dapple gray pony that was to take the place of the departed. Young Bobby Brunat decided that the pony should be called Silver. H. A. insisted on calling it Red, but Bobby won. Harry now spends his spare time in chasing Silver out of the boulevard. We don’t know whether he is reducing the pony or himself but hope it will have the desired effect on both. Moberly, Mo.—We are sorry to report that T. T. Driver Glen Noel is on the sick list suffering from a painful abscess. We are hoping for a rapid recovery. Red. During Glen’s absence his truck is being nicely handled by J. S. Clemson. We had the honor of having with us recently. Manager A. L. Martin, S. S. Superintendent M. E. Jolidon, and Equipment Superintendent Ed Swinney, also Mr. Hintz of the equipment depart­ ment in the general offices. It simply poured goods news that day, and when we have acquired 60 �sonal appearance. He floated into the office with a new shroud of checkerboard design and a neck­ tie that flashes like a firefly with neuritis. His face is beginning to show signs of dilligent appli­ cations of lotions and beauty clay that bespeak an aflrliction of heart throbbing. Well, after all, Dan Foley fell by the wayside—why not Bob. fFarehouse—Earl E. Socier, driver at Saginaw has recovered from an operation for ap­ pendicitis and is back on the job after an absence of about six weeks. Earl says these things come in a hurry, but it sure does take some time to get rid of them. Picnic.—On Sunday morning, June 14, the em­ SAGINAW, MICH. ployees at the warehouse and machine shop gath­ S. P. Johnston, Correspondent ered their families together and all went out for John W. W. Mooney, our handsome agent at a picnic. The spot selected was a beautiful grove Minden City, would walk into a lion’s den and never put up a fight but when a dog calls his on the slope of Pine River, west of Freeland^ Men, women and children, to the number of 125 bluff he screams like a frightened sand dab. Not were present. The day was delightful and every­ so long ago he was approaching a farm house body went prepared to have a good time and when a hired hand playfully grabbed him by the Everybody ankle and made a noise like a dog with the result there were no disappointments. that Jack threw two five gallon buckets of Per­ brought their baskets filled with good things to eat. Ice cream cones, soda pop, lemonade, candy fection over the house and his scream frightened and peanuts were furnished by the committee, and the hired girl so bad she threw a pan of spud.s it took the kiddies and the grown-ups all day to away. eat and drink all they brought. The old swim­ D. H. Ward, Carsonville agent, is a fond lover ming hole was at its best, and many availed them­ of flowers. Any one wishing a real treat will do selves of the opportunity and spent much time well to call at his beautiful home when Dahlias at this refreshing spot. In the shallow parts of are in bloom. the stream the kiddies waded and splashed to Messrs. F. A. Dettenthaler and Albert Linberg have been seriously ill from the effects of blood their hearts’ content. Games, sports and con­ poisoning. Fred got his by a scratch from a tests were indulged in all day. A pie eating con­ test betwen twenty small boys was pulled off early typewriter and Albert got his playing with a in the day. Each lad had his own appetite with cactus Hans Albrecht figured in an auto accident but him and the contest was short and snappy. A was outclassed by Clarence Young and Young baseball game between the men and women was very exciting and, as may be supposed, was won Red Willert who both had the same kind of by the fairer sex. Boys’, girls’ races; threemisfortune. . Albert Fierke is managing to work after being legged, sack, men’s and women’s races were held. It seemed somebody was racing all the time. confined to his home for some time with a Prizes were given in each event so there was sprained ankle. E. J. Ortner is our new agent at Unionville, keen competition. A cracker eating contest was succeeding Alfred Stock. He is full of enthusi­ very amusing. Eat a cracker and whistle. Who can do it first? Try it. Many feats of strength asm and we think he will be a bear cat. He resembles Horace Greeley in some respects but and agility were indulged in by the men and some of these were very exciting. The doughnut eat­ don’t hold that against Horace. Mr. Stock is ing contest between eighteen men was a scream. going to do business in the town of Colling where Can you imagine a long rope stretched between black is white and dollars have more cents. two trees and from it, suspended on strings, were When one meets Earl Timmons approaching in his Ford Roadster he marvels at such a display eighteen doughnuts, and back of each doughnut, of shins. Earl has to fold his pedal extremities a man. Pretty tame—eh—what? Wait. We are not quite ready to start. Next, we dip each up like an ironing board so he can hold the steering wheel in his lap like a brakeman sitting doughnut in a can of sorghum molasses. Now on a box car. Earl says that all great men have we are ready. Go! Oh, Boy! You have to see this one to get the real thrill. The day ended all long legs, take Abe Lincoln, ferinkstance. too soon. Everyone voted this the greatest picnic Hough Tarrent, S. S. haberdasher, took his ever. Plans are already under way for another inspiration out for a ride on the sparkling waters picnic in the near future. of the River Saginaw and in some unknown manner the boat capsized and Hough was forced Mr. Haeffer from the Chicago office was a to throw his arms around her to save his life. caller at the warehouse this week. We are always Now he is a hero and the next accident will glad to see Mr. Haeffer when he calls. probably be at the altar. A SOCO baseball team is now being organ­ B. G. Hoerauf, cashier, received a fine baby ized at the plant. The boys have played a couple girl the latter part of April, B. B. Ragon got one of games so far and have met with good success, on the last week of May and Bill Sodeman which has filled them with enthusiasm and hope. received a baby boy in July. By a process of They say all they need now to make them a elimination you will observe that we missed June real team are some baseball suits. but that was a blunder on the part of the stork. Owosso.—We extend our congratulations to C. Look for later announcements. R. Amidon, cashier, who was made the proud Robert Allardice has placed the Crystal Set father of an eight pound S. S. attendant, June 4, in the ash can where it rightfully belongs and 1925. is devoting considerable of his time to his per­ 61 the many fine improvements promised us we will be second to none in the “A” station class. These are much needed improvements and we speak the sentiment of all when we say we appreciate them. We are tickled pink to have Mr. Rodgers of Quincy with us this week, also. George is demonstrating how well his portable painting ma­ chine operates, and, incidentilly, giving our trucks a fresh coat of paint. Boy, won’t they look swell when they step out next Monday a. m. George is some painter, and also some George, in more ways than one. �H. H. Keating pleased our service stations by paying each one a visit. A Chevrolet “Drive Away” stopped at S. S. SO last week and typical Standard Oil service was called to their attention when seven crank cases were drained and refilled with Polarine Oil in exactly eleven minutes. All Standard Oil S. S. attendants will feel rewarded for their service efforts when they know that a very prominent Owosso lady made this assertion: “The Standard Oil boys are the most courteous lot of people I’ve ever met.” Mr. E. J. Sonnenberg, S. S. instructor, is on the job at Owosso. ST. JOSEPH, MO. T. R. Ridge, Correspondent Walter Dougherty drove his car two blocks out of the way just to see why a crowd was gathered at a certain corner and found out (to the tune of $6.00) that they were watching cops arrest automobilists who were not displaying a tail light. Returned goods should be reduced to a mini­ mum since Dan Patton has whetted up the old 06 razor. Martha Ann Biehl arrived just in time to see the results of the flood in St. Joseph. She must think this is a muddy world. A. J. Brooks has finally convinced the girls in the stenographic department that it sometimes rains fish. Ben Reichmann after careful and deliberate study approves of the Safety First motto: “Watch the car just behind the one in front of you.” Heinie Leak recently returned from a very pleasant motor trip to Colorado. Roy Helenthal is pitching a mean set of gallop­ ing hoofs. The following were outstanding features at the Standard Oil Company picnic Thursday evening, July 23, Sugar Lake, Mo.: Sidney Long won the fat man’s race; Schall Zimmerman showed won­ derful form as a sea-diver; Leonard Hartigan as leader of the curbstone quartet scored a hit; Al Steinhauser gave a rural atmosphere to the picnic when he demonstrated the “Cross Roads Twist,” during the horseshoe game; Horace LeMaster after publicly announcing that he was engaged to be married, took a boat-load of girls out rowing. Horace LeMaster and Harold Pumphrey, both of the record department have been to the jewelry store and by the time this article is printed will be confirmed married men. Arlie Rinehart, who is on leave of absence, re­ ports that the weather in Colorado is fine. Foy Watson and Theodore Ridge of the marketing department have new boarders at their homes, the names of the new arrivals being Wil­ liam Milton Watson and Evelyn Mae Ridge. Lit Place, our skinny agent at Gallatin, says Ted Ridge hasn’t a thing on him as it is now Frances Louise, born July 8. Lit is all smiles. ST. LOUIS, MO. Margaret McCarthy, Correspondent There is romance galore around the office these days, weddings and announcements and new sparklers keep coming. The last one to join the ranks of benedicts is Ed Wittmond, head of the credit department, who took no one into his confi­ dence, but on the first day of his vacation was married to Miss Elsie Sartorius. Elsie formerly worked for the company and is remembered by many, and Ed’s years of association with us have proven his worth and the best wishes of all go to them. Bob May is back from “their” honeymoon and says there is no place like the romantic West for a real honeymoon trip. In the Spring a young man’s fancy, etc., etc. Spring comes late for Clarence Jensen, he must have lost his girl on the 4th of July for ever since then he has found more excuses for running into the dictaphone room every time a new girl is put on. Dark haired ones seem to be his preference, with Clarence’s blond locks that is as it should be. Marion Freeman came back from her vacation wearing a fraternity ring and a heavenly look, wonder if she exchanged her heart for them in Chicago ? Miss Loretta Long, daughter of John J. Long, assistant chief clerk, was to be married August 8 to James Sullivan. Best wishes to them also. Report is out that Ray Hotto will be a subject for congratulations when he returns from his vacation. We don’t know the girl’s name—^will give it later. John S. Seeibert, attendant at Broadway and Bates S. S., has had life membership conferred upon him in the United Spanish War Veterans, General Nelson Cole Camp No. 2. Mr. Seibert who has received citation for the Congressional Medal of Honor for services rendered in Cuba as organizer of the First Post of the American Legion. For this Mr. Seibert has received a gold medal, authorized by city, state and national head­ quarters of the Legion. George Ballew, driver at Columbia, is the proud father of a seven-pound boy. George says he will have to work harder than ever now, but it’s worth it. The sympathy of all is extended to M. H. Weston on the death of his brother, and to Bob Lehman who lost his father recently. SOUTH BEND, IND. J. T. Diltz, Correspondent Elkhart, Ind.—S. S. T. W. Driver C. E. Dunafin, while touring in Illinois last week was ap­ proached by a speed cop who ordered him to appear before the judge for speeding. Judge— “Mr. Dunafin are you guilty or not guilty?” Dunafin—“Guilty I guess, but you see judge it was like this. I use Red Crown Gasoline and the brakes wouldn’I hold.” Philip Bloss, our drayman, is recovering slow­ ly from a shock he received at one of his famous lakes last week, after losing a four pound pickerel from his stringer. Same old story, Bloss, the big ones always get away. Louis J. Melkus, attendant at S. S. 55, says his partner, V. E. Circle, is the luckiest man he ever saw, everyone drives in for lithograph cans of Polarine on Circle’s track. Lets hope next month will be your lucky month. C. R. Glase, city T. W. salesman, is nursing a sore foot, caused by stepping on some broken glass while in bathing at Wawasee Lake last Sunday. �Wanted: Extra clerk at Elkhart to take care o’clock on inspection morning. Oh, boy! of applicants applying for position at our new Bill Dearing, our expert gauger, declares his S. S. 108 at Lexington and Vistula. Ford sedan has a plank roof. Ask the “Swede.” Rural T. W. salesman O. E. Daly Jr., says George Hildenbrand, our jolly drayman, has he never could drive a truck down a hill back­ laid his potatoes by and now he gets back to wards ; they don’t make the roads wide enough. work by 1 o’clock. Logansport, Ind.—Lost; One pound box of Hurried call on telephone says Art Scarlett, cherry cocktails. Finder please return to L. R. M. T. W. driver, is mopping up Hogan’s drug Yeakley. Oh well, too late to return now. She store with a man who dared to say that Polarine has been disappointed. was no good. Rather lonesome since Mr. Sparks has moved Charles Crowe, attendant at S. S. 16, is into bis private office. passing the cigars, the reason, a nine pound son, We wonder if Drayman Rice has made any arriving May 21. more trips home at 7:00 A. M. to close the P. D. Wardwell, our city salesman, is very windows before a shower. fond of wild animals these days, carries them It has been suggested that Mr. Haner, ware­ along in his Ford coupe. houseman, be furnished a team of horses as he We have all been wondering why Maurice always yells “Whoa” when loading tankwagons. House, our cashier, was saving his money, until J. R. Yocum has accepted a position as at­ we met his lady friend at the Standard Oil picnic tendant at S. S. 22, succeeding J. R. Breman who held recently. All right Maurice we are for you, returned to the office of Penn R. R. Welcome but think you might tell us the date. to our midst Mr. Yocum. Fort tFayne, Ind.—If R. D. Corll, T. W. sales­ E. C. Forgey has accepted a position as sales­ man, starts out to sell thirty gallons of Polarine, man at S. S. 95, succeeding R. D. Laird, who it’s as good as sold. He says he could sell more has been transferred to S. S. 54., but hates to show the salesmen up. Line forms on the left, boys, don’t push. Everett German was a welcome two weeks’ visitor at our station. The drivers report all our Paul Cottrell, salesman at S. S. 27, says “Why trucks running perfect now. Call again, Everett. should I drive my car when my girl has a car.” “Yes sir,” K. E. Lakey, salesman at S. S. 30, The,, contest between the “Blues” and the “Reds” is running very close. The correspondents is still wearing his gigantic mustache. At a re­ have some odds to wage on the contest, and are cent inventory he located eleven on one side and thirteen on the other. not particular which side they wage it on. So long as it is the winning team. S. S. 30 must possess something very fas­ Slocum and Hamer, city salesmen, are very cinating for the stork, as both Lakey and Ulrey have had recent visits from him. fond of flowers, especially roses. Why? Ask them. William Nichtr, S. S. 85, requests the company Paul Dilley of the Chicago office is spending furnish more rags, by so doing he could increase his vacation in Logansport. the sale of Semdac. Bill says in his last demon­ Huntington, /„</.—Charles Schultz is the new stration he used three pounds of rags and fortyfive minutes time, when through the customer was attendant at S. S. 50. Luck to you Charlie. Burhl Fahl, attendant at S. S. 58, doesn’t get sold on Semdac but had no money. The next morning the daughter was down to get the Sem­ much sleep at night since the addition to his dac. Bill don’t understand “yet.” family. Somebody said it was a bull pup and Boys, our hats are off to Ed. J. Zurbuch, clerk had to be fed every two hours from a bottle and nipple. at the bulk plan! He strengthened that “faint T. W. Driver Ralph found good fishing at heart” and married Miss Agness Luley, July 7. Yes, the cigars were fine. Barber Lake. Ralph returned with one catfish, 2% inches long. Miscellaneous.—Ed. Miller, agent at Uniondale, still reports fishing rotten. William L. Folk has been transferred from S. S. attendant to city T. W. driver. Ask Bun Keller, S. S. 61, how he likes “carp.” LaFayette, Ind.—The contest between the Lem­ That is what he fishes for. onade Giants and the Ice Cream Tigers was Clark Flaugh, agent at Decatur, is hitting the fought bitterly throughout the month and ended ball. This is for anyone who is wondering what with the Giants leading by a few gallons. On he’s doing. July 19 the Tigers entertained at Tree-Built-Inn Cecil Bair, S. S. 61, was seen looking at an on the banks of the Wild Cat, and a most en­ old (Henry) the other day. “Better lay off, joyable time was had by all those present. A Cecil, until you can get a new one.” baseball game was played and resulted in a Anyone having seen N. W. Abbott, Craigville, secorid defeat for the Tigers. Bert Force en­ tertained with several acrobatic stunts while lately, please advise salesman covering this ter­ ritory. “Come out of the bushes. Nelson.” playing third base. Paul Wardwell who Bob Marboush, second truck man at Decatur, captained the Giants was well pleased with his believes most anything, “Try him boys.” team but his personal record would have been Frank Blake says he will support Bob Harris much better if he had not patronized the dance as a dog catcher! How come. Bob ? hall on the North River Road so much. Art Clemmens, T. W. driver at Mishawaka, If Charlie Burnham could use his grape vine sure stepped handsome in July. Reason? Nine twist on his Polarine sales his quota would have and one-half pound girl. to be tripled. Maurice House, our classy cashier, went broke Born to Mr. and Mrs. Henry Wirt, Wakarusa, buying all the latest bathing beauty magazines. a daughter, Kathleen Eileen. Hank says he Roy Wien, M. T. W. driver, lives two miles knows he’ll make his quota from now on! from S. O. Company’s plant and wakes up at 6 W. S. Beigh is under the care of a doctor. Sun 63 �stroke or palpitation of nerves, thinking of in­ coming competition. Howard McKenzie just received word of the passing of his grandfather. Our sympathy is with Howard during his bereavement. E. M. Preston motored to Richmond where the Mrs. Preston and sons were visiting friends and relatives. Better hurry home. Did you ever get awakened sharply and sud­ denly in the night? Perhaps a dream, or maybe a burglar. How would you feel if you were awakened suddenly some night, and found your house a fire, coal dust all over the house, soot hanging from picture frames, then realize how close to death, when you discover your house was struck by lightning! Ask Jack Williams of .Angola. Harry Parker is indesposed at this writing. Josephine says perhaps it was caused by her not attending Chautauqua with him. Pyrl Duncan said it reminded him of old times, while he was relaying gasoline from Hamilton. Dawson Goral missed a customer on Route 3 the other day, thinking they did not require any­ thing. Next day they called for Red Crown— about a six mile drive. Moral—it pays to stop. Roy Schall at Hamilton is using the old army game. He is trying to drive the enemy out of Metz. Clyde Reese at Orland painted his truck tank the other day, and Standard Oil men in around Angola, passed him without speaking, because they did not recognize him. Herbert Howard and Ford Troop are not married, so it is unwise to advertise them very much. The team of Gallagher and Shean connection with Standard Oil is becoming more of a reality than ever, since H’ray Gallagher took on the job of selling the Standard Oil Company, minus Polarine. The Monticello field wishes to express their appreciation for the last two numbers of the Record. We like to know our neighbors. K. Kingsbury has accepted a position as S. S. attendant at Monticello. The Standard Oil Company of Indiana has another royal booster. Born to Mr. and Mrs. Joe Moore of Monticello a future service station attendant. Mr. Moore is attendant at S. S. 47. We wonder what the attraction is at Good­ land. Ask Rufus, he knows. On the night of July 20, our genial agent at Sidney went fishing, they never got a bite but just as they were starting for home a nice two pound bass took pity on them and jumped in the boat. Bud says this is the truth, believe it or not. Walter Bouse at Claypool says he would like a couple of days off but he wont tell us who is to be the lucky lady. E. Fillabaum, driver at No. Manchester, was confined to his home one day last week. Early says is was candy that made him sick but we think that it was green apples, how about it? Carl Schmalazried, erstwhile agent at Wabash, paid us a visit last week. The boys in North Manchester like to see the big Dutchman once in a while even if he don’t stay long. Ligonier station had a slight change. Mr. Wolf, former station agent, went to S. S. 52 as salesman and Joe Taylor, S. S. salesman, took station agent. Both are on the job and going good. The Millersburg agent has to go to Goshen for Solite and he gets some light on how Goshen is going. Watch him and Decker, Neff. The entire division extends its sympathy to Agent F. E. Thompson and Mrs. Thompson over the loss of Betty Jane, their six months old daughter. Miss Nichols of the legal department in the general office is visiting her father and mother in Lowell, Ind., during her vacation. If you don’t believe it ask Karl Wendell, S. S. sales­ man at Crown Point. That’s right, Karl, it doesn’t make any difference, even though they aren’t in the South Bend division. We understand that on a certain evening not so long ago T. W. Driver Enno Sager had his Buick working overtime. S. S. Salesman Ray Ziese says she didn’t like to ride in a Ford any­ way. Don’t fight, boys. WICHITA, KANS. J. A. White, Correspondent (Ye scribe writes to ye editor telling of divers goodtimes said scribe had in ye vicinity of Lake Okoboji and there fore wast unable to be bothered with such mundane things as ye notes for ye Stanolind Record.) The Runaway It was the day before the race, and an in­ quisitive fan who had been looking over a few of the entries, came upon a likely looking little roan being groomed by an old darkey. “Good horse,” commented the fan. “There ain’t none bettah, suh,” said the darkey. “Who was he sired by?” “Well, suh,” replied the darkey, aware that the pedigree of his little horse was somewhat shady, “nobody knows that. This colt is so fast he run away from home befoah evah he’d heard his pap’s name !”—Contributed. * * * “You naughty, cruel boy!” said the very fash­ ionably dressed young woman, who was taking a stroll in the park, to the urchin whom she found despoiling a bird’s nest. “How can you be so heartless as to take those eggs? Think of the poor mother bird when she comes back and----- ” “That’s all right, miss,” interrupted the boy; “the mother bird is dead.” The young woman’s expression reflected dis­ belief. “How do you know?” she asked sharply. “Cos I sees ’er on your hat,” was the reply.— Exchange. * * * Ups and Downs of Language “Did you call Edith up this morning?” “Yes, but she wasn’t down.” “But why didn’t you call her down?” “Because she wasn’t up.” “Then call her up now and call her down for not being down when you called her up.”— Boston Transcript. 64 �STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Indiana) General Sales Department Allan Jackson, Vice-President T. J. Thompson, General Manager Assistant General Managers N R Grimshaw, Western Division Amos Ball, Eastern Division H. R. Cochran, Nortl^rn Division H. A. Lewis, Central Division Lubricating Department C. B. T. Thompson, General Manager O. Wilson, Assistant General Manager L. C. Welch, Assistant General Manager Asphalt Department C. C. Lakin, Manager Branch Offices LA CROSSE, WIS. CHICAGO, ILL. C. F. Hatmaker, Manager J. W. Wilson, Assistant Manager H. E. Bruce, Manager J. E. Monegan, Assistant Manager MANKATO, MINN. DAVENPORT, IOWA T. V. Warren, Manager J. J. Leu, Jr., Assistant Manager H. Chesbrough, Manager J. Clay Lee, Assistant Manager M. MASON CITY, IOWA DECATUR, ILL. J. H. Bl TIDE, Manager G. F. Phillips, Assistant Manager R. H. Thomas, Manager H. E. Hanson, Assistant Manager MILWAUKEE, WIS. DES MOINES, IOWA H. A. Monson, Assistant Manager W. J. Riepe, Assistant Manager P. A. Raupagh, Manager Ivan Prather, Ass’t Manager (Operation) W. C. Van Horne, Ass’t Manager (Sales) DETROIT, MICH. A. E. Ralston, Assistant Manager A. E. Ralston, Assistant Manager MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. F. L. Cochran, Manager E. N. Shali.enberger, Assistant Manager DULUTH, MINN. MINOT, N. D. I. J. Shields, Manager G. E. Webb, Assistant Manager John Beaton, Manager H. H. Hathaway, Assistant Manager EVANSVILLE, IND. W. J. Lang, Manager Ewald Brauns, Assistant Manager PEORIA, ILL. J. R. Coleman, Manager A. M. Maulsby, Assistant Manager FARGO, N. D. QUINCY, ILL. F. 1. Packard, Manager R. H. Dodd, Assistant Manager A. L. Martin, Manager T. P. Jones, Assistant Manager SAGINAW, MICH. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. L. J. Thompson, Manager F. H. Fillingham, Assistant Manager H. H. Keating, Manager E. R. Soop, Assistant Manager ST. JOSEPH, MO. HURON, S. D. A. H. Dodsi.ey, Manager C. L. Bailey, Assistant Manager C. H. Wagner, Manager R. S. Orr, Assistant Manager ST. LOUIS, MO. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. J. C. Marshall, Manager P. A. Serrin, Assistant Manager T. B. Clifford, Manager G. W. Coldsnow, Assistant Manager SIOUX CITY, IOWA JOLIET, ILL. L. W. Cameron, Manager Carl Monson, Assistant Manager H. J. Bemis, Manager J. N. Elkert, Assistant Manager SOUTH BEND, IND. KANSAS CITY, MO. H. C. Griffin, Manager K. T. Wenger, Assistant Manager R. F. McConnell, Manager W. T. Bannister, Assistant Manager WICHITA, KAN. P. J. Quinlan, Manager J. W. Ross, Assistant Manager �WHAT IS SUCCESS? It’s doing your work as best you can, And being just to your fellow man; It’s making money, but holding friends. And staying true to your aims and ends; It’s figuring how and learning why. And looking forward and thinking high. And dreaming a little and doing much. It’s keeping always in closest touch With what is finest in word and deed; It’s being thorough, yet making speed. It’s daring blithely the field of chance While making labor a brave romance; It’s going onward despite defeat. And fighting staunchly, but keeping sweet; It’s being clean and it’s playing fair It’s laughing lightly at Dame Despair; It’s looking up at the stars above. And drinking deeply of life and love; It’s struggling on with the will to win. But taking loss with a cheerful grin; It’s sharing sorrow, and work and mirth; And making better this good old earth; It’s serving, striving, through strain and stress, It’s doing your noblest—that’s Success. — New York Telegram. NEWMAN MONROE CO.. CHICAGO �;66 29 THE SHTURDAT EVENING POST “And after that a waiter. And after that a movie We Went three rounds, in against a large complacent cliff. No doubt the extra and a rather indifferent pugilist. I was also for officials of the United States Treasury Department the course of which I blacked his eye and he nearly a time a bouncer in a New York saloon. That was broke one of my ribs, and then we decided to kiss had felt the same. one of my failures. I started gaily out one night to “It’s maddening,” he said. and make it up. When I saw you, I had just been bounce an obstreperous client, and, unfortunately, “I beg your pardon?” standing beer to him and a few personal friends. “I was only thinking that there seems to be no he bounced me. This seemed to cause the boss to You look very happy, Your Highness.” lose confidence in my technique, and shortly after­ way in which the righteous can get at you.” “Do I?” wards I sailed for England to carve out a new career. “You look as if you would like to strangle me.” “And I don’t wonder. Running into an old friend “ No, no,” protested Joe. “ Just beat you over the head Since then I have been doing pretty well.” like this. I suppose you were surprised to see me “I am glad to hear that.” with one of these brass pots and watch you wriggle.” ’here.” “I bet you are. Yes, I got a job on a paper, and She laughed. “Very.” “You appear still to be the same engaging young held that for a while, and then I became a sort of “I, on the other hand, was expecting to meet you stooge or bottle washer to a publisher of dubious shortly. I am staying at Walsingford Hall, and man.” “ I imagine we’ve neither of us changed very much.” reputation named Busby.” heard that you were arriving.” “You have had quite a full life. Shall we go?” “Your circumstances seem to have changed. The “How do you come to be staying at the Hall?” They started to cross the room. “And since when,” “I thought it would be nice being with Tubby. last I heard of you, you were a sailor on a tramp she asked, “have you been a playwright?” steamer.” Somehow, he seems to need a brother’s care.” “You’ve heard about my “How did you know he was play? ” there?” “I have seen it.” “Oh, these things get about. Joe’s sense of futility dimin­ He tells me you are thinking of ished. He glowed a little. It buying the Hall.” was as if he had been a sportsman “Yes.” shooting at a rhinoceros with an “My visit will be a short one, air gun and one of the pellets had then.” caused the animal to wince. It “ Extremely short. Are you go­ was true that if his companion ing back there now? If so, I can had winced, he had not observed give you a lift.” it; but he knew her to be a woman “ Thanks.” who hid her feelings. “Unless you have any more “Already? This is very grati­ street fighting to do?” fying. What did you think of it? ” “No, I’m through for the day. “I suppose some people would I hear you have been revisiting call it clever.” New York.” “ The better element are unan­ “Yes. I returned the day be­ imous on that point. Shall I read fore yesterday. I had to go over you the notices?” and see my lawyer about my “No, thank you.” income tax. The Treasury people “It’s an extraordinary thing. were making the most absurd Nobody seems to want to hear claims.” those notices. Pretty soon I shall “Soaking the rich?” be beginning to think there’s a “Trying to soak the rich.” conspiracy. How did it go when “I hope they skinned you to you saw it?” the bone,” > “Very well.” “No. As a matter of fact, I “House fuU?” came out of it very well. Have “Packed.” you a cigarette?” “And they seemed to be en­ “Here you are.” joying it?” “Thank you. Yes, I won out “Immensely.” all along the line.” They came out of the hotel. “You would!” “My favorite scene,” said Joe, Once again, Joe was conscious “is the one in the second act be­ of that reluctant admiration tween the ghastly stepmother which he had felt at their meet­ and her stepson. Did they like ing, and, with it, of the baffled that?” resentment which so often came “Very much.” to those who had dealings with “Did you?” this woman. The effortless ease “It amused me.” with which she overrode all ob­ “That’s good. I aimed to en­ stacles and went complacently tertain.” through life on the crest of the “I have been hoping to meet wave offended his sense of dra­ you, Joseph,” said the Princess, matic construction. She was so “because I wanted to discuss obviously the viUainess of the that play of yours. We can have piece that it seemed inevitable a nice, cozy talk about it in the that eventually the doom must car.” overtake her. But it never did. She slipped gracefully into the Whoever had started that idea Rolls-Royce. Joe followed her. that Right in the end must al­ As she settled herself in her seat, ways triumph over Wrong had he saw that she was smiling that never known the Princess quiet smile again, and, but for Dwornitzchek. the absurdity of supposing that He watched her as she sat there there was any possible way in smoking and smiling quietly at which she could now do him a some thought that seemed to be mischief, it might have made him amusing her, and tried to analyze uneasy. the murderous feelings which she He knew that smile from the had always aroused in him. She old days. was, as he had said, undefeatable, and he came to the conclu­ sion that it was this impregnabil­ T WAS just as Joe and the ity of hers that caused them. She Princess Dwornitzchek were had no heart and a vast amount preparing to leave the hotel that of money, and this enabled her to a panting two-seater entered the face the world encased in triple High Street and began to proceed brass. He had in her presence a along it at a slow crawl, the girl sense of futility, as if he were Her Heart Was Reating Quickly as She Plucked a Pair of Trousers Like Fruit From, the Sought When a Sudden Exclamation From Behind Her Caused Her to Turn at the (Continued on Page 62} a very small wave beating up (Continued from Page Z7) I �30 THE SATURDAY EVENING POST September 4,1937 PHOIQ BY R. D. ADAMS The Hurricane Bench in 1904 Before the Mormons Brought Water From the Virgin River^ and^ Belowt Hurricane Town Today Sy MORROW WILBOH COURTESY OF THE IMPROVEMENT ERA greatest of Mormon col­ onizers, like Thomas Jefferson, believed that, as a broad generality, tillers of the earth make the best citizens. He directed his people to take farms from a desert wilderness, to reverence farming not only as a means of livelihood but as a way of living, to earn completely and to avoid charity. Today these practical gospels of Brigham Young remain mandates of the Mormons—properly the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Mormons still are fighting, conquering and settling the desert. In motive and philosophy. Mormon pioneering of 1937 is virtually identical with Mormon pioneering of 1857. On the long-idle Keogh ranch, in the Idaho dry lands about three miles from Malta, one may see modern Mormon pioneering. It is a 4000-acre ranch, once operated for cattle raising, and then, later, when grass began to fail, for sheep. Last year the church bought the ranch as a colony site. In March of this year, a new group of pioneers moved in on the land. I arrived at the ranch during the doldrums of a mid-April noon, picked my way among empty cor­ rals, and called at an aged bunkhouse built of mudchinked logs, once headquarters for a hell-roaring bevy of frontier cowboys. There was no evidence of a noontime lull. Four of the newly arrived colonists were visible and all were hard at work. One was plowing a dusty field with a shiny new tractor, another using a big draft team to plow out a badly neglected irrigation canal, and two righam young, B 1 more digging a well which is to supplement irrigation water provided by a hillside stream. Less than a month before, six young Mormons had taken over the abandoned ranch and set out to bring new life to an establishment long dead. With self­ subsistence as a primary motive, they aimed to re­ place range agriculture with intensive cultivation. During these first weeks they had plowed and planted about 150 acres to crops, reopened about three miles of old irrigation canal and planned the digging of five new wells which should bring water to about 1000 additional acres. All the boys have previous farm training. During their first season they are working as a group, to make the best possible use of available equipment. The try­ out finished, plans are to tenant the farms in groups of four, each member owning his own home and about thirty acres. The land will be purchased with a down payment of as little as a dollar an acre—on a total price not to exceed thirty dollars an acre. Having planted and harvested a first crop, these 1937-model pioneers plan to go to the mountains near by, cut timber for building homes and saw the lumber on the grounds, trading labor in order to keep housing costs at a minimum. All this is in keeping with original pioneer practices of Latter-day Saints. Having built homes, the boys plan to marry—one wife apiece. First home from work was twenty-six-year-old Elder Chase—members frequently acquire the title of elder by the time they are eighteen. Reared in South Carolina and Florida, Chase spent two years in a law school, grew weary of legalities, took a sales­ man’s job in Salt Lake and there became a Latterday Saint. Following church usance, he went forth as a missionary, wandering through England and Scotland—a fertile source of Mormon converts. The average return from each missionary is two converts. Elder Chase obtained his quota, lived meagerly and paid his own way. The church paid his fare home. Craving ownership of land, he sent in his applica­ tion to become a colonizer. Last March he arrived at the Keogh ranch with three other returned mis­ sionaries, Elders Wallace, Hill and Roberts. They reported to Mark Austin, seventy-two-year-old live­ stock man and former agricultural director of the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, who is now unsalaried and unofficial supervisor of the ranch. They took over the aged bunkhouse, cleaned out an old well near by and drew straws for turns at housekeeping. Bedding, cooking utensils and rations came from a church warehouse, as a loan and not as a gift. Elder Chase drew first term as cook and house­ keeper. The fare is simple—dried apples, stewed peaches, thick bacon and stewed beef. These pioneers of 1937 came to the land virtually without money. They are buying necessary food, clothing and household goods upon the credit of first crop. The church is making them a temporary loan of implements, a tractor, two teams of draft horses. No member is allowed to begin buying land until he has successfully finished his tryout year. Then his purchase will be limited to about fifty acres, or what is regarded as a subsistence (continued on Page 32; �THE SATURDAY EVENING POST MANUFACTURER OF 31 DELCO-REMY STARTING, LIGHTING. AND IGNITION KLAXON HORNS • DELCO BATTERIES AUTOMATIC CARBURETOR CONTROLS. DELCO-REMY PRODUCTS AND GENU­ ~ SERVICE INE PARTS ARE AVAILABLE AT UNITED MOTORS SERVICE STATIONS EVERY­ WHERE...WHEREVER YOU SEE THIS SIGN. Worlds Largest Manufacturer of Automotive Electrical Etjuipment �32 THE SHTURDHY EVENING POST September 4, Z937 farm. When irrigation canals are repaired and improved, and river water duly supplemented by the five newly surveyed wells, virtually all the ranch will be available to irrigation. Homesites and farms will be available for eighty or ninety families. At that time the church will underwrite building a temple, school and social center. But for the time being, life on the old Keogh ranch is one of plain food, rough work, no movies or bright lights. It’s a life of almost perpetual work from dawn till dark. But the pioneers declare they like it and look forward to the future. Superficially, this present-day pioneering is not particularly dramatic. But the people of Joseph Smith and Brigham Young still plod forward to take subsistence from land. They hitch-hike, drive flivvers, follow winter-lean nags. It is essen­ tially the same hard way. Some falter. Some will fail. But many are winning by way of stubborn labor. group of single young men to open the way and make a first crop before the site is peopled with families of de­ pendents. This is an old ex­ pedient of Mormon coloniza­ tion, followed in opening the great and beautiful Cache Valley of Utah and Idaho, now the greatest stronghold and show ground of Mormon agriculture. Under the present church security plan, caution under­ scores all new farming col­ onies. Need for placing mem­ bers upon new land is accen­ tuated by apparent climate changes in various parts of the intermountain West. In some areas, persistent decline in rainfall seems to be under­ Trying it Out on the Bachelors mining the future of dry-land ELECTION of colonists, like choice of farming farming, making irrigation a sites, is never an easy problem. Through the necessity. For example, there generations, church leadership has found that lik­is the one-time prosperous ing for farm life, desire to own land and grow crops, community of Vernon, Utah, is better born in a man than thrust upon him. where,for thepastdecade,rain­ Well over nine tenths of the Mormons who have fall has grown less and less, lately opened farms have taken land upon their until now all dry-land farms own resources, asking no help of the church be­ are abandoned. The same is yond expert advice, community work and temple largely true of Widtsoe, a building. These services the church always offers. high-plateau farm community Among the colonists who require credit, the near Powell National Forest. church must necessarily make careful selection. Many farmers who bought There can be no absolute rules; each applicant land on credit have lost it must be judged on his own merit. Preference goes through foreclosure. Now to members who are loyal in service to the church, the church seeks to help them particularly to young men with previous farm to other land. experience and a capacity for hard work. The most extensive land Investigations are made under direction of the service is of an advisory na­ church security board or its appointed agent. ture, directing members who Applicants expect neither donations nor cash are able to help themselves to wages. As a matter of mutual safeguard, they must desirable land. The church is usually fulfill a year’s tryout on the land to prove sending farm experts through­ whether or not they can stick and like it. If they out the intermountain West can’t, the deal is closed with a minimum of loss. If to make surveys of favorable they can, the deal is on for a long time. lands now for sale. Under For proving the settlement possibilities of un­ direction of the security tried land, the church is prone to send first a pioneer council, these investigators (Continued, from Page 30) S PHOTO BY R. D. ADAMS The Hand^Heivn Canal by Which the Mormon Pioneers Laboriously Brought Water to the Desert, Below—Part of Half a Milliori Cans of Surplus Foods Stored in the Church Security Warehouses at Salt Lake City PHOTO BY JOHN R. TALMAGE COURTESY OF THE IMPROVEMENT ERA The Grand Canyon and ^he Mormon Church' s Grand Old Man, Heber Jeddy Grant, Now Eighty appraise the land, re­ port upon its water resources and price, and then publicize the information through the various wards and agencies of the church. Mem­ bers are urged to col­ onize in groups. At present, the founding of inde­ pendent farm settle­ ments is in progress in various parts of Oregon, Montana, Idaho, Colorado, Ari­ zona and New Mex­ ico. Colonizing is most active in Southern and Central Idaho, and in the areas of Idaho Palls, Rexburg and the Twin Palls irrigation center. For members un­ able to afford land, the church is buying tracts for tryout settlement and even­ tual resale. During the past year and a half the church has bought about 10,000 acres in this manner, allocating the land in small strips of, usually, fifty acres or less to the family. After carefully investigating the applicant, it offers the member a year’s trial lease at little or no rental. Then, if the venture shows promise, the church resells the land to members on long terms and with low interest, invariably without fees or profit. Colonies of the Future on Principles of the Past RICES must be low. Payment of prevailin'g averages for land would plunge the moneyless colonizer hopelessly into debt. In most instances, the church favors sites where water can be brought to the land by means of home labor and enter­ prise. Since many of the pioneers have neither seed, livestock, nor implements, the church fre­ quently supplies tractors for breaking the land and advances implements and seed—wherever posr sible from church-operated warehouses. Charges are cut to a minimum. But some form of payment is expected, in keeping with the Mormon tradition of allowing no able-bodied man to feed from the labor of another. The church has lately helped locate a twelve­ family farming community about 100 miles east of Calgary, Alberta. Another new venture in coloniz­ ing is near Salmon, Idaho, a once-famous livestock co’iintry. About 500 members have recently settled in the Salmon area, and are now buying farms. The church recently bought the former Governor Shoup ranch near Salmon and resold the land to ten families, who now own farms ranging from 30 to 500 acres (con tinned on Page 37) P �THE SATURDAT EVENING POST heart wrong? Come home now, gallant it tears my heart,” he said. “Whisper man, and you’ll see me make the weeds here! But don’t use it aginst me. The and the daisies bow their heads like name he called me was Snotty Nose.” Though often sorely tempted, I have Barney Doony.” He came closer and his voice again never called Thomasheen James by that changed and lowered. “ I’U do it though opprobrious name. PJOWSMSs 19^^ CURE YOUR CAR'S HUNGER FOR OIL "BETWEEN MEALS (Continued from Page 32) i each. Most of the old ranch, once too dry even for reliable range, is now un­ der irrigation. Principally with their own labor, the settlers have completed about three miles of irrigation canals, and mustard-brown range is changing to green fields and alfalfa and timothy and experimental crops of sugar beets. Labor is paying for the land. At Bluewater, about forty miles east of Gallup, New Mexico, the church is now in course of buying about 2300 acres of desert land newly available to irrigation. It is probable that colonists will take over this site early in 1938. All these are Mormon colonies of the future. Not yet finally proved, they are a direct revival of colonizing prin­ ciples which have opened most of the Mormon land now in use. Brigham Young and his followers projected the state of Deseret to include not only the present Utah but most of Arizona, Nevada, Eastern Colorado and New Mexico, the southwestern corner of Wyoming and the lower third of Cali­ fornia. For a century. Mormon land taking has been a gradual and laborious en­ deavor. To change the deserts of today into secure farm lands of tomorrow takes time and work. To appreciate this, one has but to visit Hurricane, a Mormon community up in the occa­ sional mesas of Southeastern Utah, possibilities for a canal. Years passed. Finally about 100 men organized a stock company to build an irrigation canal through the badlands. Blocks of stock were hmited to twenty shares each, all payable in labor. Each share entitled the owner to one acre with “primary water rights and an equity in a town lot, exact choice of land to be decided by drawing straws.” The length of the proposed canal was marked off into stations of four rods. Stations were assigned to stockholders, who pledged themselves to work out their stock payments. Labor credit for various sectors of the canal was de­ cided upon a basis of the difficulties to be met in the construction—whether solid rock, loose rock or earth. Meanwhile the settlers faced the need of earning a living. In summer they ceased canal building to tend their farms. Between November and March, able-bodied men and boys packed grub boxes and went to the mountains, leav­ ing the women to tend the homes and livestock. Workers wintered in the rough lands, marooned for months at a time by blizzards and high water. , JI Homemade Canal As an engineering feat, the most re­ markable thing about the canal is that it can and does carry water. As a dem­ onstration of human persistency, of courage in the face of ruinous odds, this reporter believes it second to none. The men who built it, their children and grandchildren, are just now begin­ ning to realize benefits. By the magic of sweat, a desert has been changed to luxuriant fields and a community of good schools, churches and homes. This area has been opened entirely without Government aid or any other outside help. There is always water in the Virgin River. There was rich sod. awaiting the water. Fourteen years of relentlessly hard work performed the magic union. Back in 1893, a group of citizens from less-successful Virgin River set­ tlements appointed a committee to go through the canyon and consider the .. -Ki, • /say, BIC BOY, HOW ICOME YOU USE LESS OIL THAN LITTLE ME? SIMPLE, SHRIMPA I HAVE SEALED POWER PISTON RINGS Virgin River to Virgin Land Nine years of labor found the canal at a standstill. To dodge starvation, part of the workmen were forced to mifliaitiiiiTiWitKiMtwi g'liRUBgum niftf tional T’ark. than a dollar a day, more than $32,000 Hurricane is a Mormon colony of worth of labor had gone into the un- the present, only recently become green and plenteous with good farms. The life of the community depends upon a homemade irrigation canal which taps the rambunctious and unpredictable Virgin River. The canal is about eight miles long, nine feet wide and four deep. It carries enough water for fortyfive farms and irrigates 2200 acres, on which live about 1000 people. Mormon settlers spent fourteen hard years shaping this canal. They dug it with picks, shovels and drills, breaking through nine tunnels, guiding its course along sheer cliff walls from 50 to 200 feet above the mesa table, and hoisting high board flumes upon trestles. 57 dertaking. Yet much of the hardest construction, including the nine tun­ nels, was stiU unfinished. James Jepson, president of the group, went to Salt Lake to ask a loan from the church, offering as credit collateral shares in the venture. The church subscribed $5000 worth of the stock. Most of this money went for supplies—prin­ cipally dynamite and blasting powder. Workers were paid 25 per cent in cash, 75 per cent in stock until the job was finished. Finally the canal carried water to the desert—which meant land­ clearing, plowing, planting and home building. The first ten families to move in spent their beginning year in tents and dugouts. Rich soil and plenty of water now make this land semitropical in appear­ ance. Fruit trees grow well, and though the community is still about fifty miles from a railroad. Hurricane peaches, grapes, figs, pecans and walnuts are taking a welcome place upon inter­ mountain markets. The second year after its colonization, the Hurricane ward, or church, contributed about S5000 in voluntary tithes, representing a first-crop income of about $50,000. Probable cost of the eight miles of canal was $60,000—at least $50,000 of it in labor. Today the income from a single crop would more than meet the expense of the entire project. Orig­ inally, the desert land was bought for an average of a dollar and a quarter an acre. It now sells for as much as $300 an acre. Jim Jepson, chief organizer for the amazing canal, is alert and healthy in his eighty-third year. In 1857, while giving counsel to the effect that it is cheaper to feed Indians ENJOY "DRAIN-TO-DRAIN" Oft MILEAGE ... AS THOUSANDS ' HAVE AFTER INSTALLING SEALED POWER PISTON RINGS V^^HEN your car begins to beg for ’’ oil just after you have "drained and filled,” it’s time to halt this needless extravagance. For you can stop your car’s hunger for oil "be­ tween meals” ... easily, quickly and economically. Sealed Power Piston Rings are usually all your car needs. These sensational piston rings were created for cars like yours— cars that are costing $2, $3, $4 or more a month for oil. Sealed Power Piston Rings abate this oil appetite. In fact, after installing them, thou­ sands of motorists find the oil stick still registers "full” when it’s time to drain and fill again! You see. Sealed Power Rings have an inner spring of Swedish steel which expands the specially con­ structed outer ring so that it con­ forms to the out-of-round shape of the cylinder wall. This "seals” the power. Keeps the gas in the com­ bustion chamber. Keeps the oil out. Oil economy is thus restored. Pep, speed, power are restored, as well! Warning! Read Carefully! Sometimes valve guides, new bear­ ings or new Sealed Power Lo-Ex Pistons are needed to get 100% oil economy. In such cases, no piston ring in the world (despite some ridiculous claims) can restore econ­ omy. Ask your Sealed Power ace mechanic to inspect your car. You can depend on him. Write for our new booklet “New Low Cost Way to Save Oil and Gas and Increase Pep.” It’s free. And you’ll like it! �THE SHTURDHY EVENING POST 58 YOU’LL BE GLAD TO MAKE YOUR FACE A FOR THIS EXPERIMENT 'VT’OU have everything to gain — nothing to lose—by trying the reJ markable new Listerine Shaving Cream. y i You. will at least get a * shave the equal or any you’ve tried and the chances are that you will get one that is a whole lot better. Approximately 7 out of 10 men who accepted our samples are now regular users of this special cream. Our biggest boosters are the tough­ beard, soft-skin fellows who used to shop around for all sorts of creams until they found Listerine Shaving Cream. They say it combines the benefits of a healing lotion and a lather that "takes the strength out of the toughest beard in a few seconds.” Your razor glides over a lotion film of glycerine, Nature’s oldest balm. There is absolutely no tugging. No pulling. No redness, rawness, or burning. After the shave, your skin is cool and pliant as a baby’s. Risk a quarter and get a big 104-shave tube at your druggist’s, or send lOfi in coin and we will send you, postpaid, a 20-shave trial tube of Listerine Shaving Cream and a genuine porcelain razor blade container of smart design (which, incidentally, the kids think is a dandy toy). Lambert Pharmacal Co., Dept. 209 2101 Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. Gentlemen: Enclosed find lOji for which please send postpaid, a 20-shave trial tube of Listerine Shaving Cream and porcelain blade container. Name____________________________________________ Address_____ ;_____________________________________ City_____ u_______ Sfflfe _____ _ than to fight them, Brigham Young pointed out that the terrors of the wilderness, such as Indians, man-eating grizzlies and uncrossable rivers, were but temporary drawbacks. Indians would grow accustomed to white men. Mormon hunters would soon wear down the grizzlies. Ways and means would eventually be found for bridging the more troublesome rivers. But Brigham Young never entertained any illusions to the effect that wilderness fighting is a game for softies, or that the intermountain West, even when won, would be easy to hold. Today there are few, if any, maneating grizzlies left in the Mormon country. Indians no longer take the war trail. Roads are moderately pass­ able. But the old devil, weather, stays on. Floods and wind erosion are for­ ever menacing the farmers. Cheap land that will grow crops becomes for­ ever scarcer. Most of the good land accessible to water is already either in use or held at prices beyond the purse of a poor colonizer. The job of colony founding was never so difficult as it is today; the return of men to the land never more difficult. Church leaders realize this. They are buckling down to the fight of all fights. The present urge is toward cautious expansion and the improvement of present holdings. Gradually, the land is being made more productive, better to fill the needs of a fast-growing membership. Rapid expansion or simul­ taneous movement of any great num­ ber of colonists is frowned upon by the church. Among the Mormons, most of the remaining unemployed are unskilled laborers. How to train these unskilled workmen in the midst of complicated labor uncertainties is the immediate problem. The one answer seems to be a widespread return to land. Through­ out the Mormon country, poverty and distress have been found principally in towns and cities, the most secure liv­ ing in farming community. Thus, the church’s biggest job is to help more young men and women to help them­ selves to land. The Church Organization It’s a yea-and-nay proposition. On the yea side is a tradition of pioneer hardihood which has brought under cultivation much of the American des­ ert. There is the statistical truth that Mormon population now has the low­ est death rate of any group in the United States, one of the highest birth rates among all Caucasian peoples, a life span longer than average. Among Mormons the proportion of college graduates and professional degrees likewise sets an all-American high for any similar group. The average hold­ ing of wealth is, perhaps, the highest of any comparable church membership. Financially, the church is strong and free of debt. Tithe revenues are highly reliable. There is no salaried ministry. Still more pertinent to the new chal­ lenge of economic insecurity is the fact that the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has an organization founded to suit temporal as well as spiritual needs. The church is actively interested not only in farming but in merchandising, banking and invest­ ments and manufacturing. International headquarters are at Salt Lake City. The church is appor­ tioned into 118 regions, or stakes, roughly similar to counties, as admin­ istrative units. The stake, governed by a presidency and a council of twelve, embraces a number of wards, similar to individual churches of other denomina­ tions. The ward is directed by a resi­ dent bishop and his council. Actual leadership is almost entirely in the hands of businessmen, farmers and other professionals, who serve without cost to the church. In all, there are now 1080 wards with a total ward membership of about 747,000. Farming remains the dominant trade of Mormon membership, with the farm­ ing communities scattered throughout the arid and semiarid West from Can­ ada to Mexico. Water is the lifeblood of this agriculture. Use of water is the real foundation of Mormon security. In its practical sense, irrigation in the United States probably began in Salt Lake City—just two blocks from the church’s administrative building. That was ninety-six years ago. Mor­ mon pioneers undertook to plow the first dry furrow to carry water. Scientific Irrigation One plowshare broke. But the sec­ ond dug into the dust and hardpan, opened a way for water which irri­ gated a first crop of potatoes. Since then the irrigation ditch has been the Mormon trail to security. Now irriga­ tion has changed from a frantic ex­ periment of a desert frontier to a com­ manding science. In this fact church leadership reads a foremost hope for continuation of Mormon selfsufficiency. Irrigation is a tough subject. At best, it is no certain key to success. Its first complication begins in inter­ pretation of property rights. From a standpoint of common law, ownership of water involves much the same rights as ownership of land. Mormon pio­ neering substituted the viewpoint that ownership of water can be retained only so long as water is put to benefi­ cial use. Some forty years ago, the church experiment station at Logan, Utah, began studying uses of water on soil, making scientific experiments to de­ termine just how much water is actu­ ally needed for making a crop. This pioneering in the science of irrigation has provided a new yardstick for measuring water resources. It has proved, for one thing, that unless the soil is naturally rich, irrigation is usu­ ally a poor risk. Several Government irrigation projects now current are storing huge quantities of water which are available only to poor land. Churchdirected research also proved that ac­ tual relation between amount of water applied to land and crops harvested is often affected by the law of diminish­ ing returns. That is, the first five inches of water to the acre may make fifteen bushels of wheat; the second five inches only seven additional bushels, and the third only four bushels more. In general, returns from irrigation are likely to increase as a given source of water is spread over more land. This suggests irrigation as a new method of crop control. Dr. . John A. Widtsoe, foremost church authority upon irrigation, was one of the first students to demonstrate that by cut­ ting off water from wheat immediately before harvest time, the protein con­ tent of the grain can be materially in­ creased; that food or feed qualities of various other crops can be materially influenced by control of irrigation. Scientific agencies of the church are going further with this study. They find that better fertilizing of land can greatly reduce water requirements of various crops and that quantities of water now being lost in seepage from September t9S7 canals and ditches might be saved. Yet untouched are a great many deep­ channel sources, where water is plenti­ ful, but the expense of raising it to fields still too great. Doctor Widtsoe, like other outstand­ ing students of the subject, believes that persistent improvement in sources and technique can substantially increase, and possibly double, the present acreage of irrigated land. This would make possible the establishment of a great many new farming colonies, and yield better returns for the labor and water fees now spent for irrigation. For more than a century. Mormon management has recognized the fact that success in farming rests partly upon towns and cities—upon the townsman’s ability to stay employed, to earn and to buy. Helping men and women back to land is one of the schemes which have already taken more than 21,000 Mormons off Federal relief and given assistance to, perhaps, 30,000 members in want. It has also helped to fill twenty-four regional storehouses for the benefit of needy members who are willing to work for what they eat and wear, and has found jobs for at least 23,000 idle members. April, 1937, marked the end of the first year of the church security pro­ gram. For the coming year, the goal, according to Harold B. Lee, president of Pioneer stake and managing director of the security plan, is “to create at least one worthwhile rehabilitation project for each quorum, ward, stake and region within the church.” Helping Them to Help Themselves Admittedly, one year is too short a time for final judgment or proof. But the security plan is po novelty. In­ stead of being a new deal, church se­ curity is a deliberate return to a gospel of pioneering days and ways, a gospel old as the church itself. For, “the aim of the church is to help the people to help themselves ... to set up a sys­ tem whereby evils of the dole will be abolished, and where independence, thrift, industry and self-respect can again be established among our people. Work is to be re-enthroned as the rul­ ing principle of the lives of our church membership.” This statement by President Heber J. Grant suggests the .church’s out­ spoken disapproval of prevailing prac­ tices and principles of Federal relief. In October, 1935, about 85,000 Mor­ mons, were receiving relief—7300 from the church, the rest from the Govern­ ment. Church leadership estimated that between 15 and 20 per cent of the relief takers “either did not need it or had farms that might, if farmed, have kept them off relief.” But there was no immediate way of taking all members off rehef. With opening of the Mormon security pro­ gram, the church admonished mem­ bers to get off the WPA as soon as pos­ sible, meanwhile to “be scrupulously careful to do an honest day’s work for a day’s pay.” Meanwhile the church security plan swung into action, offering work with payment in needed merchandise rather than cash, and stressing the declara­ tion of First Counselor J. Reuben Clark, Jr., that the more productive the labor on projects can be made, the more economically sound is the pro­ gram. Church security work now includes planting and cultivating gardens and orchards, canning meats, canning and drying fruits and vegetables, making (Continued on Page 6OJ �THE SHTURDHY EVENING POST 59 Ifs the hidden values that determine your moneyss worth—remember there is No Reclaimed Rubber In General Tires Just 10 short years ago, America went through an epidemic of putting reclaimed rubber in tires— based on the false premise of rubber conservation. America knows the disastrous results of that costly experiment—using 3 sets of tires to go the distance one should travel, blowouts, constant trouble. General Tire warned motorists then that "You can’t save rubber by using less of it.” Today, history repeats. When crude rubber was 3c a pound all manufacturers used it extensively. The price of crude rubber has soared—it is up 110%. But here is the important fact. The necessity for using the same quantity of good rubber for the sake of quality does not change regardless of fluctuations in rubber prices. Putting reclaimed rubber into a tire is as funda­ mentally wrong as the subterfuge of putting water in milk. It saves money for the manufac­ turer, but it dilutes the quality of the entire rubber structure. When you buy General Tires you buy tires made from fresh, pure, virgin crude rubber stock. Never an ounce of reclaimed rubber. You should know the facts. There is no economical substitute for quality. See the General Tire dealer today and find out how easy it is to get America’s Top-Quality tire on your car. THE GENERAL TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY • AKRON, OHIO In Canada — The General Tire and Rubber Co. of Canada, Timited, Toronto, Ontario FRESH RUBBER comes from the rubber plantation. Nature gives it its resiliency. Only fresh, plantation grown rubber is used in General Tires. RECLAIMED RUBBER is made from tires that have run out their span of life. This rubber has lost its freshness, its strength and elas­ ticity. It can never get it back. WATER IN MILK. Putting re­ claimed rubber into a tire is as fundamentally wrong as putting water in milk. It dilutes the quality of the entire rubber structure. SOLID RUBBER. Reclaimed rubber is all right for the toys your children play with. Solid rubber products don’t need the soft, resilient strength that pure, fresh rubber gives to tires. © The General Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, O. �THE SJITURDHY EVENING POST 60 (Continued from. Page 58) offer of work in return for food, shelter, and remodeling clothing, repairing shoes, woodcutting and establishment of city wood yards, butchering, remod­ eling homes, building storehouses, root cellars, furniture making and repair­ ing, community hospitalization, voca­ tional training for boys and girls, mak­ ing tractors and farm implements. To date, twenty-four storehouses for crop harvests, canned goods, clothing, leather, farm tools and various other products of relief work are completed and in operation. In the main, these buildings and space have been contrib­ uted by members in addition to cus­ tomary tithe offerings. These store­ houses are widely distributed through­ out Mormon territory and offer the beginning farmer an immediate supply of necessities, with the chance to repay in kind rather than in cash. Here is a typical instance: Last year a farmer in the lower Cache Valley had an enormous cherry crop. He sold the first harvest while the market was strong. When the market began to weaken, he contributed the remainder of the crop—about three tons—to the local storehouse. Women of the ward rallied for a canning bee and put the entire three tons of cherries into cans. It happens that the new Mormon pioneer community near Calgary, Al­ berta, located in a great cattle country where fruits cannot be grown, has a great oversupply of beef and a per­ petual undersupply of fruits. So a warehouse trade was effected—canned beef for canned cherries. The Canadian government made special provision for free admission of the exchange. Rail­ roads reduced freight on the barter goods to half. On farms, as in towns, the Mormon works program marches on. In addi­ tion to tillage, storage, manufacture and education, seventy-three new tem­ ples are now being built. The church pays about 60 per cent of total costs from general funds. This is enough for purchase of materials. The wards con­ tribute the remaining 40 per cent, prin­ cipally in labor, part of it given gratis, part paid in crops or in storehouse goods. A few of the members stiU cling to the Federal works,rejectingthe church’s clothes and medicine, and expressing preference for Government cash which they can spend as they like. To meet this problem, the church relies most of all upon “moral persuasion,” upon the co-operation of members in reasoning with the work-shy minority. Speaking as a non-Mormon on­ looker, this reporter believes the Mor­ mon prowess of moral persuasion is one of the most amazing of all American phenomena. It is the invisible power behind the entire security program; it energizes the whole project of coloniz­ ing new land. Just now the power of moral persuasion behind Mormon land taking, and the security program generally, appears to take primary source from one individual—an ex­ tremely plain-living and plain-spoken old man who works in an extremely elaborate gold-and-marble office suite in Salt Lake City. His name is Heber Jeddy Grant. He was eighty last November. He is now serving his eighteenth year as seventh president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The church has just celebrated its hundred and seventh anniversary. During more than half of this time, Heber Grant has held responsible office in various branches of the church. In addition to church duties, he is presi­ dent organizer of the Beneficial Life Insurance Company, president of Ho­ tel Utah, Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, Zion’s Co-operative Mercantile Institu­ tion, Utah State National Bank, Zion’s Savings Bank and Trust Company, Deseret Book Company, all of Salt Lake City. JI Protege of Brigham Young He was founder and first president of the Bank of Utah. The bank failed, throwing him S100,000 in debt. He was co-founder of a farm machinery company, now the Consolidated Wagon and Machine Company, of Salt Lake. He promoted building the first beetsugar factory ever to be equipped with American-made machinery, founded a soap factory, a daily newspaper, mill­ ing plant, library, a church mission in I Japan. But he estimates that his hard­ est undertaking was learning how to sing. For years he took voice lessons, practiced assiduously, endured criti­ cism and complaint. Now he can sing The Flag Without a Stain practically without a flaw. A youthful medal winner in pen­ manship, President Grant made his start in business by writing in longhand such social documents as calling cards, holiday greetings and wedding invita­ tions. He taught penmanship and bookkeeping at the University of Des­ eret, now University of Utah. At nineteen he became assistant cashier, janitor, paying and receiving teller, note clerk and bookkeeper for Zion’s Savings Bank and Trust Com­ pany, of which Brigham Young was then president. Signing young Grant’s bond was, perhaps. Young’s last busi­ ness act. During the same day the master colonizer of Mormons was stricken, presumably, with appendi­ citis, which caused his death. Sixty years later, Heber Grant tells the story: “I had to give a bond of $25,000 vouching my honesty. I walked up to the office of President Brigham Young, and just as he opened the door with his cape on his arm, I said: ‘President Young, as you know, the other day I was elected assistant cashier of this bank, and they require a bond of $25,000 guaranteeing my honesty. I thought it would be very appropriate for the presi­ dent of the bank to sign my bond, and I’ve come up for your signature.’ “He smiled and said, ‘Heber, I don’t see how in the world I can get out of signing your bond. I said so many good things about you at the directors’ meeting that if I refuse to sign your bond, they’ll accuse me of not telling the truth!’” Soft-spoken, bearded. President Grant looks upon an everbroadening world. During his lifetime he has watched the rise of all the famed build­ ings of Salt Lake—the Mormon tab­ ernacle, the great temple, church head­ quarters, statues, shrines, modified skyscrapers. He has watched streets and thoroughfares smother out subsistence gardens, pastures and orchards. He has seen the rise and prosperity of hundreds Jieptember 4, 1937 of towns and farming communities throughout the intermountain country, seen millions of acres of desert made farmable and verdant. All this Heber Grant regards as a logical development of truth. He con­ cedes that truth is a pretty hard word to define. For further explanation, he relies heavily upon a little book called The Power of 'Truth, written by Wil­ liam George Jordan,* and often pauses to read aloud the opening sentence: “ Truth is the rock foundation of every great character. It is loyalty to the right as we see it.” The Idler and the Laborer Heber Grant believes in the power of moral persuasion and believes its foundation is truth. Truth demands practical administration for any estab­ lishment, from a subsistence farm to a billion-dollar church. He believes that a continuation of colonizing is the best possible foundation for continuation of a solvent church. He believes that good planning and moral persuasion will continue to lead Mormons to the land. But colonizers of the future must work and hold their ground in the manner of land takers of the past. Mandates of the church direct that “the idler shall not eat the bread of the laborer.” He believes Government relief is bad for business, still worse for social and spiritual stability. A Government dole, as he sees it, is a matter of living in an air castle. This inspires another one of Heber J. Grant’s favorite quota­ tions from William George Jordan: “Living in an air castle is about as profitable as owning a half interest in a rainbow. It is no more nourishing than a dinner of twelve courses, eaten in a dream. . . . The atmosphere of air castles is heavy and stupefying with vague hopes and phantom ideals. The architectural error about air cas­ tles is that the owner builds them downward from their gilded turrets in the clouds instead of upward from a solid, firm foundation of purpose and energy. This diet of lotus leaves is a mental narcotic, not a stimulant.” ♦Editor op The Saturday Evening Post, 1898-99. GO TO OOTO (Continued from Page 23) almost everything, than I am now, when I believe very little—and that with reservations. I have reservations, of course, when I go to church. I cannot, for example, go down the fine word for word with the Apostles’ Creed. For that matter, I do not take the church itself in my stride, as I once did. I have seen the ecclesiastical wheels go around and I know that they are very much like any other wheels. Nevertheless, when I go to church I meet up with a great deal that I can stiU revere—more, in fact, than I meet up with anywhere else. A good many of my friends have very strange ideas about God. I never argue with them about Him. A few of my friends are intellectuals—ultra­ ultras. They say that in an intelhgent man’s universe “there is no room for God.” I never argue with them either. But when I ask them what their “in­ telligent man’s universe” does have room for, I stand in awe before the things that they admit nobody knows. On the next Sunday morning, there­ fore, I go to church. I go reverently, because I believe in God. But if I did not believe in Him, I would go, any­ way—out of reverence for the size of the mystery with which the little we know is surrounded. Then, too, I go to church because the big idea back of what goes on there is to encourage whatever, in me, is good. My preacher does not go in very much for polities and eco­ nomics. He just keeps hammering away on right and wrong. Sometimes I think he hammers away at me. But he is almost always right, and I take it. It is very much like having an an­ nual physical overhauling or seeing your dentist twice a year. Except that in the area where the church operates, I think I need to be overhauled oftener than that. It is hard to say how much of an im­ pression the church and the preacher make. They undoubtedly want more honesty and patience and unselfishness than it is possible—things being what they are—to get. I think our preacher would admit that. But I think he be­ lieves that it is a good idea having a regular check-up on the ideal, even though we keep on falling short of it. I agree with him. I go to church because, after having sized things up all week by more or less selfish standards, I am ready for an hour in which they are sized up by moral standards. I can generally tell what I want to do without calling in any outside help. When it comes to de­ ciding what is right to do, I can afford to have some counsel and advice. I do not think I lose anything, either, by having my conscience poked a bit. I suppose that nearly everybody in my town agrees with all this. They say that they “wouldn’t live in a com­ munity that didn’t have a church.” Some of them get terribly steamed up about what Russia has done to re­ ligion. They talk about “subversive in­ fluences” that are out to destroy the church in this cpuntry. But next Sun­ day morning, when I go to church, only the same faithful seventy-five will be there. It seems to me that our absent and vicarious believers ought to fish or cut bait. The thing our church needs, more than their defense, is their patronage. Some of them, of course, teU you that they do not go to church because they had to go so much in their youth. I doubt if they ever had to go that much. And I have never seen any very great outpouring on Sunday mornings of those who did not have to go to church in their youth. As for the argument, popular among golfers, about God and the great out­ doors, all I can say is that, having done a little Sunday-morning golfing my­ self, I know what most people get on such occasions from the great outdoors. They get exercise. They get tired. They get mad. After eighteen holes, or less, they may get a highball. To get these things may, or may not, be desir­ able. But they are not the things that one gets from church. I go to church to get the things that the church has to offer. In our little church at the end of the street, the trappings are not all that could be de­ sired and the technique is sometimes poor. But I go anyway. I go because the things that I get there are not offered anywhere else. And I have been going long enough to be sure, in my own mind, that I get along better with those things than without them. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 2-A Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Standard Oil Company Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saturday Evening Post Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1925 Description An account of the resource This Letterbox contains an issue of the Stranolind Record, a publication of the employees of the Standard Oil Company, for September 1925. Many of the articles in this issue of the Stranolind focus on Casper and Wyoming while also including information on the company. Researchers will also find an article by Charles Morrow Wilson titled "Pioneers, 1937" in the pages from a September 5, 1937 issue of The Saturday Evening Post. This Letterbox also contains some other pages from published sources that were not added to the digital repository. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/8b4626560a64f8e77093501b5e09194e.pdf 0bae6a1b7bde47565c53460f53b7b136 PDF Text Text Loading Up the Freight Wagons Indians on Second Street, Casper, Coming to Town for Supplies—1892 �Wtiomincj S^ate (By Charles E. Winter) In the far and mighty west, Where the crimson sun seeks rest, There’s a growing, splendid state that lies above On the breast of this great land. Where the massive Rockies stand. There’s Wyoming, young and strong The state I love. CHORUS: Wyoming, Wyoming, Wyoming, Wyoming, Wyoming, Wyoming, Wyoming, Wyoming, land of the sunlight clear. land that we hold so dear. precious art thou and thine beloved state of mine. «*^.2 oless Gmeiica While the storm clouds gather Far across the sea Let us swear allegiance To a land that’s free. Let us all be grateful For a land so fair, " 'T' As we raise our voices . ' In a solemn prayer— CHORUS: God bless America, Land that I love. Stand beside her and guide her Thru the night with a light from above; From the mountains, to the prairies. To the oceans white with foam, God bless America My home sweet home. �How to Pronounce Names of Places on the Battle Front Gerald L. Schcyler General agency 1068 Gas g. Electric Elec. Denver, Colorado �COMPLIMENTS OF Ah-sy Acy . Ain-yee Aigny Ain Aisne Agincourt ........ Ahl-bair Albert .. Alincourt ............................................................... Ah-lan-ko ............................................. Om-bon-nay Ambonnay Om-bree Ambrief ... .................................. Ah-me-ang Amiens ... ..................................... ............................................................. On-se-on«veel Ancienville ..................................................................................... Ank'r Ancre Antilly ..................................................................................... Ahn-tee ..................... Ar-see Arcy Ar-mon-te-air Armentieres Arras Ar-rass, or Ar-rah Artois ............................................................... Ar-twah Arvillers Ar-vil-lair Assainvillers As-sain-vil-lair Atbis Ah-tee Aure Ore Auteuil 0-tur-yee AvaQon ...............................................................Ah-vah-song Avesnes Ah-vain Avize Ah-veez Ay I Azy Ah-zee Basel Baume Beaune Bellot Besangon Bethune Billy Blanzy . Blerancourdelle Bligny Bouchoir BoufFioulx .... Bouillon Boulogne .... Bourgoin Bourgogne .... Bourre Bray Brenne .................................... Bai-zy (Flemish) Borne Bone Bel-lo .......................................................... Bay-zahn-song ..................................................................... Bay-tune ............................................................................... Bee ..................................................................Blahn-zee Blay-ran-koor-del ................................................................. Bleen-yee ............................................................... Boo-shwah ................................................................ Boof-fee-oo .....................................................................Boo-yong ..................................................................... Boo-lone . ................................................................. Boor-gwon Boor-gone ............................... ................... Boor ............................................................................. Bray Brenn .......................................................... This Company Paid San Francisco �CALIFORNIA INSURANC] HOME OFFICE, 550 SACRAMENTO STREE^ Srie .... .....................................................Bree Brienne .................................................Bree-enn Bruyeres ................................................................................. Bru-yair Bruz ... ... 1................................... Bruze Bucquoy ..................................................................................Bu’kwah ......................................................... Buse-song Bussang Buzancy . ........................................... Bu-zahn-see Caix ............ ............ C&7 Cambrai . ................................. Cahm-bray Chantelle ... 1., .................................................................... Shan-tell ....................................... Shan-tay-nay Chantenay .... Chantilly ............................................................... Shan-tee-yee Charleville .... .................................... Shar-luh-veel Chateau-Thieiry Sha-to-tee-air-ree Chateauroux ... .................................................................. Sha-to-roo ....................................................................... Shah-tel Chatel Chaudefontaine ........ Shoad-fon-tain Chaulnes . .......................................................................... Shone Chipilly ....................................................................... Shee-pee Coligny .................................................................Ko-leen-yee Combles ...........................................................................Combi Commercy .... ............................................................ Kom-mehr-see .............................................................. Eom-pee-ain Compiegne Conde ....................................................................... Kon-day Congy .................................................................... Kon-zhee Consenvoye .... ............................................................. Kon-son-vwah Corbie ............... ;............................................ Cor-bee Cornet-Malo Cor-nay-mah-lo Craonne ...... ...................................................................... Krah-on Crecy ................................................................... Kray-see Dijon ................................................................................. Dee-zhon Dompierre Dom-pee-air Dompremy Dom-pray-mee Douai ... .................................. Doo-ay Doullens Dool-long Epernay Epinal Ay-pair-nay Ay-pee-nal Fere-en-Tardenoi» .. .................................... Fair-on-tar-den-nwah Fismette ................. :.......................................... Fee-met Fontenoy ............. :.................................. Fon-ten-nwah Fresnes ..........., ............................... Frayne Fresnoy-en-Chanu^e .... ................. Fray-nwah-on-show-say mflagration Net Losses, $1,845,000.00- �: COMPANY OF SAN FRANCISCO Fresnoy-le-Grand Fray-nwa-luh-grahn Gironville ......... ....................................................... ... Givet ....... . ...................................................... Zhee-vay Givry .............. . ................................................ Zhee-vree Grammont ..... ..................................Gram-mon Guise ................... • • ................ Geez Ham ............. Hahm Haramont ............ ... Ar-rah-mon Harbonnieres .... Ar-bon-nee-air Hartennes-et-Tanx .. Ar-ten-eh-to Hautevesnes .......... Ote-vain Herpont ......... Ehr-pon Hurlus ................... ................ Ur-lu lale-sur-Suippea Y-leh-sur-s weep Ivors ................. ................. Y-vore Jalons .............................. Zyah-lon Janvry ......................... Zyahn-vree Jaulgonne ................ ................................ Zho-gon J onchery-sur-Suippes Zhon-shay-ree-sur-sweep Langi ?s ... ....................................... Lon-gr Laon Lah-ou Lassigny .., ............................... .................................................................... ... Le Catelet . Luh-kat-lay Le Fretoy .. ........................................ Luh Fret-twah Le Quesnel . ............................................................. Le Tronquoy ...................................................................... Luh Kes-ne Luh Tron-Kwah Lens ............ Longwy .... ................................................................................... Lons Louvain .... ...........................................................................Long-vee .................................. Loo-vane Louveignd Loo-veen-yay Louers ........ ............................................................................... Loo-ay Luce ................................ Luce Lucon .............. ................................................................. Lu-son Lys ................................................................................. Leese Mailly ........................................................................May-ye Malines ......................................................... Mah-leeu Marie-auz-Mines ... -ree-o-meen Marseilles Maubeuge ......... ............................................................. Mar-say-yuh Meaux ............... ................................................................... Mo-burge .................................. Mo Merville ........... .....'. ........................Mair-veel )ne Hundred Cents on the Dollar �Meuse ................................................................................... Murze Mezieres ................... May«ze-air Mons .................................................................................... Mons Montdidier Mong-dee-de-ay Montmirail ............................ Mon-mee-ri-ee Montron ... .......................................................... Mon-tron Morangis Mo-ron-zhee Moreuil ........................................................ Mo-ruh-yee Morlancourt Mor-long-koor Mouilly . -Moo-yee Mouron • ........................................................................... Moo-ron Muizon ... ...................................... Mwe-zon Muret ................................................................................ Mu-ray Mutigny .. .................................. Mu-teen-yee Nesle Nancy Nanteuil Neuf chateau ... Nivelles Nogent-le-Ketrou Nomeny Noyon Oeuilly Oigny Oise .. Ourcq Ourthe TTh-ee Wahn-yee .................................................................................. Wahz ........................................... Oork Oort Facaut Pargny Peronne Petit-Croix .... Petit-Morin .. Pieronne Plessier Pont-a-Mousson Priez Proyart Prunay Quatre-Bras Hamillies .. Raon-l’Etape Remirremont Revigny ... Rbeims . ... Rocroi Roisel Romilly .... Rosiere Roubaix .... ................... Nail ...................................................................Nahn-see ................................................... Nahn-tuh-ee .............................................................. Nuh-sha-to . ................................................................... Nee-vell No-zhahn-luh-ret-troo ............................................................No-may-nee ................................................................ Nwah-yon ........................................................................ Pah-co ................... Parn-yee ...................................................................... Pay-ron ..........................................................Pet-tee-krwah .......................................................Pet-tee-mo-ran .................................................................... Pay-ronn .............................................................. Pless-see-ay Pont-ta-moo-son ......................................................................Pree-eh ............................................................... Prwah-yar ...................................................................... Pru-nay Kat’r-brah ................................................................... Rah-mee-yee Rah-own-lay-tap .................... Rem-meer-mon ................................................................... Rev-veen-yee .............................................................................. Rance ......................................................................... Rokr-wah ........................................................................ Rwah-zel .................................................................... Ro-mee-yee Ro-zee-air ....................................................... ........................................................................... Roo-bay �Roye Rozieres Rozoy-Bellevalle Rozet-St. Albin Ruasy Rozainvillers .. ......................................................................... Rwab ..................................... Ro-zee-air Ro-zwah-bell-vall Ro-zay-san-tal-ban .................. Ru-sy 4............................... Ro-zain-vil-lair Sacy . .............Sab-see Sancy .............. Son-see Sault-St. Remy So-san-ray-mee Savigrny ...................................................... . .Sab-veen-yee Sedan ............Seh-don Sezanne ........... Say-zan Soissons .. ............................................. Swab-son Somme . ... .............. Som Sonilly ........ Son-ee-yee Sonplets ......... Son-play St. Blaise .............................................................. ........ San-blaze Ste. Cecile ...................................................... .. Sant-say-seel St. Die .......................................... ... .San-dee-ay St. Mihiel ................................................ ... San-mee-yel St. Pol ...................................................... .......... Sang'pol St. Quentin ................................. ... San-kon-tan Tagnon ............Tan-yon Termes ........................................................ Term Thionville ........................... .. .Tee-yon-veel Thory ....................................................... Tore-ee Tirlemont .\ ....... Teerl-mon Tongres ................. Tong’r Tournai ...................................................... . ■........... Toor-nay Tournant ........................... ........ Toor-nahn Treves ................................. ; ..................Trayv Trois-Vierges Trwab-vee-erzh Unchair ............ Ung-shair Ussy .................................................................................................. Vadenay ............... Vab-den-neb Vailly .. ......................................................... Va-yee Versailles ..........................Vair-si-yee Verviers Vair-vee-ay Vervins . ................................................................................... Vair-van Vesle ............................................... Vail Vise ............................................................Vee-zay Vitry-le-Frangois ....’. Vee-tree-luh-fron-swab Vosges .............................................................. Vozb Vraux Vro Vregny Vrayn-yee Villers-aux-Erables Vil-lair-zo-ray-rabbi Villers-Bretonneux Vil-lair-bray-ton-nub Witry-les-Rheims Vee-tree-lay-rance �( ' I lz;3-.-^ /f/sr ; /T^yy--f- . \ /-'gr-T' /Ox,LxVUV-VVv£.*XZ^ -Uj^ A<i ~~^ 'A cc^ LA-h o-A hr _..,^l^,, ...,,.^_.,.>.,i.^.,-iXe^E^«»»«m^«ww»^ ' --- <;^-<-4(^w»«--=-^«b--^ �- QL'QL I,— 00 0 s ~ T - z. a* T - QQ‘O Q T aoNVTva aj.va loauuos aaH3ai5N03 39 -nim Jhnooov sihisavq sj-isoaaa naiNi aaiHOdaa si aoaaa on SMOaHO Ji ‘aoNO iv aNiwvxa asvaaa AiaivioaMMi NNva awi SMO3H3 ajiaon asvnd Aosutioo ion Alia 30 HXNOK SMaawo si ssanoav 3AOS¥3Hi ji S05 xoa dIHSXOAIAHnS do siaoiH mnd Hiia . AVfi 3 do/Gf^v usaxca r v eCGI AHVHNVP sikvnsi ‘ONIKOAjW‘HadSVJ HMSVD tIO qvKoixvx; okiwoaav ani jj«i030v 30 iNawaivxs ikiop 62 MVP j£i 9 T HVP 8£.2TNVP 39.0 T NVP g NVP aiva 3±va �3 (& 7'^^ t> ^)>UiA-6-^ ^ ' '\ J ^-^^A-'/<^ U 7 if Thz^c j /i^,»"ref^^ i)}. ,4,^ X 1/L.yf^^ /'^ avi'd) '>^ lyfy^ Off-t^rz^ . ----- ____ a, -rv X J"* 3>.<Ae �( {/JVrfh 11^ (S>-2. *«—32“^ �INVENTORY (Manusoripts* books and pamphlets.) October 31, 1936 * Holy Bible Ancient Egypt McCoy’s Egypt Susana and Sue * Calamity Jane | Soul of Parts Monroe Do Balzac Indian Odyssoy Cook’s Attainment of the North Polo More Power to You Pardners Goldsmith’s Poems T.’hittior’s Early Poems John Halifax Kate Mulhall Jaoob Hamblin Pioneering the West On the Face of the Waters Shakespeare’s Works The Old Timer’s Tale An Aray Boy of the Sixties Four Hundred Million Acres 2 @ 2.00 The Challenge to Liberty Over Land and Under Ground Frank Gouard Indian Fighter Eugene Field’s Works 12 © 2.00 Reminiscences of Chicago During the ’40’a. Inaugaural Addresses of Presidents Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard John Long’s Voyages Alexander Ross’ The Fur Himters of the Far West Alexander Ross’ Adventurers on the Oregon Josiah Gregg’s Comeroe of the Prairies Zebulon Pike’s Southwesteim Expedition Win. Louis Manly’s Death Valley in ’49 Memorable American Speeches - Secession, War, Reconstruction Kendall’s Texan Santa Fe Expedition Waubun The "Early Day" in the Horth-West McKenzie’s Voyage to the Pacific Ocean 1793 Narrative of the Adventures of Zenas Leonard Larpenteur’s Forty Years a Fur Trader Pattie’s Personal narrative Bidwell’s Echoes of the Past Steele’s In Camp and Cabin Kit Carson’s Autobiography 2.00 3.00 2.50 1.50 3.75 2.50 2.00 2.50 5.00 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.25 2.00 2.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 4.00 3,00 2,00 3,00 24.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5.00 5.00 �Cyclopedia end Diotionary 12 volumes 30.00 Teacher’s and Pupil’s Cyclopedia 4 @ 4.00 16.00 Our Times 4.00 Only Yesterday 4,00 Resouroes and Men of Mwitana---------------------------------------------------------- -------The Cambridge Modem History end Atlas 18*80 TIJyaaBing Compiles Statistics 12.50 The Adams’ Family 4.00 History ef the lMlted Statee (naaK^hewie) 8 velumee ' — ...lOyOeTrailing Goromimo 2.00 Darwin’s Decent of Man 3.00 Wine, Women and Song 1.00 Ths World of Just You and I (BillBarrow) 5.00 Meeker’s Busy Life of Eighty Years 2.00 Government of Teaming (Hebard) 2.00 Pathbreakers (Hebard) 2.00 Every Man a King (Huey Long) 1.25 Wild Fire (Zane Grey) 2.00 Madam Therese 2.00 The Blockade of Pahlsburg 2.00 Middleimaroh 1,50 That Printer of Udells 1.50 A New Philosophy of Life (Wemner) ,50 Popo’s Poems 2,00 Bancroft’s Works Vol, 25 5,00 Death on the Prairie 2*50 History of Natrona County XS@ 7,50 USr56 Longfellow’s Works 5,00 Gould’s History of Free Masonry Throughout the World 6 © 10,00 60,00 Mackey’s Encyclopedia of FreeMastmry 2 © 7,50 15.00 The Book ef History—18 © 8.00-----------------------------------The-Boek ef Baewledge—80 © 8.00------------------------------------------------*60.00 History Grand Chapter, R, A, M, Illinois (itesenle) 3,00 Grand Lodge of Washington (Masonic) 3.00 Histery ef Free Maeenry la Indiaaa------------------------------------------- 2.00 Mackey’s Principals of Mascaiio Law 3,00 The Maseaie Eeleetle - '—.. ... .... —......... .......... -....———............... —............ 8.00" dltstcrieal T.awdmarlfs ef Free Maseasy—8-© 4.60 ... . "OrOO’ -------- 2V8O Hletery ef Maseaie Initiatiea----------------------- -— 1.00 Ancient Craft .’<!as(mry in Vermont .1.50 Centennial Anniversary of Masons in Maine 2.50 Washington Grand Lodge History 2,50 Grand Lodge of Maine 2,50 Territorial Masonry 3.00 Nebraska Grand Lodge Masonry 2 @ 1*50 2.50 Intermountain Folk 1']^ K.OO Banditti of the Plains (Mercer) a typewritten copies © 6.00 r Histery ef the Jtesoaie flgand Lodge, of Iowa 8 © 4.00 ------- 3MO2,50 Centennial Gi*and Lodge of Masons in Kansas Centennial Grand Lodge ef Masons ta Delaware..... �History of Freimsonry In Illinois History of Frswnasqnry In Ohio—3 S 3,00---------------------------*■ History of King Ilirsm<o Lodge in Cosinootlswt 1783 to 1888 History of grand Lodge of rdaeone Bl atriot ^f-Oelumbia------Viyooilng Masonio Bulletin 1929»1931 -Hletei^ of Freenaaenry-ln Mguyland—8 — ----------------Hi atary ■ of ffreemaaonry. tn PeBnsyleania—3 @ 6,00--------------Poetical Works of Thessas Moore Soi*apbook8 }C|»000 pages 10 volumes (Indexed) Robert Stuairfc’s Dleoovery ot the Oregon Trail Maloom Campbell, Sheriff Trails Plowed Under (Russell) The Day of the Cattleman Nebraska State Historioal Soolei^ Publloatlons Saoajawea (Hebard) Washakie (llebard) fu\ ftlstory of Preeaasonry In wyeislgg—---------------Transition of the West % Caspar Collins (Wright-Spring) American Fur Trade of the Far West (Chittenden) 3 vols. Story of the Early Days in Wyoning Coutant’s History of ’'doming (with special index) Forty Years Among the Indians Our National Government (Mrs John A, Logan) Dictionary of Thoughts Mareus Wilson*s Aa^ioan History 1847______________________ The Crime of Cuba Porflrio Diaz Inumorable pamphlets (estimated @) War on the Rebellion - official records 8 @ 6*00 When Day is Done From Friend to Friend The Book of Mormon Deliveranoe The Weird Orient The Werld*B One Hundred Best Otesdee 10"e"w80'.... —.... -.. Menusorlpts of the Westwm Frtmtier Manuscripts of Bibliography of Alfred J. Mokler Western Historical Collections Half-tone outs for "Guardtena. of the Weatei^-FroHt3ber" Half-tone outs for "Transition of the West" Half-tone outs for History of Natrona flounty" Brass stamping die for "History of Natrona County" Brass Stamping die for "History of Freemasonry" Ealf-tcmes and die for "History of Freemasonry" Desk Standard dlotionary Total 1.50 -------------- 9*00 - ------------ 8^ -------------- 4<00 5.00 --------------- -g^iggr ------------ ifitoe 3,00 7*60 3.50 > 4.00 fl. 00 3*75 6*50 6*50 ----- a4»00 3.50 25*00 2*50 17*50 4*00 7*50 5*00 ------------ 12*50 4*00 5*00 20*00 10*00 1*00 1*00 1*00 1*00 1*50 300.00 150*00 50*00 66*00 87*00 353*00 26*50 18*50 659.00 2.50 �IHVaiTORY (Pumlture - November 1, 1936) 88888888088080808883s Section bookcases 9 © 2.50 22, One new- Royal- typewriter ---------------- ——------ lOOi Six chairs 20. Five desks 25. One filing and book cabinet 5, One gxm cabinet 7, One loose«*leaf ledger 10« Two Filing oabinets 12. One radio • Airline 20« Two brief eases 6« One gas heater 15« One desk set •> Shaeffer 14, One Shaeffer life tiaie pen 8, Fourteen pictures and frames © 2.50 35. Ono W-^wSnith typewriter (~pld.)1?oj a I One chandelier and lamps 10, One 8 X 12 rug 10, Ten letter files © ,50 5, Shades and curtains 6, Office supplies 15, Miscellanoous 25, Total � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 1-O Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1838 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Papers, NCA 01.v.1992.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Description An account of the resource This Letterbox contains some odds-and-ends which include a print of a couple of photographs, a copy of the Wyoming State Song, a pamplet on how to pronounce places on the battlefront, and some notes of Mokler's. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDG Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/68d15676a4713869ddc9a4f618f930d5.pdf 7886514df561cf45cd096078d7e163c8 PDF Text Text THIS CHANGING WORLD (By Alfred J. Mokler) Spread over the entire Northwest and part of the Southwest portion of the United States, and almost as mysterious as the mirages of the desert, are the remains of civ­ ilization that peers at us through the murky gloom of the past. Cradled in the desert, humanity and citizenship survived for centuries under such adverse conditions as no other people on earth were called upon to endure, and, in dying, gave unto the keeping of the desert its sacred relics. Today, wherever men trevel the wiste plf ces they ere «aBnfronteyv»ith thia evidence, shrouded in the dust of centuries, with desolation surrounding it. The prehistoric people of Western America, neglected through the ages, labored for love of home and land and gave to mankind priceless gifts that we, in the light of little understanding, perhaps have failed to appreciate fully. Just how many of the arte of civilization they gave to us is not known. Certainly they are the fath­ ers of irrigation, and it may well be that they gave to us the arts of pottery-making and weaving. Who these people were, science does not know. The Indians may be their descend­ ants, though these Indians, with the possible exception of the Pueblos and i.unis, are far removed. How far back into the past history of this ancient people extends^ science has not discovered. Geology and anthropology, working in harmony, ere agreed that it must have been very close to that time in life of mankind when the dawn of civiliza­ tion first showed through the darkness of savagery. Nearly 400 years ago, when the army of buncaneers under General Francisco de Coro­ nado moved up fran Mexico, bent on looting the rich cities reported to exist far to the north, they found, instead of stately municipalities, rich in gold and silver, only the remnants of this once powerful nace. Gone was their glory. Forgotten were their 1 airts except those necessary to supply mieager needs. Ko longer were there soldiers in the mighty battlements of stone that crowned the hillstops. Death or other lands had claimed all those who had traveled the highways of the homeland and left from sandled feet endless miles of trails worn deep in solid rock. These trails today stand unchal- Z31dest lenged as the world's/highways. �The oenturiee of time and the numberlesE feet that went into the making of these trails oan be appreciated only when we stop to consider that our own modern sidewalks, on the busiest streets of our oities; resist the tread of millions of feet, year after year, with no appreciable wear. Then do these ancient trails, some of them worn almost knee-deep in solid granite, and inches deep in carboniferous lime, as impervious to wear as cement, speak to us of antiquity that staggers the imagination. It is unfortunate that until almost the last 20 or 30 years this wealth of historic and roraantic material was neglected. Men, more interested in loot than in truth, have / n fo sailed away^the the Valley of the Nile to rifle the tombs of the Pharaohs. During the past several decades, however, an increasing number of students in the "science of man" have answered the oall to our own Great Northwest with the result that startling new discoveries have been made. Some of these discoveries compel the re-writing of the history of mankind. Tourists, traveling westward, find a land of roamnce, where the trails of today, winding through painted desert and purple sage, blend into the trails of long ago that lead us back to the time when mankind wore the swadling clothes of eivilizetion. As we follow these ancient trails across the desert space to some lonely canyon and come to an anoient home, perched, overhenging cliff, like an eagle's nest, high up under some let us sit in the doorway that looks out over the endless waste and speculate on the courage of those who, barehanded, wrested a livelihood from this un­ friendly land. Even if we do not know their names, or whence they came, we do know much of their history. Fran sand-strewn desert floor to terraced hill and from cavern shelter to great buildings of stone in Colorado, Arizona, Nevada, Wyoming, and other western states, there are numerous groups of rooms which once sheltered the anoient people. It was these people, struggling to maintain their homes in a land where climatic changes briught endless drought, that gave to the world the art of irrigation, and made it possible for us, their heirs, to reclaim for agriculture these very lends that have lain fallow through the centuries. No more dramatic chapter is recorded in the annals of man than that of these an­ cient people who, for love of home, lifted themselves fran savagery into the light of civilization that freed the race from the misery of famine that stalks where water �Science has proved from the presence of prehistoric lakes end the fossil remains of plant and animal life that at one time in mary pieces of 'Wyoming and other western states that this was a land of plenty. It was here that a primitive people basked in the warmth of a benevolent climate, and, with little effort, gathered from vine and tree, sufficient food for the day, with no thought of the morrow. There came, however, in the lives of these primitives a time when the warm, moist­ ure-laden winds from the Pacific no longer found their way inland with the regularity that had marked the centuries before. One of those climatic changes in the life of the «arth that so baffle the students of nature was taking place, reducing to a desert waste a country ftir larger than all of Europe, and rendering destitute millions of prosperous people. The security of their old life was taken from them, not in one devastating cat­ astrophe, but by the slow attrition of time that stretched into ages, keeping alive the flickering flame of huj^ian hope. Year after year saw a diminishing rainfall. Finally, no longer did grass grow in the open places or water course through the channels that once jwui full. Animal life gradually disappeared—dead or migrated to greener fields. Only the deer and mountain sheep remained. With the exception of these two hardy animals, marijvas alone in his des­ olation. Loving his land with that fervor known only to primitive mtn, he stayed on. Loath to leave it for the terrors of unknown places, he exerted every effort to sustain himself. Ko longer able to gather his food from forest or stream, he stored water behind crude dams and planted his seeds and nursed them to maturity from his precious store. Thus he gave to the world the art of irrigation, and in so doing learned that ”in the sweat of thy face shall ye eat your bread? It could well be that it was here in our own land of Wyoming that Old Mother Nature geve to mankind its first lesson in the art of self-support. The ebb and flow of humanity over the habitable portions of the earth through the countless ages of human existence, and the inevitable exchange of arts and companying this movement, cuetrans ac­ imposes a Herculean task on that branch o;J^cience whose busi­ ness it is to classify and credit to the different races their contributions to civilis­ ation. Never has this task been approached with minds as alert to the truth as it is at the present time, when science is seeking evidence for the sake of truth rather than the hope of perpetuating tradition. �js Science^persuaded from the study of ample evidence that men did have a humble beginning, and that he did not spring from the earth fully armed, ready to fight the battles of life. It ia for this reason that scholars are ignoring greet ancient culture and seeking among the lov/ly home of the most primitive people the clew that shall event* ually lead to the exact spot where man started on his long, slow, upward journey to his present development. So long have we been eduo ted to stand in awe before the greet age of such coxintries as Egypt, Asia Minor, and China, while our own evidence of antiquity reamined unpublished, that it may come as a surprise to seme people to learn that origin of the Chinese picture-writing, accredited the world’s oldest written language, did not have its wonderful beginning in Asia, but in our own far vzest. Long before the riign of Fu-Hi, first emperor of China, more than 2,800 years before Christ, the people of our own America were carving on imperishable stone the history of their own lives, using characters that are proven to be parent to the language of the whole world, We have abeolute and positive proof of the existence of a race of people in the Muddy and Virgin River Valleys, near whet is now beint Thomas, fcievuda,(9,000 years be­ fore Christ. The "Lost City of the Pueblo Grande," which for four years, beginning in 1830, was excavated by end under the direction of the Museum of the American Indian of Kew York City, The ruins that were restored to light at that place were proren to have been the largest prehistoric settlement ever found on the western hemisphere, Europe was citiless then. Culture had not even found its way into the barbaric coun­ tries to the north of the Italian peninsula, end Christianity was unheard of at time the Ancient the of Hevada were worshiping the sun, shaping graceful urns, Em­ bellished with colored geometric designs, weaving rugs of feathers, wool and fur, cul­ tivating corn and squash, spinning threads of silk, msde from a then common desert shrub. They were wearing tunics, after the fashion of early Greece, living in orderly, well-planned cities, end writing history. The anthjropologists and acbheologists in charge of the excavat'on work, with whom I had some correspondence, say that the "Lost City" wet, eight miles in width and miles in length. When we take into consideration that Casper, 55 a city of about 20,CXX) population, is less than thiree miles square, we can mofc fully realise what a large �city thie “Pueblo Grande" must have been. In unearthing this ancient metropolis, strata upon strata were found, denoting a certain well-defined period in the ancient civili­ sation of America, The vanished race was identified as the Pueblo Indians, giants in stattiire, the many skeletons which were found measuring more than seven feet in height. Not only were the Pu^jIqs large in stature, but the well-established houses, with their dosens of rooms, the corrugated and painted pottery, the carved shell jewelry, the fine furnishings of their dwellings, the txxrquoise end other precious atones, their intric­ ately carved altars of stone, the weaving of silks, the cultivating of corn and veget­ ables, all would indicate that they were a race of intelligent and industrious people. The planning of the city, with its large buildings encircling a common center, with a ceremonial fire-place in the center, would show that the prehistoric Pueblo;; were wor­ shipers of a god—probably sun worshipers, and that they had a knowledge of astrony. But another matter of no small interest concerning this ancient city and its people is the fact that some distance to the north of the main thoroughfare of the city there was unearthed three immenoe triangles, laid out, themselves in a triangle, end among numerous rock-writings that were found there were many understandable picture-writ- sniong which were geometric designs of squsrey, triangles, ings spirals end oir0 U.S fillet cles, all of which were depicted by these Indians 5oime. years ago. The archeologists claim that these rock-writings show the characteristics of five distinct knovm races: The Maya, Toltec, Chinese, Egyptian and Pueblo. yaiat became of these people is a mystery. Like the pygmy cliff dwellers of the south, they vanished. One theory explaining their extinction, according to the scien - tists, is the progressivey^up of the country. The inhabitants could no longer got suf­ ficient water tc raise their crops, and they perished; the winds of the desert eroded their dwellings, weeds grew in their gardens, temples caved in, and the relentless desert sand drifted in and covered the whole city, buiying all evidence of a once great race, and keeping the secret locked in the depths for centuries. Such were the ravages of time end the elements. But even if we do not know whence these people came, wo have learned much of their history from the rook-writings and their unearthed dwellings, where, 900 rooms were grouped under one roof.... in one instance, �The "Cliff Dwellers" is a term applied to designate the houses in the cliffs of the arid jregion which were occupied by a race of Indians now extincfefe The plateau country of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah abounds in natural recesses and shallow cav­ erns weathered in the feces of the cliffs, not from choice, but because of the en­ croachment of war-like tribes, who were non-agricultural, and having no established place of abode. Many of these cliff sites were near streems and fields, and were occu­ pied because they afforded shelter and were natural dwelling places. The area in which the cliff-dwellings occur is practically co-extensive with that in which ere now found traces of town buildings and relics attributable to the Pueblo tribes. The most noteworthy of these groups of built cv.ellings are found in the canyons of the Mesa Verde in Colorado. Many of these places of abode are capable of accommodat­ not merely single households, but communities of considerable size. ing shelters the buildings are much diversified in plan end elevation, MmH, In the larger owing to irreg­ ularities in the conformation of the floor and walls. The first floor was the rock sur­ face, or, if that was uneven, of ol^ or flagstones, and the upper floors were constructed of polesj^et in the masonry, after projecting through the walls and overlaid with similar poles and willows, fin5.8hed above with adobe cement. The doonvays were small and SQarith. The lintels were stone slabs, or consisted of e number of sticks or small timbers. Win­ dows, or outlook aperatures, were numerous fnd generally small. The antiquity of the cliff-dwellings can only be surmised. That many of th^jwere occupied in comparatively recent times is apparent from their excellent state of pres ervation, but their greet numbers and the extent of the work aoocxaplislied suggest very considerable antiquity. Just when the occupancy of the cliffs began, whether 500 or 5,000 years ego, must remain a question. Some archeologists have reported the occurennce of ancient stone houses overwhelmed end destroyed by flows of leva, and have inferred greet age from this. Intimately associated with these cliff-dwellings, and situated in the plateaus immediately above or at the base of the cliffs below, are ruins of pueblos in every way identical with the pueblos in the open country. « ♦ • Now, during the remainder of my time let us glimpse of prehistoric Wyoming, as has been made by discoveries by reputable scientists: The rem ins of reptilian, fish, mamal and plant life alike are preserved in geolog- �Icel fonnt'tions that hold no rival for palentological research, end they are so recog­ nised by authorities. In southern and southeRstern Wyoming dinosaur graveyards have given up hundreds of specimens. Among recent discoveries v.as the five-toed horse which roamed in that part of the country known as the Big Horn Basifc country a hundred million years ago. Near Chugwater, in the southeastern area, a fossil camel was uncovered. It was found intact in river deposited sands end was removed to the Wyoming University. In the Jackson Hole country there was found a fossil member of the deer family, said to have been exposed to erosion of the shale in which it was embedded. The fish beds of southeastern ’joining are distinctive, the town of Fossil taking its nsme from the deposit. Here are found many remains of marine life, including fish, snakes and birds. Coming down to petrified forests, those of the Yellowstone National Perk are the most f&moue of the area, although another exists about seventy miles south of Casper, off the road to Medicine Bow, w’here the trunks of trees litter a large area. The petrified trees of the Yellov/stone are of different species than those which are growing there today. They include a broad-leaved species, including leural, sycamore end oak. In some places ,, scientists have distinguished a succession of forests, twelve in number, and one abOHe the other, representing as many repititions of the volcanic process that petrified them oyer a period covering many thousands of years, hhen one forest grew it was covered and petrified, then another grew above until it was also covered and petrified.... Independence Pock, covering an area of twenty-five acres, west from Casper, fiyv. fifty-three miles south­ is said by geologists to have ccme down to its present location, in a great sheet of ice about 200,000 years ago. Its formation is different from the other rooks in that immediate vicinity which came down in the several glacial periods. Iftriae of the same character may be seen at the end of the Pathfinder dam. This old rock is an rich b'l si of 14.0.1 ii-iie.res't outstanding landmark of the Oregon Trail daysj^as well as being of prehistoric signif­ icance. Up to the present time we have been dealing with conditions as they existed from 2,000 to 200,000 years ago. Now let us go back to about 150,000,000 years ego, when that part of the covmtry known as Wyoming was inhabited by dinosaurs, a Miocene genus of elephant-like mammals. Or, in plain English language, a huge, slab-sided creature, weighing from fifteen to twenty tons, and measuring frcsn fifty to sixty feet in length. �- 8 They hed whip—like necks, 6% the end of which web a ridiculously small Bead, containing a small brain. They floated, swam end fed in the waters with unhurried languor, end were sluggish, cold-blooded creatures. The olimte Vv^as tropical. The country was a flat land, rich in vegetation, and dotted by countless shallow lakes, swamps and rivers. Pines, bananas and figs covered the uplands. Thick, heavy grass grew along the banks, and rank vegetation thrived in o r Soj the TOters. After a million yearsMother Nature slowly changed the setting of the stage The lakes dried up, and the swamps vanished. The naKjHlw» dinosaurs become more and more concentrated as they were pushed together in huge herds by the drying-up process. They were water animals, and the disappearance of water was their death sentence. They could not migrate becadse of their great bulk. Some starved to death, others were stranded in the mire, while others in their frenzied rush to escape destruction, struggled to solid land only to be killed by the fleeh-eating monsters that skulked around the pools lived high for a time on the remains of the hapless sauropod.. .. Thus Jd presented^ only a glimpse of looming and the Great Northwest country, which is borne out by discoveries of petrified skeletons in all parts of the country. The remains of reptilian, fish, mamal and plant life are also preserved in geological for­ ever metions, that hold no rival for paleontological research in this^Changing World. �-------------------- --------------------------------------- 5TATE OF WYOMING Agricultural mb tndiislridl Production M Miscellaneous Statistical Report This compilation is a revision of statistical reports on Wyo. ming previously released under a project developed by Governor Hunt when Secretary of State. The original and subsequent reports met with such favor and the demand for them was so large that we have prepared this up-to-date pamphlet .as a continuation of this service to the State. Additional copies are available at the Governor’s Office. �COUNTY General Election Vote 1946 Passenger and Truck Registration 1946 Miles State Highway Area Square Miles County Seat Elevation Taxable Valuation 1947 Tons of Coal 1946 Barrels of OU 1946 Albany 7 4,450 5 5,955 7 218 8 4,399 2 7,165 5 $ 25,587,516 Big Horn 8 3,784 10 4,021 4 239 12 3,110 22 3,870 10 $ 17,192,086 12 369 Campbell 15 1,988 18 1,871 8 216 7 4,761 17 4,544 16 $ 10,497,307 5 179,455 Carbon 5 4,834 8 5,051 2 333 3 8,007 4 6,755 4 $ 33,736,752 3 1,080,479 8 1,835,293 Converse 14 2,300 13 2,231 17 137 11 4,133 13 4,815 13 $ 14,106,124 7 14,034 9 520,103 Crook 18 1,811 21 1,641 12 171 13 2,866 14 4,750 $ Tremont 6 4,637 6 5,085 1 373 2 9,225 9 5,357 8 $ 19,479,591 Goshen 11 3,168 9 4,788 15 150 20 2,186 20 4,104 9 $ 18,614,939 Hot Springs 19 1,729 20 1,796 22 89 23 2,025 19 4,326 $ 17 9,434,259 6 73,413 Johnson 17 1,847 19 1,831 13 170 10 4,164 16 4,645 $ 18 7,878,419 9 5,856 Laramie 1 11,617 1 14,192 11 183 15 2,678 8 6,062 2 $ 39,238,835 Lincoln 10 3,364 12 2,673 5 239 9 4,227 3 6,927 14 $ 13,648,217 Natrona 2 8,417 2 9,816 6 220 4 5,322 10 5,123 3 $ 37,815,593 Niobrara 21 1,545 16 1,954 16 140 16 2,664 12 5,015 12 $ 14,541,234 3 4,731,245 Park 9 3,605 7 5,073 9 200 5 5,175 11 5,018 6 $ 25,215,294 1 10,347,334 Platte 13 2,482 11 2,917 18 137 21 2,125' 15 4,733 15 $ 13,544,935 Sheridan 4 5,867 3 7,011 10 187 17 2,574 23 3,745 7 $ 23,734,139 Sublette 22 1,044 23 969 14 166 6 4,959 1 7,175 $ Sweetwater 3 7,512 4 6,647 3 316 1 10,495 6 6,271 1 $ 47,841,436 Teton 23 830 22 1,030 21 109 14 2,795 7 6,209 $ Uinta 12 2,635 14 2,181 20 120 22 2,094 5 6,748 11 $ 15,963,669 Washakie 16 1,918 15 2,043 23 86 19 2,241 21 4,061 $ Weston 20 1,702 17 1,930 19 127 18 2,403 18 4,334 $ 83,086 92,706 4,326 94,628 Total 11 283,624 5 3,538,118 21 6,935,535 8 7,806 4 4,003,138 6 2,722,405 General School Aid 1946 School Equalization 1946 17 3,988 5 $ 17,900 2 $ 47,732 12 $ 10,720 9 $ 13,603 $ 11 $ 12,016 4 $ 20,328 $ 13 9,050 19 3,405 $ 17 5,062 5 $ 31,565 $ 16 5,360 3 $ 47,193 $ 15 8,110 1 $ 59,286 11 $ 10,848 $ $ 22 947 $ 22 1,462 $ 20 2,354 $ 23 487 15 14,385 10 $ 13,164 1 $ 45,911 4 389,934 13 86,165 7 $ 24,684 7 $ 15,369 11 388 2 4,947,223 2 1,330,954 22 5,720,559 10 358,758 1 4,538,617 7 2,308,459 2 $ 39,518 4 $ 32,239 $ 19 2,924 16 5,730 8 $ 14,911 13 $ 10,580 9 $ 13,297 8 $ 20,658 3 $23,797 $ 12 $ 10,581 $ 21 1,868 $ 15 6,962 6 $ 16,547 $ 14 9,096 $ 16 5,607 $ 18 3,713 10 $ 11,346 20 7,414,436 14 15,775 $ 21 1,759 $ 14 8,479 19 7,783,903 12 129,617 6 $ 25,958 $ 18 3,968 35,847,249 $387,213 $289,455 23 3,308,814 $419,233,592 13 99 10 2,564 7,623,968 20 2,193 �lame & Fish Fees 1946 AU OatUe Preliminary 1-1-47 Stock Sheep Preliminary 1-1-47 Hogs & Pigs Preliminary 1-1-47 Dairy Gattie Preliminary 1-1-47 Horses Mules Preliminary Preliminary 1-1-47 1-1-47 Tons Sugar Beets 1946 Crop Tons AU Hay 1946 Crop Bushels AU Wheat 1946 Crop Bushels of Oats 1946 Crop 7 67,400 23 1,500 9*? . 10,500 8 65,400 13 54,500 1 504,300 5 $ 40,005 10 55,300 13 70,000 20 600 11 1,900 8 4,700 9 60 15 $ 12,897 17 28,300 10 80,000 3 6,400 5 5,400 12 4,000 16 10 > 11,339 1 80,600 8 113,000 11 2,800 22 500 6 5,400 17 10 15 36,500 5 514,000 5 354,200 7 5 34,942 6 59,400 1 308,000 18 700 12 1,900 3 6,600 3 90 1 99,500 11 62,100 16 86,400 19 1 9,987 4 61,300 5 152,000 12 1,700 14 1,500 9 4,600 11 40 12 46,400 14 53,400 15 98,400 1 20 9,697 7 59,400 17 58,000 7 5,400 8 3,200 7 5,200 8 60 11 50,800 4 608,500 6 353,800 3 5 41,183 12 49,100 6 133,000 6 6,000 2 6,900 1 7,300 6 70 7 20,236 4 85,900 8 103,600 3 484,200 15,369 5 60,400 18 51,000 2 8,300 3 6,000 11 4,200 1 140 1 171,079 9 55,500 1 1,337,200 7 270,000 I 99 II 6,569 18 26,000 19 51,000 14 1,300 17 1,200 21 2,400 14 20 11 1,228 20 28,400 16 16,200 19 72,000 i (114,040 8 58,500 4 165,000 8 3,500 15 1,500 10 4,500 18 10 12 1,172 13 41,700 9 80,100 13 129,700 1 89,916 9 57,400 14 63,000 1 8,700 4J00 13 4,000 13 30 8 9,802 17 35,200 2 925,100 2 487,500 1 9 1} 30,791 19 24,600 7 116,000 10 3,000 1 7,200 14 3,700 15 20 2 97,600 15 51,000 14 100,800 4 $ 40,858 16 36,700 2 295,000 23 300 23 500 15 3,700 5 80 21 21,100 22 3,000 22 21,000 9^ fl 2,474 11 50,600 11 76,000 16 900 16 1,400 16 3,300 20 10 19 29,600 12 56,100 9 189,000 6 138,073 15 41,500 15 62,000 5 6,200 6 4,600 5 5,600 2 120 6 20,364 6 69,700 10 72,300 4 418,600 16 fl 11,791 14 44,200 21 31,000 9 3,300 10 2,800 17 3,100 7 70 4 36,921 14 40,800 3 849,900 10 183,600 J 8 ^| 34,252 2 70,300 20 47,000 4 6,400 4 • 5,600 4 5,800 10 40 5 24,619 5 80,400 6 407,300 8 ( 259,200 11 122,521 3 67,800 16 62,000 21 400 21 600 2 6,900 12 30 3 95,600 20 4,200 21 23,200 10 =126,630 23 8,100 3 234,000 17 800 18 900 19 2,500 23 16,700 21 3,100 17 78,000 2 -} 83,673 22 14,100 23 6,000 22 300 20 700 23 1,400 16 35,300 19 10,300 18 72,600 13 114,045 20 21,600 12 76,000 19 600 9 3,100 20 2,500 19 10 10 53,400 18 11,500 20 30,800 18 =110,601 21 21,000 9 92,000 15 1,000 13 1,700 22 2,000 4 80 3 58,679 18 35,100 17 15,500 12 133,200 ; 21 ^1 9,608 13 46,800 22 29,000 13 1,400 19 800 18 2,600 10 1,333 22 18,000 7 247,600 11 153,000 ■1611,269 1,043,000 2,370,000 70,000 64,000 96,000 420,363 1,206,000 5,488,000 4,514,000 i 1,000 2 72,592 9 2,338 �Bushels of Barley 946 Crop Bushels of Corn 1946 Crop 23 6,000 Bushels of Potatoes 1946 Crop 100 Ib. Bags Edible Beans 1946 Crop 21 3,500 Bushels of Rye 1946 Crop Sales & Use Tax Collections 10-1-46 to 9-30-47 Population County Assess­ ors Estimate 1947 6 $ 11,793,806 6 $ 315,072 6 16,000 5 $ 13,726,638 17 240 10 $ 162,302 10 12,928* $ 12 6,190,520 $ 10 5,771,936 $ 17 5,022,074 $ 16 3,532,280 11 24,500 12 18,000 12 Lll,000 4 148,500 18 7,700 5 4,380 $ 17 75,925 17 6,100 16 9,900 10 1,800 7 $ 248,249 9 14,500 15 58,000 Total Non-Bank Savings Bonds October, 1947 18 140 4 348,300 2 340,800 Total Bank Deposits October, 1947 6 $ 12,008,797 5 $ 12,988,066 16 58,000 8 32,400 7 37,000 9 2,400 6 3,900 $ 15 84,486 13 8,700 $ 13 5,796,585 $ 14 4,265,557 8 !37,500 6 52,700 14 13,300 13 400 4 5,270 $ 22 36,782 21 5,550 $ 19 3,299,547 $ 21 2,052,668 5 !75,200 7 44,200 3 360,400 4 210,000 16 500 8 $ 217,006 5 20,000 $ 9 8,434,805 $ 8 6,924,841 1 >53,600 3 158,400 1 1,196,800 3 271,900 3 13,600 g $ 170,029 7 16,000 $ 8 8,438,902 $ 11 5,001,474 11 20,800 15 6,200 15 11,200 8 4,400 19 120 $ 16 77,056 18 6,098 $ 20 3,219,326 $ 20 2,625,610 13 09,600 13 14,000 8 34,200 11 500 8 2,660 $ 20 63,644 19 5,995 $ 16 5,023,787 $ 15 3,745,330 9 36,500 1 322,300 2 432,300 6 14,400 2 21,500 2 $ 805,865 1 37,500 1 $ 35,220,248 19 7,300 11 1,500 13 $ 110,389 11 10,564 $ 13 1,400 1 $ 815,828 2 35,400 2 $ 32,613,704 19 67,040 16 6,400 $ 21 2,405,283 $ 19 2,832,198 2 64,600 14 5,767,472 1 $ 42,159,979 $ 9 5,830,214 22 9,000 16 3,500 22 2,200 18 35,100 10 30,600 10 22,300 12 500 1 29,140 6 51,300 14 10,500 4 165,600 1 367,100 15 660 4 $ 355,946 8 15,000 $ 7 9,905,430 $ 7 7,910,118 7 39,200 2 168,500 9 23,100 7 14,400 7 3,400 14 $ 110,002 12 8,854 $ 15 5,529,440 $ 13 4,385,848 3 57,200 12 21,400 6 50,400 10 700 12 1,450 5 $ 346,642 3 28,000 23 27,849 23 2,336 4 22,500 $ 21 13,000 23 2,000 20 31,500 11 19,300 3 $ 400,682 19 32,300 5 52,000 $ 14 62,000 17 9,600 10 25,400 9 31,500 13 14,400 17 54,900 5 ' 52,800 20 5,500 90,000 1,122,000 2,498,000 $ 6 77,500 1,305,000 21 54,568 4 $ 17,320,185 $ 23 1,416,642 3 $ 20,109,859 2 $ 28,056,458 4 $ 15,201,478 $ 23 1,413,976 3 $ 17,520,991 22 2,500* $ 22 2,323,693 $ 22 1,788,659 11 $ 113,113 15 7,471 $ 10 7,395,543 $ 12 4,783,363 14 840 12 $ 112,629 14 7,500 $ 11 6,799,856 $ 18 2,859,381 9 2,500 $ 18 69,305 20 5,650 $ 19 4,008,098 $ 17 3,110,099 95,000 $5,202,806* ♦Includes $362,397 col* lected out-state 301,546 *1940 Federal Census $221,976,434 $196,554,330 �* I CASPER TRIBUNE-HErIlD USTRIAL EDITION—1926 » PAGE 15 LD OREGON TRAIL HISTORY HOLDS LIVE INSPIRATION Historic Landmarks Included in Markings Authorized by State Carried Out in Late Years; Fort Caspar Site Made Park ueiit eerected near ScattsKebecca Burdick, who died on the old Oregon trail. lued from Page Fourteen.) the Trails. The commislad a number of granite made, to be set up on the ton Trail. Three of these were furnished to Natrona and the first one to be set erected alongside the Alcova tout eighteen miles southm Casper, in 1917. This site marker, which was selected toard of county commissionfrom twelve to fifteen miles from the Old Oregon Trail, was said to be near the Trail, passing from the iter country into the Bates Inuntry. In 1920, this marker ren up and moved by the tf county commissioners at tigation of the author, who sirous of having the marker per creek, where the Old Oregon Trail crosses the Yellowstone High­ way, and it was dedicated and un­ veiled in the forenoon of Jidy 5, 1920. In addition to this being a marker for the Old Trail, it also is a monument commemorating the death of Lieut. Caspar W. Collins, who was killed by the Indians in this vi­ cinity on July 26, 1865. The unveil­ ing and dedication services of this marker 'W’ere also conducted bjj' the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Prayer was offered by Rev. P. K. Edwards, and an address was made by John C. Friend of Rawlins, who was -a tele­ graph operator at Sweetwater sta-" tion in June, 1865, when the battle of Platte Bridge Station occurred and who was one of a party of thirty sent from that station to Platte Bridge to restring telegraph wires which the Indians had cut. After Mr. Friend’s address the marker was unveiled by Mrs. Tom Cooper, regent of the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and presented to the state in the name of Port Caspar chapter, the Oregon Trail Commis­ sion and Natrona County. Miss Hebard, who unveiled the marker at Independence Rofe the day before, was the principal speak­ er for this occasion. She vividly outlined the course of the Oregon Trail from Fort Laramie to the Platte Bridge Station, the name of this post later being changed to Fort Caspar; from this point she de­ scribed the course of the Trail to the Sweetwater and then westward to South Pass. She said the Indians con­ tested the white man’s progress as far as South Pass, and soldiers were stationed along the Trail at Laramie, Platte Bridge, Sweetwater Station and South Pass to protect travelers and keep up the telegraph lines. She presented an Interesting description of the old military post, first called “The Mormon Ferry,” then “Platte Bridge Station,” and later given the name of Fort Caspar, and then she Another of these markers had been presented a minute description of the It was taken to Independence Rock, fifty-five miles southwest of Casper, where it was set up in a cement base, and on July 4, 1920, it was ded­ icated and unveiled, the ceremonies being under the auspices of Fort ■Caspar Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, with Mrs. Byrant B. Brooks, state regent, pre­ siding, and Miss Grace Raymond Hebard, state historian for the chap­ ter and secretary of the Oregon Trail commission, unveiling the marker. Several hundred people were present at the ceremonies, many of whom were there to attend a special communication of the Ma­ sonic order which was held on top of the historic rock, commemorative of the first meeting of Freemasons, which was held in this territory, and which was opened and closed in form. The date of this meeting was July 4, 1862, and there were about twenty Masonic members present who were on their way to the "Ore­ gon Country” in emigrant trains, and they had stopped here to rest and refresh" themselves. The unveiling ceremonies of this marker were unostentatious, but nevertheless very impressive. At 11:30 a. m., the assemblage was call­ ed together and all bowed reverently and repeated the Lord’s Prayer. Then the national hymn, “America,” was sung in unison, and as the sol­ emn strains of the anthem rose up­ on the summer breeze, old echoes from this historic rock were awak­ ened to mingle in perfect cadence with the majestic measures. P. G. Burnett, of Fort Washakie, who made his first visit to this spot in 1865, addressed the assemblage, af­ ter which Miss Hebard removed the American flag from about the gran­ ite marker and in the name of the State of Wyoming presented it to the people as a permanent monu­ ment of the first highway from east to west that brought civilization to the great Oregon Country. accomplished, and on March 20, 1925, Mr, and Mrs. Thomas Mills executed a deed to the Natrona County Historical society for a tract of land 100 feet wide covering the approach of the old bridge and connecting with the land occupied by the old fort which was purchased by the city of Casper. It is the in­ tention, as soon as convenient, to have a replica of the old bridge constructed across the river, and the piers built on the same site that they were in 1858-9. When this is done it will give the people of Cas­ per a six mile circular drive to Mills, over the bridge, through the fort site, past the cits' pumping plant along the river, then connecting with the Alcova highway and back to Casper through the Standard ad­ dition, one of the most modern ad­ ditions to the city, where a great many beautiful residence have been erected. --------- e Other markers on the Old Trail In Natrona county are of stone slabs and boulders, as nature built them. A large boulder, weighing many tons, located at the Tom Sun ranch, in the Sweetwater country, near Devil’s Gate, has an appro­ priate description chiseled upon it, another on Independence Rock and another at Split Rock. At the lo­ cation of the “Three Crossings” stage and telegraph station, in Fre­ mont county, which was main­ tained by the government in the *60’s, chiseled on the face of a large gianite bluff is the inscription “Oregon and California Trail, 1843-9, 1914.” Fremont, Lincoln and Sub­ lette counties have erected a num­ ber of markers similar to those in Natrona county. There are nu­ merous other markers on the Old Trail in Wyoming, erected by the Erected on the site of old Fort Cas­ par on land to be made part of a memorial park. Oregon Trail commissioners, one of which is located on the boundary line of Nebraska and Wyoming. This monument is in an alfalfa field on the south side of the North Platte river, near the village of Henry, Neb. The Old Trail at this point has long since been abandoned and a new road established, and a “finder” or “lead” stone has been erected on the now main highway, and near the “finder” there is a gate in the fence surrounding the alfalfa field leading to the boundary marker. It was near this marker that Robert Stuart and his six com­ panions camped for several months (Continued on Pa.ge Twenty-two.) We Are Not Waiting for Business to Pick Up—We Are-Picking Up the Business! �as intended it should battle where Lfeutenaril* Carpar W. be. Casper, a short distance from Cas- Collins, with six of his men, were killed by the Indians and the massa­ cre of Sergeant Custard and his seventeen men, ExGovernor Bryant B, Brooks closed the services with a short address. In which he mentioned the heroism of Lieutenant Collin.s and the value of his life as an example, and while the speakers were painting word pictures of that long ago day, so vivid that the hearers could al­ most see the 3,000 Indian warriors skirting the skyline, modern travel­ ers in their automobiles with their tents and camp outfits strapped to the running boards swept by on the highway. ’S TO SERVE YOU OUR MOTTO IS QUALITY WORK ^ackardSix Packard Eight k the Man Who Owns One NOW SHOWING The Popular lUPMOBILE 6 and 8 WE INVITE YOUR INSPECTION E E. MANSFIELD, Inc South David St. Phone 346 Fifty-seven years after Its aban­ donment by the government and destruction by the Indians, and long-since obllterate'd by the sweep­ ing winds, the barren spot upon which Fort Caspar was located, the last marker furnished Natrona county by the Wyoming Oregon Trail commission, was erected by the county commissioners and the unveiling and dedication ceremonies of the monument were held under the auspices of the Lions club of Casper, assisted by the Rotary and Kiwanis clubs, the Charnber of Commerce and the Boy Scouts at 5 o’clock in the evening on October 1, 1924. Dr. M. C. Keith, president of the Lions club, presided at the ceremonies and Robert S. Ellison, president of the Chamber of Com­ merce, gave a history of the old fort and told of the part It had in the protection of the emigrants and described the battle of the small number of soldiers had with 3.000 Indians when Caspar W, Collins . and six of his men were killed and the massacre of the seventeen men with Sergeant Custard a few miles further to the west. William B. Cobb of the Kiwanis club followed Mr. Ellison with a short address, and at the conclusion of the cere-, monies a select detachment of the Boy Scouts, under the direction of Frank B. Taylor, removed! the American flag from the monument, while Mrs. Berta Smith san| the state song, “Wyoming.” ’ And thus the site of Port Cas­ par, after which the city of Casper, Casper mounta'in and Casper creek were named, wa.s definitely marked. It may be said in passing that after more than twenty-five years of effort on the part of a few citi­ zens of Casper to have the city of Casper acquire title to this tract of land, that It might be used for park and other public purposes, in the spring of 1925 the matter wa-s . We are not only a friend of the housewife but a friend of the entire family. Why? Because when services she is not tired and weary of the labors of wash day. She has a smile for every member of the family, and has more time to devote to the little ones. Even has a sm.ile for dad. Dad is a friend of ours because we do his full dress shirts and collars in a manner that pleases him. _ If you aie not familiar with our different services give us a call and we will have our representative call on you and explain Our Finish, Flat, Rough Dry, Dry Wash and Wet Wash Services We also have one-day special service. We use soft water only—and we employ nothing but the most efficient help and have the most modern and up-sto-date equipment. CDwALMCe TROY LAUNDRY CO. 326 NORTH DURBIN PHONES 1672—1673 Our Drivers Pass Your Door. �A ' jrarcFB TO , • - r, s 1 CASPER TRIBUNE-HERAW INDUSTRIAL EDITION^l DUDE RANCHING STILL IN INFANCY BUT IS GROWING .FAS Outdoor Recreation In Heart of Wilds Holds Many Thrills iT^OR sundry decades the, immigrant trains Inched westward to Cali­ fornia and Utah and Oregon and their bronzed pilots regarded Wyo­ ming merely as a segment of thoroughfare and never as a poten­ tial abode, with rich resources that demanded only diligence and persev­ erance for the reaping. When at last huddles of log buildings began to sprout in coulee and creek bot. tom as the nuclei of an empire of sheep and cattle, other decades I>assed before some Inquisitive soul chanced to probe beneath the sage­ brush af bunchgrass and unleashed J- the green-black reservoirs of power which lay couchant in subterranean sands. And the sequence of dis­ covery had not yet been exhausted. Only in the last few years has there been a consistent effort to cultivate and reap Wyoming's most magnifi­ cent crop of all—her scenery. Dude ranching, youngest and lust­ iest of Western industries, simmers down to just that—selling scenery. That term comprises, of course, a host of things—^fishing and hunt­ ing, camping, mastery of the rudi­ ments of horsemanship and wood­ craft—every novelty of outdoor life which yields a new thrill to jaded city appetites and warms asthmatic and swimming pools, select comI>any. For ruggeder tastes there are pack trips deep into the tene. brous recesses of primitive forests, sturdy fare prepared over an open fire, dreamless sleep beneath the stars," the thrill of undiscovered beauty waiting around every crook of the trail, the zest of conquest in outgaming mighty cutthroat of rain­ bow trout in their native waters. So in many parts of Wyoming ranches that found the fortunes of stockraising too hazardous and unprofi^ble have turned to farming the rich and inexhaustible and un­ profitable resources of natural beauty and the glamour which the mere word “West” conveys to East­ erners. The cowpuncher who found his profession slowly growing ob­ solete before the influx of nesters has become a dude wrangler. And if riding herd on tenderfeet is often fully as ticklish as valeting a bunch of temperamental “dogies,” the re­ wards are far more generous and certain. Industray in Infancy. Dude ranching had its inception and has reached its greatest perfec­ tion in three principal sections—• bling loghouse mothering a covey of cabins, a corail full of well broken saddle and pacTc horses, a staff of personable young men endowed at once with a knowledge of the .technique of outdoor life and a tolerant understanding of the idiosyncracies of men and women— given these three and you have a dude ranch. The raw materials are to be found almost anywhere in the state. And publicity is largely taken care of gratutlously by the movies and the horde of fiction writers who have Wyoming sym- Hayden Forest Turns To Livestock Grazing For, Major Revenues By JAMES BLACKHALL. Supervisor, Hayden National Forest he Hayden National Forest is situated in southern Wyoming. It lies along the continental divide, just north of the Colorado line, in Carbon county. A small portion of the forest (72,000 acres) on the Encampment and Big Creek water­ heads is In Jackson county, Colo­ rado. The waters of the west side of the forest drain into Little Snake river; the east side drains into the North Platte river. The forest has a gross area of 437,542 acres, and the elevation runs from 7,000 to 11,000 feet. It contains some beau­ tiful tracts of lodgepole pine and Englerqan spruce timber, but at the present time no timber 4a being cut except for local use, due to lack of Jackson Hole, a valley flanked on transportation facilities. one .side bv the maiestlc Tetons, on Grazing of live-stock et the nrea-' bolic with adventure and romance throughout the world. Highways Are Boon. ' A. farsighted program of road building has made every part of the state readily and comfortably accessible for tourist travel. The great arteries of t ranseontlnental traffic throb through the heart of the state—the Lincoln highway, the Yellowstone highway, the Rocky Mountain highway, the Atlantic-Yel­ lowstone-Pacific highway, the Blackand Yellow trail. Four great rail­ road systems serve it—the Union Pacific, the Chicago & Northwest­ ern, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. And for all that Wyoming Is amazingly unspoiled. Nowhere else within the borders of the United States can the visitor find natural beauty so fresh and unsullied. No. where else can he so easily escape the drone of motors and the bark of voices &.nd lose himself in the mighty solitudes, of mesa and tim­ berland. Nowhere else can he re­ capture so perfectly the ancient glamour of the frontier and live so thoroughly the simpler, sturdier life of his pioneer fathers. ■So history Is repeatng itself. the appetite. The dude ranch’ testify that transients tend to yf to an established clientele. On tn guest roster are names famous i every field, society, art, polity finance. Year after year MS Roberts Rinehart had spent 1 summers In Wyoming and do much of her work here. Winter Guests Next. Hitherto dude ranching, lnde( has been a seasonal profession, B already indications are plentiful th within a decade it will handle wi ter guests almost, if not aa n merous, as those who now se refuge from the torrid Easte climate. Already shrewd perso are laying plans to make Wyomli Where once the tourist caravan streaked throug as heedlessly as the covered wagon trains a half century ago, with no thought but to cut short the distance separating coast from coast, more and more it is breaking up to explore the fresh beauties that lie off the beaten track. And a taste merely whets a haven for winter sports fans. is as accessible aS Banff In Cana( or Truckee in California: it hi every facility of Ski-ing, tobogga; ing, ice sports. The weather is invigorating b never unduly arduous. The American St. Moritz, som one has suggested. Well, why no T �city appetites and warms asthmatic bosoms with the forgotten joy that comes of contact with fundamentals. Accommodations Suit Taste. A dude, in short, is a seeker of outdoor recreation and dude ranch­ ing is the process of providing It for him in whatever state of dilution or concentration he prefers. For the softer ^reed there are all the com­ forts of home with none of its re. sponsibillties; all the luxuries of the finest resort hotel—a perfect cuisine, golf links and tennis courts one side by the majestic Tetons, on the other by the towering Gros Ventre range and offering scenic marvels no whit inferior to the Alps and far more virgin and untram­ meled; the region around Cody and adjacent to the eastern entrance to Tellowstone park, and the Big Horn range west of Sheridan and Buffalo. But the industry is in its Infancy and the recognition of its possibili­ ties is spreading rapidly to other sections of the state, A mountain and a stream or lake, a big, ram- The Kistler Tent and Awning Co Tents* Awnings Camp Supplies Decorations FAIRNESS ALWAYS IN BUSINESS TO STAY Auto Supplies Auto Tops Tire Repairing The Kistler Tent and Awning Co. 617-619 East Second St. Phone 2065 L. D. Branson Service AUTHORIZED UNITED MOTORS SERVICE STATION Headquarters for Grazing of livestock at the pres­ ent time constitutes the major use, and 100,000 sheep and 7,000 cattle are grazed on this forest during the summer months. The forest is a The Lee Doud Motor Co. DISTRIBUTORS Willys-Overland Fine Motor Cars very important one from a grazing standpoint, as it contains the last stretch of timber land along the continental divide for many miles. North bf the forest, the divide con­ sists of a high sage brush plateau, sloping off into unwatered desert range, on which sheep are grazed during the winter months. Be­ cause of the Hayden’s proximity to these winter ranges, its summer forage has always been in great de­ mand for sheep. It also supplies summer range for cattle that are winter^ in the Platte valley and in Snake river. Recreational Advantages. The Hayden offers many desirable camping places, most of them at present accessible only by horse or on foot. There is a good system of trails horseback travel, but auto roads bre lacking at present, althouglt a highway crossing the di­ vide Battle and connecting the Snake river and Platte river val­ leys iSj HOW under construction. Ex­ BETTY’S Beauty Parlor Wyoming’s Largest A DOZEN OPERATORS at Your Service STRICT PRIVACY Ladies’ and Children’s Hair Bobbing Parlor DELCO—KLAXON—REMY A. C. SPEEDOMETERS MARCEL With Bob Curl $1.00 Use Genuine Parts Only! Delco Light Farm Lighting Plants Zenith Carburetors—dumb Switches MAIL ORDERS Given Prompt Attention D. Branson Service 615 East Second St. PHILCO BATTERIES Phone 383 Phone 1700 424 West Yellowstone cellent trout fishing Is to be had in antr of the many streams and lakes tn the forest. The public may camp and fish anywhere within the forest, provided the state game laws are ob^rved and care is taken with camp jlires. Only one fire occurred in this for­ est dtirtng-.the season just passed. This itas caused by lightning and was extinguished by a ti-ail creW be­ fore any damage was done. ..... A complete line of Marinello Beauty Products ‘displayed in a beautiful showcase. PHONE PHONE FOR APPOINTMENT 707 707 Betty’s Beauty Parlor TRIBUNE BUILDING PHONE 707 �INDUSTRIAL EDITION--192<; i SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Markers and Memorials Along Old Oregon Trail Link Present With Pioneer Past (Continued from Page Fifteen.) In the winter of 1812, after being driven out by the Indians, from their cabin which they had built on the Platte river in the Bessemer Bend, about twelve miles west of Casper, where they had intended to remain during the winter. The ex­ act site of this cabin has never been established, but it was somewhere on the 07 ranch, and the Natrona County Pioneer Association and the Natrona County Historical society hold their picnics there each sum­ mer. The Stuart cabin was the first cabin built in the territory w’hlch now comprises the state of Wyo­ ming. A large marker has been erected at Port Laramie, at a point where the Old Trail entered the fort. John Hunton and Joseph "Wilde donated this monument, which is built of concrete, and is fourteen feet high, and the stateof Wyoming furnished the tablet, built of stone two feet square, which is imbedded in the monument. Fort Laramie was undoubtedly the most significant fort on the Oregon Trail, and was the first fort to be established in Wyoming. . One of the regular markers, such as those erected at Port Caspar and Independence Rock, is located on the Old Trail near Torrington. Three of these markers are located in Platte county, one on the divide east of Badger creek, one on the divide between Little Cottonwood creek and the Platte river and one at the site of the old telegraph and stage station, on Horse creek, south­ west of Glendo. Converse county has five of these markers on the Old Trail. One at the junction of the Cheyenne-Fetterman and Port Laramie and Fort Petterman road, one just south of the Wagon Hound, one at the LaPrele school house and one west of the SO ranch, at the junction of the trail and the new highway. A : .larger monument has also been erected in Converse county, five miles ■ west of Douglas, where the Old Trail crosses the road that leads to Fort Pettermam. On the site of Old. Fort Bridger the citizens in that neighborhood erected a large monument in 1915, built of cobblestones set in cement, the pyramid is ten feet in height and seven and one-half feet at the base. The state of Wyoming fur­ nished a bronze tablet for thia monument. Markers at South Pas.s. Two markers are located in South Pass, one of which was placed near Pacific Springs by Ezra Meeker In 1903, and the other was placed by Captain Nickerson of Lander, chairman of the Oregon Trail com­ mission, two miles east of Pacific Springs. The Meeker marker is . a large boulder with the inscription: ‘‘Old Oregon Trail, 1843-57,” and the latter was erected in honor of the two first white women to cross the continental divide, with the follow­ ing inscription: ‘‘Narcissa Prentiss Whitman, Eliza Hart Spalding, First White Women to Cross This Pass. July 4, 1836.” Rebecca Winters Marker. A marker of greater human in­ terest and one in which there is a touching sentiment is located on the Old Oregon Trail and now alongside the Burlington tracks about a mile east of Scottsbluffs.' At the time the engineers were making the survey through this part of the country they came upon a grave in the direct line of the survey. Over the grave was an arch-shaped ■wagon tire, rusted and crusted with time and upon the wagon tire was chiseled these words: ‘‘Rebecca Win­ ters, Aged 50.” “Boys,” said the chief, ‘‘we’ll turn aside; Here, close by tbe trail, her grave shall stay. For she came first to thia desert ■wide; Rebecca Winters holds the rightof-way.” A fence was" built around the grave by the railroad engineers and authorities of the Latter Day Saints (Mormon) church, in Salt Lake City were communicated with, and they had erected over the grave a substantial granite monument, annronriateiv'inscribed. And thii» �appx-opriaieiy inscrioea. Ana thus tlie line of a great railroad was "turned aside” in order that Re­ becca Burdick-Winters, who had started with her people to help sub­ due the wilderness, might lie un­ disturbed in the grave she had oc­ cupied for nearly three-fourths of a century. Hundreds of Markers Along Trail. Through the states of Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon and Washington, extending from In­ dependence, Mo., to Seaside, Ore., and Olympia, Wash., hundreds of these "man-made” markers have been erected along the Old Trail in recent years, but at the time the thousands upon thousands of peo­ ple were on their westward way for the purpose of establishing for themselves a home and to build an empire there were no markers set up along the roadside to guide the travelers, except one at Gardner, Kans., at the junction of the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails. At the forks of these roads there was a sign: "Road to Oregon.” Just three words pointing out the 2,000 mile route, about which hundreds of thousands of pages have since been written describing the adventures, the adversities, the trials and hard­ ships, suffering and death of the thousands who started over this great pathway. Occasionally the emigrants would find the white-bleached skull of a buffalo along the roadside with a message written upon it by those who had gone before; messages and names were also inscribed upon the sandstone and shelf-rock by the wayside, but the God-made markers, such as Scottsbluffs, Emigrant Gap, Iron Creek Pass, Independence Rock, Devil’s Gate, Split Rock, South Pass, and others, were the only guides for the weary travelers, but no other signs were needed, for the wheels of ths wagons and the hoofs of the beasts and the foot­ steps of the pioneers had worn a pathway along the 2,000-mile route several feet deep and many yards wide. To remain on the trail was the least of their dangers and troubles. An extended description of the "God-made Markers On the Old Oregon Trail” Is being written by the author, which will be published In series by an Eastern magazine, after which the story will bo printed In book form. �CASPER TRIBUNE-HERALD PAGE 14 INDUSTRIAL EDITION—1! MARKERS AND MEMORIALS LINK PRESENT WITH THE PAS Memorial Shaft to Trail Blazers Near Northwestern Station Is Re­ sult of Movement Launched by Women Pioneers in 1907 Pioneer shaft erected near NorthWestern station to commemorate trail-blazers of west. By ALFRED J. MOKLEB O the men and women of the Natrona County Pioneer Asso­ ciation belong the credit for the first movement that resulted in the erec­ tion of a marker, or monument, that would endure in Natrona county to appropriately mark and thereby per­ petuate to memory the old Oregon Trail that passed through where the City of Casper is now situated, and ■where some of the most substantial business blocks are located. Some people are wont to give Ezra Meeker the distinction of conceiving the idea of the erection of these monuments on the Old Trail, and perhaps he is T there he would go to Washington, the National Capital, and advocate the passage of a bill through Con­ gress for an appropriation of $30,000 to assist in defraying the expenses of erecting these markers. The bill, however, failed to pass. At the meeting in the old town hall in 1907, the ladies of the* Na­ trona County Pioneer Association were favorably impressed with the idea of having a monument erected in the town of Cagper, and they im­ mediately set to work to raise funds for the purchase and erection of a shaft that would not only be a credit to the Old Trail and the town of Casper, but one that would always reflect favorably upon this worthy organization. The money was not raised by popular subscriptions and “drives,” that are so numerous nowa-days, but it'was actually earned by the ladies, who gave entertainments and dinners and sold articles of fancy work which were made by them. They worked two years be­ fore they had sufficient funds to warrant the ordering of the memor­ ial, which would cost about $1,500, exclusive of the cost of the freight upon the stone from Indiana and the cost of its erection, both of which were donated by the Chicago & Northwestern Railway company. The ground upon which the shaft is erected, in the center of the small park directly north of the railway company’s passenger station, was also given without charge. The shaft was erected during the sum­ mer of 1914. Rev. Hutt of the Episcopal church, and the ceremonies were concluded by the unveiling of the monument by Miss Irma Patton. This “Pioneer Monument,” as it deservedly should be named, is an obelisk twenty-six feet in height from the top of its base, the bottom of which is four feet square and ta­ pers to thirty inches square within two feet of the top, where it termi­ nates a four-square point. The shaft .is in three sections, and is matte 4rom Indiana limestone. The base the monument is also in three Actions, each of which is eigh­ teen wChea in height, the first being sixteen feet square, the second twelve feet arcl the third eight feet square, there being a two-foot offset from each iff the sections of the base. Addiii the freight, the cost of the erectj^i, the chiseling of the inscrip­ tions fend the setting of the bronze tablet, all of which cost no less than $3,000, this is probably one of the most elaborate and expensive monu­ ments on the Old Oregon Trail. The Inscription on the South side of the shaft is as follows. Pioneer Monument Erected on the Site of the Old Oregon Trail In Memory of the Pioneers Who Blazed the Way. Built by Natrona County Pioneer Association 1849 1911 The date on the monument, 1849, would indicate that the Oregon Trail Fort Caspar in the Days of the Platte Bridge Battle the establishment of such an im­ portant military post as Fort Caspar, and it is even more regrettable that the date on the tablet should be al­ lowed to remain unchanged, and thus mislead those who are not familiar with the facts. The word “about," in the third line from the top, is equal to an acknowledgement that it is not known when the post was es­ tablished. But by referring to the records in the War Department it will be seen that “on July 29, 1858, Companies D and E, Fourth Artil­ lery, Captain Joseph Roberts, Cap­ tain G. W. Getty, being a part of the second column of the Utah ex­ pedition, occupied this point (Mor­ mon Ferry) for the purpose of keep­ ing open the communication with Salt Lake City and to aid in the prompt forwarding of supplies.” A bridge was built across the river here during the winter of 1858-59 by Louis Guinard and the name of the post was then changed to Platte Bridge Station, and on March 23, 1859, an order was issued from the War Department to “abandon the post at Platte Bridge.” The troops were withdrawn on April 20, of that year. No more troops were sta­ tioned here until May, 1862, when it was again occupied by volunteer troops who were serving as escort for emigrants and the protection of the telegraph line. November 21, 1865, Major General Pope ordered that: “The military post situated at Platte Bridge, between Deer and Rock creeks, on the Platte river, will be hereafter known as Fort Cas­ par, io. bouor oC Lieut. Caspar, 11th par, in honor of Lieut. Caspar Col­ lins, 11th Ohio cavalry, who last his life while gallantly attacking a su­ perior force of Indiana at that place." The post was abandoned on Octo­ ber 19, 1867, and the Indians imme­ diately set fire to the buildings and the bridge. The Wyoming state authorities who furnished the copy for the tab­ let are to be congratulated upon Marker erected by D. A. B. spot where Lieutenant Caspar Uns, for whom Casper was nai was kiUed in defense of a w! train, having the date of the abandonn of the post correct. The site of the old fort is miles west from the monument, stead of one, as stated upon tablet. During the session of the twc legislature of the State of Wyom In 1913, a bill was enacted provi< lor the appropriate marking of Old Oregon Trail, and historic li marks in the State of Wyoming, the establishment of an Oregon 1 Commission, consisting of tl members. An appropriation $2,500 was made at the time the became a law, to purchase appro ate markers, and it was provl that the several counties in wl the markers were placed should I the expense of setting them up. the subsequent sessions of the s: legislature $500 was appropriatet be expended by the commlssior (Continued on Page Fifteen.; IllllllllllllillllllllllilllllUllllllllllillillllllllllllllllllltllllllllllltliillUIIIIWIIIItllllU^ �I bflJi I BOTTLING WORKS I CASPER, WYO. PHONE 136 I I entitled to that honor, for he passed over the Old Trail in a prairie schooner, drawn by an ox team, in the summer of 1907, advocating the marking of the Trail that he first passed over in 1852. A meeting was held in the old town hall of Casper at that time, to which the public was invited, and it was at this meeting that Mr. Meeker told of his plans of traveling over the Old Trail from the “Oregon Country’’ to the site of the old town of Independence, Missouri, and from It was more than six years after the movement was started to raise the funds for the purchase of the monument that -the unveiling cere­ monies were held, which was on November 20, 1914, under the aus­ pices of the Natrona County Pion­ eer Association and the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Devolution. At these ceremonies an address was made by ex-Governor Bryant B, Brooks; students from the Natrona County High School sang ‘‘America;’’ prayer was offered by ANNOUNCING TALBERT OFFICE APPLIANCE CO. 109 S. Center Casper Phone 502 Which will conduct the business begun by W. L. ' Talbert a little over a year ago. AUTHORIZED SALES AND SERVICE for Kardex All-Steel Office Furniture L. C. Smith Error-No Corona Copy Holders Remingten Portable Multistamp Shipman-Ward Bates Numbering Machines Rebuilt Underwoods SUPPLIES RENTALS REPAIRS Sundstrand Adding Machine Line was established at that time. This is misleading. From 1840 to 1843, a decided flow of emigrants from the east traveled over the Oregon Trail from Independence, Missouri, to the Columbia river, and thus into the "Oregon Country.” American set­ tlers became so numerous in this part of the country that the United States actually laid claim to this re­ gion, and after quarreling over It several years, final settlement was made in 1846 between America and England, with definite boundaries be­ tween the United States and Canada. The Oregon territory was formed In 1848, therefore it is conclusive that the date on the monument is mis­ leading, Why this date was en­ graved upon the shaft, the writer cannot explain, unless those who had the matter in charge took it toe granted that the Trail was estab­ lished at the time of the “gold rush” to California, forgetting all about the flow of emigrantion to the “Oregon Country” for nine years previous. The figure “9” should be changed to tions, who, no doubt, will be deeply interested in these historical facta, may not accuse the Pioneers of thia ago of being too careless with the recording of facts and dates. A tgonze tablet imbedded In the monUBoent on the east side bears this inscription: Fort Caspar U. S. Military Post Established About 1864 For Volunteers A^ndoned October 19, 186T ' ' Shunted One Mile West' of This Spot Marked by the State of Wyoming 1914, It I^ very regrettable that the stat© authorities who had th© re­ sponsibility of furnishing th© copy for tbi© tablet displayed such care­ lessness, or Ignorance, in regard to Pure Fruit Flavored Beverages IN BOTTLES ‘'Oatt Ltt* ftr ef Strvft^ CASPER BATTERY CO. Factory Representatives VESTA BATTERIES GABRIEL SNUBBERS NORTHEAST ELECTRIC SYSTEMS EISEMANN MAGNETOS K. W. MAGNETOS PUROLATORS WICO IGNITERS Storage Battery and Electrical Repairing E, R. EARNSHAW, Prop. 119 E. Fifth St CASPER, WYO. Phone GO'* �j I i' Know Your Wyoming doming is a mountainsgroup state. It is bounded on the north by Montana, on the the east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the south by Colorado and Utah, and on the west by Utah, Idaho and Montana. It is a lofty region, its mean elevation being about 6,000 feet--a broad plateau traversed by the Rocky mountains, the highest point of which is Mount Gannett, the state is varied. 13,785 feet. The topography of Its waters flow in all directions; drainage by the Green river to the southwest, by the Yel- and Snake rivers lowstaone/to the northwest, by the Big Horn to the north, and by the North Platte, Sweetwater end Laramie rivers to southeast. ^'*one of these rivers a^e navigable. The climate is that of the rarefied air of high elevations, and is salutary, with moderate winters and pleasant summers. The moisture precipitation is low, being at about twelve inches mean annually. The soil, almost in its entirety, requires irrigation, and there are more than 5,000 miles of ditches in the state. The crops include corn, wheat, oats, potatoes hay, alfalfa, and there is a considerable amount of fruit. No state in the Union produces a sugar beet with a higher sugar content, and the avearge yield of the beets is 13.5 tons an acre. The production of certified potatoes is ex­ tensive. Great mineral resources, clude coal, petroleum, gold, not fully developed, silver, in­ iron and copper. Since the days of the cattle kings, Wyoming has been rec- �(2) ognized as one of the greatest of livestock states. More tha’^00,000 head of fine beef catt^le and 4,000,000 head of sheep end lambs graze on, the open rang^^d ranches. The wool clip is of great value. The chief industries are petroleum refining, coal mining, lumber and timber prod­ ucts, bakery products, and dairying is important in a num­ ber of sections of the state. The population, according to the 1940 census, was 250,742, an increase of 25,177 over the 1930 census. Four cities in the state have a pop­ ulation of over 10,000, Casper, with 17,964; Cheyenne, 22,474; Laramie, 10,627; Sheridan, 10,529. Rock Springs is just under the 10,000 mark, with a population of 9,827. In the last decade the state’s urban population increased 33,5 perkent. Urban areas are towns of 2,500 or more. The urban population was 93,577; rural population, 157,165. There are twenty-three counties in the state, seventeen of which showed an increase and six a decrease in their population during the past ten years. o 0 o �Agriculture is the basic industry of United States. The happiness and prosperity of the American farmer is the happiness and prosperity of all other classes of citizenry. In analyzing the trend of events at Washington, D. C. from month to month, Our Observer covers a wide field. He does not confine himself to a strictly agricultural survey but delves into those things that are of interest to the farmer as they concern American citizens in general. —Editor THE CmZB>{. Washington, D. C., May 1, 1940 Economy Eorces Lose In a Spectacular Battle THE economy-minded Congress was short lived. With the constant pounding of pressure groups, representatives were com­ pelled to relent in their efforts to save money to the taxpayer. Expenditures for national defense found little opposition because of the war situa­ tion in Europe. Farm groups succeeded in adding to appropriations in more than one instance. Relief has faced a tempestuous sea, one of the most threatening of the storms produced by the White House re­ quest to be permitted to spend all the money within a span of eight months, which would bring the spending within the presidential campaign era. The one serious problem that is yet to be faced is how and where will be found the funds with which to provide the staggering appropriations. Torn between a conflict of heart and mind, fear that the limitation of the national debt may be overreached weighs almost as heavily with the repre­ sentatives as does their determination to avoid new taxes in an election year. • • • World Market About Lost To Cattle From United States JN Wyoming, the Stock Growers Association publishes a bulletin of information to its MAT. 1940 members. It carries the well chosen title of “Cow Country” and has wide distribution throughout the country. In a recent issue of this bulletin, appears a statement that should attract the atten­ tion of all classes of citizenry. “South of the Equator,” runs the state­ ment, “steers are selling at $3.92 and the ships go out of those ports with the weight of a billion and a half pounds of beet for the European and Asiatic trade. American beef went to sea in the same way fifty years ago. “But, last year. United States imported 80 million pounds of canned beef from South America and Australia and 3 million pounds of fresh and cured beef from Canada. United States beef exports found only 2 per cent of the world’s trade in meat. “The average American’s beef appetite has dropped from 75 to less than 50 pounds. “This is what the American cattlemen and their 75 million beeves face in the future.” And in spite of the decline, loss of mar­ kets, and, the paralyzing of the stock rais­ ing industry in Wyoming, it is now proposed by Secretary of Interior to convert much of the remaining fertile acres of Wyoming farm land into park and public domain. Wallace Admits Mistake Farmers Have Been Losers In Government Spending Spree pE reversal of form in government spend­ ing exhibited by Henry W. Wallace, Sec­ retary of Agriculture, has aroused consid­ erable speculation in Washington adminis­ tration circles. Wallace pointed out, in a statement, “that the Farm Credit Administration, which adopted a liberal lending policy in 1933 and 1934 to ‘save the farmer’ actually succeed­ ed in saving the ‘bankers and insurance (Continued on Page 22) Page T^ineteen �A fish pole, white water tumbling down from the melting snows, those hard fighting mountain trout . . . . what a life I And what a vacation! A couple of pretty dudines are looking at the mighty Tetons from across Jenny Lake. This Year is Wyoming’s GOLDEN WYOMING—The twenty-fourth state of the Union will be fifty years old this year and those cow-hands plan a real birthday party . . . Colorful Pageants, Celebra­ tions, Festivals! e e e e e Its majestic mountain scenery Its unexampled fishing and hunting Its world-famous dude ranches Its parks and playgrounds and rodeos Its sheep and cattle and elk and ante­ lope • Its hospitable people—no more friendly anywhere • Its roads—one of the finest systems in the nation, with paved highways leading to all points Page Twenty THIS YEAR—1940, Wyoming will attract travel from all parts of the country, in greater numbers than usual—the GOLDEN JUBILEE will be a magnet drawing thousands who have been shut off from foreign countries because of war . , . All the superlatives of a Hollywood movie studio would not do full justice to Wyoming. Amongst its many and varied attractions are: • YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, one oi the world's most popular resorts—its great geysers, waterfalls, wildlife, high coloration of deep can­ yons, have attracted world-wide interest. • GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARE, within the boundaries of the state, is in the Grand Teton range, the most beautiful mountain range in Amer­ ica—the center of the famous Jackson Hole country. • DEVIL S TOWER, in northeastern Wyoming, an awe-inspiring spectacle of nature—the first na­ tional monument to be created. THE CITIZEN �Devil s Tower, rising 865 feet above the surrounding terrain, is a mighty monument to the work of Mothe* Nature. This first national monument to be created is located in northeastern Wyoming. Lower Falls of the Yellowstone drops twice the distance of Niagara Falls and holds you spellbound as you watch Yellowstone River tumble into the Grand Canon. JUBILEE of the Wonder State On a lake in the high mountain reaches near Pine­ dale, Wyoming, where the solitude brings you close to nature ond causes you to ponder over its great­ ness. —Photo by C. C. Feltner. • OLD FORT LARAMIE NATIONAL MONUMENT, with its romantic history of the early west. There are many other places to see and enjoy and things to do in the delightful summer climate of Wyoming: RANCH LIFE retains much of the early-day flavor of the old west . . . many eastern­ ers enjoy it at the famous dude ranches FRONTIER DAYS in the old cow-town of Cheyenne, is a colorful event and rightfully described as the "daddy of 'em alll" .... then there is the SHERI­ DAN RODEO—the old west at its bestl WYOMING has great, undeveloped resources. Its steady growth will continue under our demo­ cratic system of government .... here, the Old Timer is still an individualist .... one of the last frontiers of old-fashioned Americanism. Wyoming is intensely loyal to these United States of America. MAT, 1940 For information, please write STATE BOARD OF INDUSTRY 4 COMMERCE Capitol Bldg., Cheyenne, Wyoming Page Twenty-one �I THE AMERICAN FARM I (Continued from Page 19) | ---------------------------------------------------------- | companies. The farmers were left with debts they can never pay.” Mr. Wallace admits that he is “now try­ ing to rectify the earlier mistake by re­ amortizing loans and giving borrowers longer periods in which to pay.” Most of the dependable farm leaders ques­ tion whether this new program will offer any relief from an already unfortunate situation. “Farmers are finding that it is just as unpleasant to be wiped out by gov­ ernment in 1940 as it would have been to be wiped out by a bank in 1934,” commented one farm leader. American Farmers May Regain Allied Markets As Result German Invasion concerted drive on the part of farm groups to induce the Washington ad­ ministration to re-open markets in Great Britain and France is under way. Leaders insist that the German invasion of Norway and Denmark has shut off one of the prin­ cipal sources of supply to the Allied nations and that United States should benefit as a result. Up to the present, allied purchases in United States have been largely confined to aircraft and war material and equipment. This has been, in a large sense, responsible for much of the stagnation in the industrial and agricultural fields. Anticipated war purchases did not materialize as far as the American farmer is concerned. Step Follows Step Agreements Supercede Treaties—And So On! ^HE reciprocal trade agreements delegate to the Secretary of States the power to fix customs duties or tariff rates on imports covered in the agreements. Senator O’Mahoney, Wyoming, suggests that if it is all right to do this, then, there is nothing to prevent Congress delegating to Secretary of the Treasury authority to fix income tax rates. Constitution of United States provides that all bills for the raising of revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives. Secretary of State contends that the “agree­ Page Twenty'two ments” are not “treaties,” and therefore exempt from the demands of the Constitu­ tion. In the case of the agreement with Columbia, one clause provides that the “agreement” shall supercede all treaties. Farm Benefits Do Not Go To Nation’s Farmers But To Banks and Insurance Cos. ^ADMINISTRATION statistics show that the largest payments under the program of farm benefits have not gone to farmers at all. The biggest single beneficiary in 1937 was Metropolitan Life Insurance Com­ pany whose checks totalled $257,000. In­ surance companies and banks, drew down the largest payments. Foreclosure of mort­ gage gave them this advantageous position. According to the record, approximately 3,750,000 of the 6,000,000 farmers of the country participated in the government’s 1937 program. The average payment should have been $75.00 per farmer. But more than 20,000 farmers received payments in excess of $1,000 while the vast majority will b' found in the brackets of less than $50 per capita. To be exact, there were 1,182,387 farmers who received between $20 and $40 each. Many New Frontiers Before American People If Research Is Employed gIXTY per cent of all the units manufac­ tured in United States are made in six per cent of the nation’s area. Decentraliza­ tion of industry, combined with a plan of honest co-operation between business and government, would mean fuller development of the remaining ninety-four per cent of the country’s area. It requires research in the agricultural field, the industrial field, the commercial. Research brought us the automobile, the radio, electricity and countless other facil­ ities with which Americans are endowed. The futunre use of farm products for the benefit of industry offers a field of wide research. The story of the soy bean offers a typical case of what can be done. Engineering principles should be applied to United States. More prosperous farmers and happy, contented workers in the in­ dustrial world would be one of the results. THE CITIZEN �INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT WYOMING The Wyoming State flo'^er is the Indian Pgint JBrush. The Wyoming State bird is the meadow lark. Tba^inpiilatinn of Wyoming is 240,000r Thc-Staie is 36S miles long and 2/0 miles wide With an area of 62,430,720 acrea^ Wyoming has thirteen State institutions. Wyoming has nearly 2,000 miles of railroad. Ninety-eight per cent of the population of Wyoming is white. Wyoming has 8,500,000 acres of forest land. Wyorning-has-e©Bi«-ef-the-wofl41».greaiest-h«t-sp«Bgs. Wyoming has rivers flowing into the Missouri, the Columbia, and the Gulf of California. Wyorning ranks first in known coal reserves, second in annual wool produc­ tion and third in known oil shale deposits. Wyoming was the first State to have a woman governor. Wvomiae-wnH ndmifti-d nr. .n Rtatp July 10, 48P0. In 1869 Wyoming granted political suffrage to women and was the firsvState to do so. Wyoming territory was created from portions of Utah, Dakota and Idaho ter­ ritories in 1868. 183^’’® settlement in Wyoming was established at Fort Laramie in RIVERS IK WYOMING^ BadLwater, Belle Eourche, Big Horn, Cheyenne, Fall, Gray’s, Gros Ventre, Hoback, Laramie, Lewis, KlecLicine Bow, North Platte, Popo Agie, Powder, Shoshone, Snake, Sweetwal^er, Tongue, Wind, Yellowstone. WYO^II-NG LEALS IN BIG Wyoming leads all other Spates in big game re* -sources. All the varieties of game, including elk, ^eer, moose, mountain sheep, antelope, black, brown and grizzly bear, and many smaller animals are found within the--S^ate. �The Midwest Review Published Monthly by the Department of Industrial Relations and Distributed Free to the Midwest Family Issued Under Authority of the Midwest Refining Company Address All Communications to The Midwest Review, Post office Box 1075 Casper, Wyoming Volume VI August, 1925 Number 8 One of Wyoming’s Worthiest Projects The Annual State Fair at Douglas is the Clearing House through which the State’s Varied and Wonderful Resources are Exhibited to the World. By D. W. Greenburg All great commonwealths recognize the need and necessity for continuous educa­ tion of its people towards development of its latent and potential resources. This was recognized by the constructive citi­ zens of Wyoming many years ago. In 1901 a State Industrial Conference was held at Laramie to devise ways and means to stimulate the commercial and industrial growth of the state. It was attended by our leading citizens and out of its delib­ erations came a well defined program which included the gathering of a diversi­ fied exhibit of the State’s resources for display at the St. Louis World’s Fair and for annual exhibitions at various points in the State. The Wyoming State Fair becomes of age this year. It was 21 years ago that it was given life by the Wyoming State Legislature which made a modest appro­ priation for the founding and mainten­ ance of the institution. The State Indus­ trial Exposition was the forerunner of the State Fair. This exposition, the first which made any pretense of being a State­ wide show, was held at Sheridan in 1903 and was sufficiently successful to be held the following year in Casper. Following the Casper show a strong sentiment de­ veloped for a permanent State Fair and Douglas at once entered the field as a can­ didate for the location of the Fair. At the 1905 session of the Legislature, a bill was introduced appropriating mon­ ey for the establishment of the Fair, with the location at Douglas. The sentiment for the bill was by no means unanimous and the measure met with much opposi­ tion. Other towns wished to be consider­ ed for location and some of the legisla­ tors were in favor of putting the fair on wheels, giving every section of the State a chance at it. The Converse County delegation, at that time consisting of Ly­ man Cooper, who was speaker of the house, J. T. Williams, the representative in the senate, and John Morton of Doug­ las and Thomas Bell of Lusk, house repre­ sentatives, were able to get the bill through. The bill called for an appro­ priation of $10,000 to acquire land, erect buildings, and pay the premiums and ex­ penses of the Fair for the two year period. The Board of Trustees, to be appointed by the Governor, was to be in charge of the Fair. Governor Brooks named as members of this board Dr. Mortimore Jesurun, M. R. Collins, of Lusk, E. J. Bell of Laramie, H. L. Patten of Casper, and Alex McDonald of Sheridan. The board held its first meeting on April 5, 1905 and organized. There were two vacancies among the original appointments, those of Dr. Jesurun and H. L. Patten. These vacancies were filled by the appointment of Dr. J. M. Wilson of Douglas and A. E. Campbell of Glendo. The board organized and elected Dr. Wilson as president, A. E. Campbell as treasurer and M. R. Col­ lins as secretary. There was much doubt of the possibility of the Pair being a success that year, as the board had but $10,000 for the two year period and with this it must secure the land, erect the buildings and pay the premiums and expenses of running the fair for two years. The people of Doug­ las signified their willingness to guarantee the Fair and the Board proceeded to make �2 THE MIDWEST REVIEW its plans for the 1905 Fair. Practically is happily qualified to carry on this work. all of the appropriation of $10,000 was Undoubtedly the Pair this year will excel expended in the preliminary work and it all previous efforts. In the handling of was necessary for the people of Douglas details of the Pair a local board composed to subscribe the money necessary for the of leading citizens of Douglas work in running of the Pair. The dates were fixed harmony and cooperation with the Secre­ for October 3, 4, 5 and 6. tary. The board consists of James Wil­ A race track was constructed with a lox, Jr., LaBonte; Roy 0. Westley, Lara­ modest grand stand; an Art Hall was mie ; W. J. Dalton, Dr. J. R. Hylton, J. built and the town of Douglas built an Jeff Scott, Mrs. W. B. Musch, Vera S. Agricultural Hall. Considering the hand­ Trumper, J. L. Carmin and Frank T. Cum­ icaps and the short time for preparation, mings, all of Douglas. the Fair was wonderfully successful. The It is an interesting fact that last year date was late and the Pair management and the previous year the Pair weathered was anxious as to the possibilities of a through without going to the State Legis­ spell of winter weather, but fortunately lature without a deficit, probably the first the week was exceptionally warm. The time in the history of the organization, Pair managers worked without compen­ and at the last session $40,000 was appro­ sation. However, a good show was staged priated for handling the Pair on a twowith fine racing and sports, a large con­ year basis. This will not be ample to pro­ tingent of soldiers of the regular army vide for any new buildings which are helping greatly with their military man­ sadly needed because the Pair is growing euvers. There was a splendid agricultural to greater proportions, however, with con­ exhibit from the several counties of the servative management it is expected the State. The attendance was good and sum provided will meet all expenses. there was never any doubt after the first Something worthy of note in connection Pair had been held that the institution with the development of the State Pair was a necessary one and a permanent one. is the interest taken by both the North­ Prom 1905 to 1920 the Pair has been western and Burlington railroad systems, under the direct management of a State each taking a keen interest in the Pair Pair Board, the members being appointed and its success. The Northwestern rail­ by the Governor. The first president was road, recognizing the true worth of the Dr. J. M. Wilson and his successors were State Pair, donated to its perpetual use E. T. David of Douglas, K. D. Carey of a large tract of land at Douglas for Pair Caryhurst, J. M. Flynn of Douglas, Luther grounds. This valuable property will Freeman of LaBonte, Russell Thorp of eventually pass into the hands of the State Lusk, W. C. Irvine of Ross, Dr. B. P. for this purpose provided a Pair shall be Davis of Cheyenne, and Joseph Garst of held each successive year for 25 years. Douglas. In 1921 the management of The donation was made in 1913. Failure the Pair was given by the Legisla­ to hold a State Pair in any single year ture to the State Board of Charities will automatically revert the land back and Reform. This board controlled for to the original owner. two years, after which it was made a The citizens of Douglas take no small part of the Department of Agriculture. pride in the success of the Pair each year At the present time A. D. Paville, Com­ and in addition to providing entertain­ missioner of Agriculture, has supervision ment for the visitors, show that courteous of the State Pair, the active management and friendly spirit toward the visitor that being in the hands of Thomas P. Doyle, always has such a wholesome and lasting named secretary of the Pair this year. effect. No effort will be made here to Commissioner Paville has the coopera­ go into detail concerning the virtues of tion of the University Extension and Ag­ Douglas and Converse County because of ricultural College departments in perfect­ the intention at some future time to make ing details for the Fair and this year has Converse County a special feature of the devoted much time towards arranging for Midwest Review. In connection with the extended exhibits and educational pro­ Pair the City of Douglas furnishes to the grams. Mr. Doyle is a newspaperman and Pair ground the free water and does many �THE MIDWEST REVIEW state Fair 9/ic SULc 3air building '05 3 �THE MIDWEST REVIEW other things to relieve the Pair of a great burden of expense. Before leaving the subject of Pair man­ agement, the State Board of Agriculture, of which A. D. Paville is the Commission­ er and active head, composed of promi­ nent men in several sections of the State, has an important part in giving stability and permanence to the State Pair. The Board is composed of Governor Nellie T. Ross and J. A. Hill, Dean and Director of the College of Agriculture and Experi­ ment Station, Laramie, as ex-officio mem­ bers; Loraine Rollins of Lyman, presi­ dent; Paul Dupertuis of Lingle, vice pres­ ident; Herbert E. Sabin, of Node; Doug­ las B. Sparks, of Buffalo; and John Hen­ dricks, of Powell. The Pair has grown since 1905. The fine brick building. Agricultural Hall, has been erected. The steel grandstand has supplanted the wooden affair of 21 years ago. The Art Hall has been enlarged and remodeled. A fine exhibit pavilion for horses, cattle and sheep has been erected and the institution today is equipped to care for the wants of the exhibitors in a much different manner from the days of the first Pair. The Agricultural hall which was donated by the citizens of Douglas is still in use for other purposes. One of the chief needs for the Pair today is another building, modern and of ample proportions, to care for the increasing de­ mands of growing Wyoming. The Wyoming State Pair is primarily an exposition showing Wyoming’s re­ sources, indicating the progress which has been made in agriculture, livestock and industry. It is a revelation to those unacquainted with the State to visit Agri­ cultural Hall, which is crowded to its cap­ acity with agricultural exhibits from every part of the State. Prom the irri­ gated sections come every variety of fruit, grains and vegetables. Prom the vast empire of the Big Horn Basin, from Pre­ mont and from Platte, Goshen, Sheridan and Converse come exhibits which would be a source of pride at any State Pair. Prom the dry land sections come a sur­ prising lot of grains and vegetables in­ dicating the possibilities of Wyoming’s dry farm lands. The cattle and sheep exhibitions at the State Pair have for many years been com­ posed of the best representatives of the popular breeds. While cattle and sheep have long predominated, in recent years the swine department has made wonderful growth and this department this year will show that the raising of swine has grown to be a great industry. A new departure this year will be the exhibits of feeder stock. Livestock grow­ ers of Wyoming are beginning to realize that much of the profit of raising stock goes to Nebraska and Colorado feeders, and it is planned to utilize the abundant feed from Wyoming ranches for the feed­ ing of Wyoming stock. To encourage the exhibit of this class of stock and to edu­ cate the growers as to the financial ad­ vantage offered in this industry, former Governor Robert D. Carey, a former presi­ dent of the State Pair, has offered a regis­ tered Hereford Bull as first prize in this department. Governor Carey has always taken an active interest in the success of the Pair and is a leader in educating the farmer and livestock man of the State in better methods. Mr. Charles J. Hauf of Glendo, a prominent Shorthorn breeder, offers a registered Shorthorn Bull as first prize in the Shorthorn Class. The Wyom­ ing State Pair adds $60 and $30 as second and third prizes in each class. One of the interesting exhibits at the Pair this year will be that of the United States Agricultural Department. This ex­ hibit pertains to things in which Wyoming is interested, such as the care of range cattle and sheep, the rodent control and numerous features which will both inter­ est and instruct. The Extension Department of the State University has always been a great aid to the Pair. It has been of exceptional educational value bringing to the farmer and stockgrower all that is new and prac­ tical. Daily demonstrations are given with lectures by experts so that the knowl­ edge gained by study and research may be imparted to those who need it. Of late years more attention has been paid to industrial exhibits of the Pair and this year promises to excel all previous years experience. One of the chief indus­ tries of Wyoming, the oil industry, will be represented by the Midwest Refining Com­ pany, Ohio Oil Company, and the Texas Company, who will contribute exhibits �THE MIDWEST REVIEW 5 �6 THE MIDWEST REVIEW which show the vast range and impor­ tance to the State of this industry. The Great Western Sugar Company of Wor­ land will have an exhibit showing what the growing of sugar beets means to Wyo­ ming farmers. Many other industries of Wyoming have secured space in the In­ dustrial building, showing that the State is depending more than ever upon its own manufacturers. The Boys and Girls Club Work has proved an interesting feature of the Fair. They come in force; dormitories are pro­ vided for the girls and the boys camp on the grounds. The special prizes which are provided in the Club work are of value; demonstrations are given daily by the young people; judging contests are held and it is the aim of the management to make the Fair a school for spreading knowledge to the farm and the home. The State spelling contest arouses each year as much interest as any one feature of the Fair. Practically every county in the State has its representative in the con­ test. The Wyoming State Tribune has offered prizes in the sum of $100 in this contest, which is under the supervision of the State Educational Department. Many years ago the Old Timers’ Asso­ ciation was formed, and since its incep­ tion, it has been a valuable and interest­ ing feature of the Pair. In conjunction with the State Historical Society, a meet­ ing is held each year, with a program of exceptional merit and interest. Much his­ tory of the State has been procured from those gatherings of men and women who participated in the events that have made history. The Old Timers look forward each year to the time when they can meet their pioneer friends from all over the State. John Hunton of Old Fort Laramie fame and Malcolm Campbell of Casper have never missed a Fair. They have been residents of AVyoming for 60 years and participated actively in the building of the State. Realizing that visitors to the Fair must be entertained, a program of amusements has been arranged, which will appeal to all tastes. The rodeo is still a strong fea­ ture of the program. It will be under the direction of Mr. J. L. Carmin and the best riders in the country and the worst buckers of the west will be present. The Fourth United States Cavalry, under the command of Colonel Latrobe, will be camped on the grounds. The soldiers will participate in the daily programs and the regimental band, one of the best in the service, will be one of the musical organi­ zations present at the Pair. Two other bands will furnish music during the entire four days of the Pair. A number of free acts, the best from the vaudeville circuits, have been secured. A Midway with a carnival company will add to the interest of the night entertainment. Sat­ urday, as an added attraction, there will be automobile races with some of the best drivers in the State contesting. Chief Yellow Calf and a band of Arapahoe braves will be there to lend a touch of color to the old West. The City of Douglas will be in gala at­ tire for the occasion and there promises to be enough diversity in the city proper during the evening periods to satisfy the most exacting. It is an opportunity this year for all loyal citizens of Wyoming to meet their friends and neighbors at the Annual Fair and to give its support and approval by being present. An informa­ tion bureau is maintained in Douglas for the convenience of Fair visitors. Reserva­ tions for rooms or any other information desired will be provided on application, either in person or by letter. The people of Douglas have always giv­ en the finest cooperation to the manage­ ment of the Pair. They take it as their duty to care for the people who come from outside points and it will be a pleasure for them to make the stay of Fair visitors a pleasant one. Our Cover Designs The three pictures which make up the front cover design for this special State Fair issue of the Review, are made from actual photographs of scenes at the State Fair, held at Douglas. The agricultural products are from one of the county exhibits; the two girls with their cake and bread are Wyom­ ing Girls, members of the Boys and Girls Club, and the third picture is from an actual scene at the Rodeo feature of the Fair. And the little Indian Malden on the back cover is likewise an actual photograph. We feel that the Kistler artist in Denver, who did this work for us, is to be complimented upon the results. We like the effect, and hope our readers will be likewise pleased. �THE MIDWEST REVIEW 7 The First Annual State Fair Back in 1905 Bill Barlow’s Budget at Douglas describes in detail the successful conclusion of the first State Exhibition. By Bill Barlow It was nearly 21 years ago that the First Annual Wyoming State Fair was held at Douglas. In that year of 1905 the fair was held October 3, 4, 5 and 6 and was the occa­ sion for a gathering of many Wyoming citi­ zens at Douglas. Among those who partici­ pated was Governor Bryant B. Brooks and his staff. It will be interesting to our readers to get a slant on the happenings of that week. Bill Barlow’s Budget, in its issue of October 11, 1905, tells the story of the first fair. It is reproduced herewith.—Editor. Well, to begin with, the weather was perfect, as though made to order—bright sunshine, warm, and but little wind. The attendance estimated at about 2500—pos­ sibly a little more than that. Sensational reports of a typhoid fever epidemic said to be raging here unquestionably kept hundreds away, particularly from the south and remote sections of our county. The best of order prevailed, during the entire four days—Chief of Police Proctor, Sheriff Messenger and Marshal Davis are to be congratulated. There was plenty doing each day—uptown, on the grounds each afternoon, and at night a half dozen attractions served to keep everybody amused and entertained according to his or her inclination. The big show was all that. Six coun­ ties were not represented; but will be next time. Fremont, Laramie, Weston, Albany and Converse were at the front, as will be seen by the list of awards else­ where. The agricultural display was as good as down-east ever produced; the livestock show limited but first class; the mineral exhibition calculated to drive the show-me pessimist into his hole. Only five ladies entered in the relay race—Miss Maggie Reid, of Douglas; Mrs. Guy Newell, of Springhill; Mrs. Mott Quest, of Newcastle; Mrs. William Irwin, of Cheyenne and Mrs. Sturgeon, of Cas­ per. Refusal on the part of the committee to permit her to ride two of the horses she had brought here for the purpose and the fact that she was thrown twice the first day, resulted in the withdrawal of Mrs. Irwin; later Mrs. Sturgeon also with­ drew. The race was not decided until the last day, and was won by the Con­ verse county champion, with Mrs. Newell a close second, and Mrs. Quest third. Miss Reid received $375 in cash, the $400 piano given by the city of Douglas, the loving cup given by the Denver Post, one pair of blankets, five pounds of creams, and a handsome cut-glass prize offered by J. J. Steffen and valued at $25. Mrs. Newell received $355 in cash, a pair of blankets and the cream and sugar set given by the Cheyenne Leader. Mrs. Quest received $230 in cash and a set of solid silver tea­ spoons given by the Cheyenne Tribune. In the horse race Douglas won first money in the wet test as the result of an accident to the Cheyenne team—who later won the straightaway by the close mar­ gin of two-fifths of a second. The huband-hub was not run owing to an accident to the Cheyenne cart whereby someone put it out of commission. There has been much controversy over these races, result­ ing in bitter feeling on both sides—that which the Budget refuses to judge. Cer­ tain it is that the Douglas team made every concession asked in the two races run, and should not have broken that record by refusing their visitors the use of their carts in the last contest, regardless of the circumstances attending “accident” to the Cheyenne cart. It is equally true that the abuse of the Douglas team and its cap­ tain appearing in the Cheyenne press is entirely uncalled for and based on mere presumption—of which there is plenty of circumstantial evidence to reply in kind if we were so minded. It goes without saying that much of the success of the races was due to the con­ stant supervision of Commissioner Don­ aldson, who has had much experience in such matters, together with the work of �8 THE MIDWEST REVIEW Governor Bryant B. Brooks (wearing beard and in civilian clothes) with Regimental Staff and Wyoming National Guard officers, in attendance at the first Annual Wyoming State Fair—1905. Messrs. Kay and Bailey, of Sheridan, who officiated as starter and timekeeper. It is rather late, now, to attempt a resume of the horses and purses; but certain it is that it was far and away the greatest race meet in the history of the state. The wonderful performances of “College Maid,” the Laramie guideless wonder, comprised an especially interesting fea­ ture, and the events introduced by the Tenth cavalry were enjoyable. Every­ body pronounced the track one of the best in the west and requiring only slight alteration to make it perfect. The Williams-Mustain fight went twen­ ty rounds without a knock-down, and was awarded to Williams by Referee Hynds. The contest was devoid of brutality, and as handled by Mr. Hynds could have been pulled off in a parlor. The Shoels-Kid lightweight scrap was refereed by Johnny Green, of Cheyenne, and was given to Shoels on the Kid refusing to continue the fight when his claim of a foul had been disallowed. The visit of the Denver chamber of commerce, Friday, was an event long to be remembered. They arrived by special train about 8 a. m. and headed by their own band marched to breakfast and later to Temple hall where Chairman Barrow introduced Governor Brooks and Presi­ dent Wilson in turn, each of whom wel­ comed our guests in such manners as to leave no room for uncertainty as to whether or no they had title to the keys of the state and city. Responses were made by President J. S. Temple of the chamber of commerce. Lieutenant Gov­ ernor Parks, Parson Uzell, Senator Pat­ terson and others, and the meeting closed with an address by our own Senator C. 1). Clark, who came all the way from Evans­ ton to endorse our greeting and to point out to our visitors the importance of go­ ing after the trade of what he character­ ized as an empire yet to be developed. The Denver bunch, among which were “Walt” Davis of the Post and a news representative, spent the day on the grounds and about town, leaving for home that evening. All were pleased, and out­ spoken in their belief that the Colorado & Southern should be extended to Douglas and eventually to the Northern Pacific, and it is certain that their visit will bear fruit along this line in due time. One of the most interesting exhibits on the grounds was the Cyclone irrigation pump, which was installed on the river just below the wagon bridge, and which was visited by hundreds of people. With �THE MIDWEST BETIEM ten horse-power this pump lifted 7,000 gallons of water ten feet, every minute. The stock in this enterprise is owned largely by Casper and Douglas people, who believe that through it the question of irrigating Platt bottom lands has been solved. The game of football Saturday forenoon between Douglas and Chadron teams re­ sulted in a victory for our visitors by a score of fifteen points to nothing. The game of quoits for which a purse of $75 was hung up was witnessed by a large crowd of interested spectators. Mr. George Walkenshaw, of Glenrock, who is the champion of the world, won first on a score of twenty-one, and in the finals for second Noah Young won over John Miller by a score of twenty-one to nineteen. The Militia broke camp Thursday, and the northern boys left for home that af­ ternoon, the balance remaining until next day. The Tenth cavalry, who thanks to Major Read and his staff, contributed so much toward the success of the fair and whose courtesies will be long remembered, set out for Port Robinson Saturday morn­ ing. The State Teachers association, at the close of a very interesting and profitable two-days’ session, elected as officers for the ensuing year, president, C. R. Atkin­ son, of Sheridan; secretary, Miss Effie Cumming, of Casper; treasurer, Miss Alice M. Sampson, of Cheyenne. The joint institute of Converse and Natrona counties was voted a success, and the plans will probably be followed next year again. In connection with the work of these bodies, addresses were made by Governor Brooks, Superintendent Tisdell and Dr. Brown. Resolutions of thanks were passed by unanimous vote, compli­ menting and thanking the retiring offi­ cers of the association, the people of Doug­ las, the speaker, and Rev. Tancock for the use of the church. The livestock sale was something of a disappointment to both the public and the promoters—owing doubtless to the fact that it was the first, and more or less an experiment. Fair prices were realized on what was offered, however. The sale of the Jesurun herd was accomplished by assignee Morton at good figures. 9 Secretary Collins, of the Pair commis­ sion, announced that premiums awarded will be paid just as soon as they can be reached. Several hundred checks must be made out, however, and these sent to Treasurer Campbell at Glendo for signa­ ture, so that it will be ten days probably before they can be mailed to individuals. A Carnival at Midwest Pqr the first time in the history of the Home Camp, a carnival pitched its tents here. The Clark Carnival Company hav­ ing approached the management with a fair proposition, the proceeds to go to the “Yellow Dogs,” Big Boy Scouts of Mid­ west, permission was granted by Vicepresident Ellison, and the company gave an exhibition from July 21 to July 25 in­ clusive. Arrangements were made where­ by coupons were accepted by all the at­ tractions and concessions, a convenience which was appreciated by the employees. The features were good and clean, and the attendance, considering all the counter attractions, was all that could be expected. The carnival company put up a cash guar­ antee of $400.00 in place of the usual per­ centage, but the receipts exceeded the amount that would earn that much com­ mission if figured the usual way, conse­ quently the Big Boy Scouts received as their share an amount in excess of the guarantee. The relations of the carnxval manage­ ment and the representatives of the Boy Scouts were most pleasant, but from the standpoint of the owners erf carnival at­ tractions, two incidents occurred which took some of the joy from their lives. The carnival wrestler was defeated by our local star. Tommy Tomlinson pf Lewis Camp, in 33 minutes, and the forfeit and side bet was paid. The lady rifle expert offered $25.00 to any one who could dup­ licate her feat of shooting two rifles in crossed arms, both scoring a bull’s eye, and one of our crack shots stepped up and demonstrated his ability to claim the money to the satisfaction of every one, except the unfortunate owner of the con­ cession, who wondered how a man of such skill could be working in the oil flelds. She didn’t know we have “well shooters” here. �10 THE MIDWEST REVIEW �14 THE MIDWEST REVIEW Wyoming—Its Meaning, Origin and Application By John E. Bees* The first race of people to occupy the tribes inhabiting the Great Basin while the country which afterwards became known Nahautl included all those inhabiting Mexico as the State of Wyo­ down to and including ming was a member of the valley of Mexico. A Historian Passes the Shoshonean-NaThe Wind River *John E. Rees, hautl family of the country of western the a u t h o r of Amerindoid stock'. this valuable Wyoming is visited by contribution to This family was a continual and prev­ the annals of western history, evolved and developed alent southwest wind was a pioneer of Idaho and a along the Rocky Moun­ from whence it derives high type of tain system as that American citi­ its name'. This windy zen. On June range was formed and condition made the 11, 1927, he sent the accompany ­ grew geologically-. The country bleak in places ing paper to the and produced turbu­ probabilities are very Editor, the friendship be­ lent waters over the great that this was one tween them be­ ing of long lakes and ruffled the of the places where standing, and it streams into falls, human beings first de­ then was the intention of publishing it In The Mid­ veloped on this con­ rapids and swells, a west Review at the first opportunity. Mr. Rees passed away in September condition which the tinent and, perhaps, of 1928, and it is with regret that it has Shoshoni termed the earth’’. There are not been published before this time, so as to have added during his lifetime ‘ ‘ Washakeek ’ ’, mean­ several centers from another of his fine contributions of ing wasters shooting and which the Amerind de­ this nature. Mr. Rees enjoyed a nationwide reputation as an author­ dropping. Por this velop. The center ity on Indian Sign Language and In­ dian Lore, and also was as well versed reason the western part from which the Shoin the history of western America as shonean family de­ of Wyoming is known are many leaders now in that line. He was the author of many historic as “Washakeek’”*. veloped was in the monographs, particularly those relatWind River country'. ing to the origin of the names of The next people to “Oregon,” “Idaho,” and “Utah”, and The artifacts of their take up their abode in with this was completed the fourth, “Wyoming,” now published for the primitive civilization Wyoming w ere the first time. An intensely valuable pub­ have been found in lication for which he was best known “ Shy-en-nah ”, a tribe in his state, was “Idaho, Chronology, western Wyoming on of the Algonquain, the Nomenclature, Bibliography.” Mr. Rees was a native of DuQuoin, Ills., the headwaters of the largest family of In­ born January 17, 1868. With his Yellowstone and in the dians on the North parents he moved to Lemhi County, Idaho In 1877, and aside from a period Bighorn and Wind American continent; when he attended university at Val­ River valleys". Prom paraiso, Indiana, as a student, his en­ the Siouau, being sec­ tire life was spent near Salmon City. this center spread the ond ; Shoshonean, Fo’’ seventeen years he lived at Lemhi Indian agency during which period Comanche, east and third; they occupied Mr. Rees made an exhaustive study south; the Ute, west the greater part of of the western Indians and their ways. He was an attorney, and practiced his and south; the Sho­ eastern Wyoming and profession in his home community; he shoni, west and north; served in the state senate and the after about 1800 began lower house of the Idaho leaislature the Tukuarika, north­ to come in contact with for several terms. Early Western His­ tory was his pastime and he lived to ward; and the Moqui, the Shoshonis of the enjoy that phase of his life. In order southward®. Prom to follow his bent in later years, he western part. The taught history in the Salmon hiah these all other ShoShoshonis called them school. He is survived by a widow shonean tribes were de­ and one son, both now residing in “ P a w k - a -naw-vo ’ California, and to them we now rived. So, at the ad­ meaning painted ar­ acknowledge a deep aopreciation of the privilege of publishina what is vent of man upon the rows in allusion to oerhaps the last monog^'ach of this western continent the nature that Mr. Rees had written. their use of the striped Shoshonean family —EDITOR turkey feather on their constituted all the arrows’. �THE MIDWEST REVIEW 13 �THE MIDWEST BETIEW 15 Qrave5 in Fremonh Count)? oP ti^o Famouj ■' ’ * Indians -* ■< Ijr^ BB ■ ■B OraiPe of SfieajaWen . '"■■■*< ■ Graine of Chief^aihafie ■ ■ While the name “Wyoming” is of In­ dian origin yet it was not designated for or by any tribe inhabiting its territory. The appellation came from the Lenape or Delaware Indian language. It is derived from the words “Muh-ehu”, meaning tlte end and “Wau-Mic”, plains or “Muh-chuwau-mic”, the end of the plains^'*. The Lenape Indians occupied, aboriginally, the valley of the Delaware river and when that stream was named in honor of Lord Dela­ ware the appellation was attached to them and they were henceforth called “Dela­ ware” Indians”. In the western part of the State of Delaware is an elevated table­ land forming the water shed between the Delaware and Chesapeake bays. This water­ shed was the original home of the Lenape Indians and as it marked the end of the Atlantic Coast plains, they called it “Muhchu-wau-mic”, meaning the end of the plfiTnE'E This name has undergone an etymological change into the euphonious word, “Wyoming” which we now have. In 1742, the Lenapes were crowded out of their possessions along the Delaware and removed to the Susquehanna river and on a small tributary of that stream, where the level country gave way to the hills, they named the place in likeness to their original home, “Wyoming”. This is the Wyoming of colonial history'^. Crossing the Alleghany mountains, they were settled upon a tract of land in Ohio under the treaty of 1795, and here on a small stream flowing into the Ohio river at Cin­ cinnati, another home was established and called “Wyoming”''. These Indians were then pushed across the Mississippi rivet''" and in 1829 given and guaranteed all the country lying be­ tween the Missouri and Kansas rivers, ex­ tending north to the Kansas line'**. Within this territory and on a small stream which flows into the Black Vermilion and thence into the Big Blue river, in Marshall county, Kansas, they established a home for the fourth time and called it “Wyoming’”’. �iii- 16 THE MIDWEST They remained here until 1866, when they were removed to their final home with the Cherokees in Indian territory, now Okla­ homa’**. In their Kansas home near what is now Bigelow they were located on what was afterwards developed as the “Oregon” trail which was, at this place, formed by the junction of the roads coming up from Independence, Missouri and across from Leavenworth, Kansas’", and lived here dur­ ing all the western emigration of the ’30’s, ’40’s, ’50’s and ’60’s. There are several other places in the United States possessing the name “Wyoming” and they have been so called by emigrants from one of these localities"". " In quest of furs, the Delawares traversed much of the interior country"’. The Platte river was their natural route into the Rocky mountains and when they had proceeded upstream to its head tributaries, where the plains ceased and the mountains began, they once more applied the home name “Wyoming” to the surrounding country, meaning the end of the plains, alluding in this case, to the Great Plains of the United States. Knowing the country so well, mem­ bers of this tribe oftimes acted as guides and helpers to fur companies, emigrants and people going into the mountains, by which means they made known the name “Wyoming” and it became a familiar appellation"". The name “Wyoming” for this particu­ lar geographical section became so preva­ RE 1- 1 E IV lent that when the first bill was introduced into Congress, in 1865, to form this region into a territory, the word and its connec­ tion to this particular topography was quite well understood by all"'* and it eventually became the name of the present State of Wyoming. The first name, “Washakeek” that was ever applied to any portion of the country survives, only, in the name “Washakie”, meaning the chief of the Washakeek band. Footnotes and Explanatory (Note; In view of the importance of the foregoing paper, and the care exercised by Mr. Rees in giving the authorities, the same are given herewith as he had submitted them. It makes a splendid bibliography bearing' on this subject and one which our readers undoubtedly will be glad to have should they desire to make further research into the subject.—EDITOR.) ’—Kroeber, American Archaeology and Ethnology, IV, 164. Brinton, The American Race, 118. Rees, Idaho, Chronology, Nomenclature and Bibliography. 2—Bancroft, History oj the Pacific States, XXV, 325. —Pierson & Schuchert, Text-Book oi Geology, 1915, II, 962, 976. *—Bancroft, History of the Pacific States, XXV, 673. ®—Norris, Fifth Annual Report, Yellowstone National Park, 32-8. ®—Hodge, Handbook of North American Indians, II, 555. —Chittenden, American Fur Trade, II, 733. Irving, Astoria, 1836, I, 278. *—Stuart, Montana As It Is, Note 53. ®—Hodge, Handbook of North American Indians, I, 251. ’•’—Ibid, II, 278. Ibid, I. 385. —Winston, Cumulative Loose-Leaf Encyclopaedia, III, Dela­ ware. ’’—Hodge, Handbook of North American Indians, II, 978. —Royce, Indian Land Cessions, 654. Rand, McNally & Co., Universal Atlas, 1902, 35. —Jackson, A Century of Dishonor, 48. —Royce, Indian Land Cessions, 724. —Rand, McNally & Co., World Atlas, 1882, 717. —Royce, Indian Land Cessions, 840. —Chittenden. American Fur Trade, I, 465. —Upham, Minnesota Geographic Names, 110. —Jackson, A Century of Dishonor, 50-52. “—Irving, Adventures of Captain Bonneville, 1850, 94. —Bancroft, History of the Pacific States, XXV, 739. FORT LARAMIE Famed as a fur trading post and rendezvous for Indian Treaties as it appeared to Fremont in 1842, later rebuilt and made into a military post during Oregon Trail days. . -. ...PtMT-aMrlMitlnir t- ___ �THE MIDWEST REVIEW 15 The Natural Resources of Wyoming • Bn Bernice Berry Wyoming is a magnificent Empire where soil, water, sunshine, minerals, and oils united in making this state one of the most productive areas of the Rocky Mountain region, and where faithful citizens have built prosperous cities, towns, and com­ munities. In 1868 when Wyoming was admitted as a territory little thought was given to the values contained in the vast plains called Wyoming. Since then many valuable assets of the state have been revealed. To­ day Wyoming provides grazing ground for millions of head of livestock and soil for extensive agricultural development, while under its surface valuable minerals have been discovered. Industries of many kinds are now established and new ones are continually enlarging the long list. The best scenic places and out-of-door ad­ vantages of the state are visited by a great many people from all over the United States. There is still much to learn of the great commonwealth of our state. With the establishment of the territorial government began the great development of the basic industry of Wyoming—that of raising livestock. Great herds of buffalo and other wild grazing animals had lived upon the grasses found on the plains and mountains. The same plains were found to afford the best grazing ground for cat­ tle and sheep. The Indian’s pony gradu­ ally found its place by the sturdy mount of the cowboy, and within a quarter of a century Wyoming became a leader in the production of beef, wool, and mutton. During later territorial days the establish­ ment of ranches for growing winter feed for livestock was introduced. On July 10th, 1890, the Territory of Wyoming was admitted by Congress as a state of the same name—Wyoming. This new chapter in Wyoming’s prog­ ress may be considered as the closing of adventures and romance of pioneer days. Changing conditions did not, however, block the course of the fundamental indus­ try of livestock-raising. ♦This story won first award for g’irls in contest for The Ellison Awards.—The Editor. At one time the typical cowman and sheep-owner thought of Wyoming only as a ranching state and could little picture our present state with its cultivated fields, flour mills, sugar refineries, canning fat, tories, and other advanced agricultural in­ dustries. A part of Wyoming will always remain as range country, but some of its richer range country has been converted into satisfactory farming land. The value of farm crops in 1928 proved their success and equaled the value of livestock sold. Farming is practiced profitably in Wy­ oming, both by irrigating the farms and by dry farming. Under irrigation, fine crops of alfalfa, sugar beets, beans, pota­ toes, corn, vegetables, and small grains are raised. Forty-five thousand acres of sugar beets were grown in 1928 to supply the state’s four sugar refineries. A fifth sugar mill is now under construction at AVheatland this year. With an acreage of 22,000 in 1928, dried beans brought nearly $1,200,000 to their producers. Dry farms are now in use in the eastern part of the state. They produce good harvests of al­ falfa, wheat, oats, barley, corn, potatoes, and various grasses. The abundant sun­ shine and other climate conditions furnish a better quality of product, therefore we receive a better price. The dairy industry also has its proper place in agricultural development. The thousands of head of dairy stock have brought their producers an ever increasing profit up in the millions of dollars. Ilogs have brought a profitable return, too. Wy­ oming is not thought of as a honey state but in 1928 nearly 3,000,000 pounds of honey were produced. Turkeys alone brought $1,000,000. The yearly output of eggs and poultry is worth about $3,000,000. In the recording of our agricultural de­ velopment, it is important to take into con­ sideration that there are only 250,000 peo­ ple in the state. The previous figures are more outstanding when the relation is shown between them and the population. The value of the mineral resources of Wyoming has reached the enormous sum of $150,000,000,000. This seems a large �16 THE M1DWE8T figure but if you consider when mineral development began, it is a more reasonable sum. Coal mining has been a leading in­ dustry of the state for many years. The production during the last decade is an extremely high number of tons. Wyoming leads all other states in coal reserves. Mar­ kets are the largest problem now. AVyoming is also rich in iron. With the Seminoe district in the central part of the state, the reserves of iron are estimated at about five hundred million tons. The greatest developing mineral asset of the state at this time lies in its rich oil production. Eventually the black oils of AVyoming will become of greater value to the industry and to the state, but as it is, they can best be left in the ground except for some small present use as road oil, as­ phalt, and fuel oil. Its high sulphur con­ tent and the lack of gasoline make it unfit for the present markets, for it is now too costly to refine and compete with light oils at present prices. The value of nearly 30,000,000 barrels of crude oil produced in 1925 was $50,000,000. Due to low price and the closing down of oil fields in 1928 the production had dropped to 21,000,000 barrels. The Salt Creek Field, greatest light oil field in the world, located forty-five miles from Casper, Wyoming, is operated under most efficient methods. Gas pressures are preserved to force the oil from the sands, thus preventing water from entering the sands. Many of the fine highways and public schools would not be possible if it were not for the production of petroleum. Eleven National Forest Reserves of over 8,500,000 acres are in this state. These re­ serves furnish large amounts of merchant­ able timber. BEVIEW Wyoming is outstanding for its scenic attractions. The great Yellowstone Na­ tional Park, recognized as the greatest natural wonderland and summer play­ ground in the world, may be considered to head the scenic attractions of the state. The Park is in nearly the same condition that it was in previous years, therefore it is the place where man and nature come closer together and I think it will always be held priceless for this one purpose. Much development has taken place in four or five centers of attraction of the Yel­ lowstone. The lake, the canyon, the for­ ests, and the waterfalls are some of the Park’s earliest features but many new ones, such as the “1928 Geyser” have sprung up in unexpected places. Old Faithful Geyser is the biggest attraction of the Yellowstone. Every summer thousands of Eastern tenderfeet get a rare glimpse of the AVest —of vast areas, of cowmen and wranglers, of bucking bronchos and rodeos. There are now located in AVyoming about one hundred ‘ ‘ Dude ’ ’ Ranches. These ranches are maintained by old time AA^esterners. These “Dude” Ranches are summer homes for the man who seeks adventure like that of the rough cowboy days of old. AHsualize the total amount of the re­ sources of the state, and you will see Wy­ oming as a common-wealth now making good progress in the development of her extensive resources and with a future of more wealth than previously secured. Sources of Material and Statistics: 1. 2. 3. 4. Frank C. Emerson. “Wyoming's Resource As­ sets.’’ Midwest Refining Co., Midwest, Wyom­ ing, July and August. 1929. Bancroft. “The History of Oil.’’ XXV. Hodge. “Handbook of North American Indians.’’ R. H. Alcorn. “Wyoming’s Advantages.’’ Wy­ oming Press Association. Cheyenne, Wyoming, Jan., 1930. �April, 1932 THE VOICE OF THE SPORTSMAN Page S Scenic Beauties of the CHest By ALFRED I. MOKLER PALISADES OF THE WIND RIVER. Looking Northeasterly from Brooks Lake. One of the many charming spots in the Rocky Mountains. Courtesy of Alfred J. Mokler’s “Transition of the West. Words are inadequate to properly describe the wonderful scenic beauties of the West. The rugg-ed mountains, mighty plains, dense forests, pictur­ esque lakes, marvelous geysers, snow-capped peaks, petrified forests, great glaciers, marvelous hot springs, and above all the glorious sunsets, must be seen to be fully appreciated. In the spring and early summer months the vast undulating plains are covered with verdure and adorned with a great variety of wild flowers, re­ sembling the green waves and white-capped swells of the sea; along the banks of the mountain streams there is a fringe of timber; the foothills are covered with dense green forests, and the summits of the mountains, some of which are covered with eternal snow, stretch out like a long, low line of white clouds along the western sky. In the fall of the year the leaves on the trees are to purple, red and 'gold, of the most beautiful hues, the grass and flow­ ers of the plains have changed to gray and in the winter months the whole is covered with the white shroud of snow. Volumes have been written about these wonderful attractions, and after the first visit among them there is instilled in the human breast always to return, and after having re­ sided here for a time, few people are satisfied to live any place else. The world’s greatest natural wonders and most beautiful scenery are in the Rocky Mountain Coun­ try. More healthful attractions, alluring forests and streams for the pleasure-seeker and inviting pros­ pects for varied industries are here than in any other region in the world. A vast and rich territory, which, less than 100 years ago was a wilderness, inhabitated only by wild animals and hostile Indians and almost impenetrable by white man, now contains ten millions of people who have builded for them­ selves pleasant homes and modern, thriving cities Of this country it may be truly said: “The wilder­ ness has blossomed like a rose and the waste places have been made glad by the industry of civilized man. ’ The Indians called these mountains and valleys and plains their “La-no-wa,” meaning the land of the road to paradise. The white man has made the In­ dian s La-no-wa a land of peace and plenty. The Far-Famed Tetons The far-famed Teton range, lying south of the y ellowstone National Park, presents a splendid and magnificent piece of scenery. The “Three Tetons” are culminating points of this Alpine range and the mountains is the Grand Teton, which pierces the blue sky with an altitude of 13 747 ^et. Of the mighty and majestic Tetons, Hiram M Chittenden presents this beautiful pen pictureH '' ill FT'TTilf ili'liBiiiibb i " �capacity, when pr(\periy MHHMMIIHHgMkiaSHHW fished. A recent sih;;^vey . | of Nebraska t r dtU t streams showed th'^t ’ the beautifl the necessity of 1^™^SigJtwe®™ proving natural conaP^^ than\hTneJd fo? restoci\ing, and the remits will be better in proportion to th^ effort expendefci. Good Results With Little Effort The winter months offer^n excellent opportuniy to improve streams conditions by building retards and dams, which serve sevei^al to aerate the water, vary tho„ speed of the cu"e to form deep pools, to increase food suppb and to help prevent erosion of creek banks. The cost of construction of the retards will vary with stream conditions. By caref^ul selection of the retards there are few streams which cannot be nroved at a minimum of cost and\labor. r' P In the spring of 1930, the State o| Nebraska Game Forestration and Parks Commissi^ StS construction of a number of retards along Sted Creek in Holt County and on the Verchgres Cre^k in Antelope County. The condition ,of the streains had become such that there was littU food or coi e left Stock had trampled down the banks and oxer hanging grass and shrubs which furnished food and shelter the trout. Obstructions of naany different kinds were used. Brush, logs ^tumps ^nd old trees ■ such as willow, which have little valine as fuel o ^^*Trees ^were felled so that their tops\were down stream, the butts were wired to tree number 9 wire. They were sP fastened Jhat fihe ed dies formed by them would wash outi holes and create pools. In some places? a tree was ^stened on either side of the stream and,tops were tied toget, thus forming a deep, narrow channel, which afford ed excellent places for fish to hide, and ^eed on the ‘"Tstill different type of dam was made by laymg ----- several logs lengthwise inffhe stream, and^ on these were laid logs crosswise in the stream with their butts buried in the bank. The purpose of the length- ^l,e”»t^'«^^kes to ; ; ' e■ .et a will beat this range , • j i ^.^rrel and the As to accuracy the the world .30-06 cartridge are the.most^ccut LT %t°'cl,”i:'':be‘’re';?Sa’ and see ^ba. the believe this cnecK n cbnots and Camp boys are shooting at your about the super­ Perry. You are going to ask accurate 22 long rif taro-et rifles with hand really good one) an som g ranges loads, but remember 1 saicl irom to 1,200 yards. I. wH, pay the sman bore jho»tor‘o take a ^ood look at the new Lyman 48 J rear signi ____ _______ . Tur__ 1 1 rn — �May, 1932 THE VOICE OF THE SPORTSMAN Page 7 Scenic Beauties of the West Ry ALFRED J. MOKLER Mr. Mokler’s graphic description of western wonders is continued from the April number of this magazine THE FAR-FAMED TETON MOUNTAINS, VIEWED FROM THE EAST SIDE OF JACKSON LAKE. THE MOST BEAUTIFUL SCENERY IN THE WORLD IS IN AND AROUND THESE “ALPS OF AMERICA.” (NOTE THE FACE OF THE DOG IN THE PEAK TO THE EXTREME RIGHT.) —Courtesy of Alfred J. Mokler’s “Transition of the West” The Yellowstone National Park The Yellowstone National park is the wonderland of the West. With its geysers, boiling pools, cav­ erns, terraces, petrified forests marvelous hot springs, mud volcanoes, crystal lakes, lofty moun­ tains, beautiful streams—with their wonderful cas­ cades and waterfalls—-dense forests, the home of birds, elk, deer, bear, moose, buffalo, beaver, moun­ tain sheep, and other wild animals of many kinds, attracts hundreds of thousands of people from all parts of the world, and it is undoubtedly the bestknown national park in America. This park is sixty-two miles long and fifty-four miles wide, giving an area of 3,348 square miles, or 2,142,720 acres. It is located in northwestern Wyoming, encroach­ ing slightly upon Montana and Idaho; 3,114 miles, or 1,992,962 acres being in Wyoming; 198 square miles, or 125,720 acres in Montana, and thirty-six square miles, or 23,020 acres in Idaho. It has an average elevation of about 8,000 feet above the sea level. The entire region is volcanic, and is remark­ able for its hot water phenomena. The internal heat of the earth which approaches close to the surface causes the geysers to play at quite regular intervals. For many years the geyser known as Old Faithful has played with an average regularity of every sixty-five minutes, and some of the quite small ones play every few minutes, while some of the larger ones play at irregular intervals of days, weeks or months. There are hundreds of small, bub­ bling hot springs in this park which throw water from two to three feet in the air from once to three times a minute; these springs are really small, im­ perfectly formed geysers. The action of the geysers, which are regarded with wonder by many people, is caused by water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subter­ ranean springs collecting in the bottom of the gey­ ser’s crater, down among the strata of immense heat, which becomes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, which is a prelude to the playing, or spouting of the geyser. When the water at the bottom reaches so great an expansion under continued heat that the less heated water above can n.b longer weigh it down. �Page 8 THE VOICE OF THE SPORTSMAN May, 1932 it bursts upward with great violence, rising at quite they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which a distance in the air and continues to play until jut high rocky prominences. Sometimes they lie in practically all the W’ater in the crater has been huge hollows carved from the sidewalls. Here and expelled. The water, which cools after coming in there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for contact with the air, falls back to the ground and hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. again seeps through the surface to gather as before “And the whole is colored as brokenly and vividly in the crater’s depth, and in a greater or less time, as the field of a kaliedoscope. The whole is streaked accor ding to and spotted difficulities in and stratified the way of its in every shade return, be­ from the deep­ comes heated est orange to to the bursting the faintest point, when lemon ; from the geyser deepest crim­ spouts again. son through all These hot wa­ the grays and ter formations pearls to glis­ and spouting tening white. spouting gey­ The greens arc sers are interfurnished by esting ankl the dark pines beautiful to above, the look upon. But lighter shades more beautiful of growth and awe-in­ caught here spiring is the and there in Grand Canyon soft masses on of the Yellow­ the gentler stone, a scenic slopes and the feature of mar­ foaming green velous hue and of the plung­ coloring. ing river far Quoting from below. The a publication blues, ever tion of the In­ changing, are terior Depart­ found in the ment : “The dome of the Grand Canyon sky overhead. of the Yellow­ “It is a spec­ stone affords a tacle which spectacle wor­ one looks up­ thy of a na­ on in silence.” tional park But the gey­ where there sers and cas­ are no geysers. cades and falls Standing upon are by no I n s piration means all the Point, which wonders of the pushes out al­ park. The fos­ most to the sil, or petrified center of the forests, which canyon, one are said to seems to look cover more almost verti­ than 35,000 cally down up­ “CHIMNEY ROCK,’’ AS SEEN FROM THE EAST ENTRANCE TO THE YELLOWSTONE acres, contain NATIO.NAL PARK on the foam­ many trunks ing Yellowand branches stone river. To the south a waterfall twice the of trees which thousands of years ago were alive height of Niagara rushes seemingly out of the pine­ and green as are the trees in the park today. “Trav­ clad hills and pours downward to be lost again in ersing the valley of the Lamar river one may see green. From that point two or three miles to where at many places numerous upright fossil trunks in you stand and beneath you widens out the most the faces of nearly vertical walls. These trunks are glorious kaliedoscope of color you will ever see in not all at a particular level, but occur at irregular nature. The steep slopes, dropping on either side heights; in fact, a section cut down through these a thousand feet and more from the pine-towered 2,000 feet of beds would disclose a succession of levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted fossil forests. That is to say, after the first forest by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes grew and . was entpmbed there was a time without �May, 1932 THE VOICE OF THE SPORTSMAN Page 9 volcanic outburst—a period long enough-to permit Outdoor Playgrounds a second forest to grow above the first. This in turn was covered by volcanic material and pre­ The grandeur and fastnesses of any and all of served, to be followed again by a period of quiet, these ranges of mountains in the midwest of the and these more or less regular alternations of vol­ Continent appeals to those who are seeking rest, canism and forest growth continued throughout the recreation and re-creation of nerves and body, and time the beds were in process of formation. Geo­ every summer many visitors find their way to the logical change.s are exceedingly slow. No geologist timber-clad hills and snow-capped peaks, where would dare predict that a few thousand years from they forget their business cares and enjoy fishing now the present forests of Yellowstone park may lie and hunting during the day, a hearty supper and a buried under another layer of lava on top of which tranquillizing pipe in the evening, a sound sleep may flourish a new Yellowstone.” during the night, and a sunny disposition and con­ The first American to enter the region of this park tented mood in the morning. These are the great ■was John Colter of Saint Louis, but he received outdoor playgrounds where nature has been undis­ little credit for his discoveries. He was in the em­ turbed by the hand of man and people come to visit ploy of Manuel them from eve­ Lisa, a fur trad­ ry state in the er, in the sumunion, and m e r of 1807, many come here and when they from Europe to reached the remain during mouth of the the summer Big Horn river, months. The Lisa sent Colter snow-storms of out to inform the late spring the Indians that and early fall he was in their are somewhat country and of a handicap, wished to trade but the snows of with them. Colwinter must ter traveled melt and the more than 500 flowers of sum­ miles, crossing mer must with­ the Wind river er, in the moun­ and the Teton tains as well as mountains, go­ in the valleys, ing through and the people what was after­ who camp in wards known as the mountains Union, but now must prepare a Two - gwo - tee shelter for bad Pass, and trav­ MAMMOTH CAMP FROM TERRACES. THIS IS YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK weather if they eled diagonally HEADQUARTERS go in the early across what is —Photo by Haynes, St. Louis spring or expect now the Yellow­ , , . , ,, T • remain until stone Park. (To-go-te, or Two-gwo-tee, was a late in the fall. In midsummer the splendor of the mountain Shoshone, or sheep eater Indian, the name climate is beyond adequate description; the morn­ meaning in the Shoshone Indian language, a spear. ings and evenings are always cool and the middle To-go-te and one or two others of his clan, being of the day is pleasant; extreme heat is seldom more familiar with the mountain passes than other known, and the cool, refreshing temperature is Shoshones, were designated by Chief Washakie to enjoyed; the sky is of a deep blue color and in the guide President Chester A. Arthur and his party evenings the sunsets are magnificent. from Fort Washakie to the Yellowstone National During your travels you find many canyons and Park in 1883. Since that time the trail they traveled chasms. Ihey are deep and dark and dangerous to over the divide has been called To-go-te Pass.) descend, and there are also monstrous rocks that When Colter told his companions of the hissing rise like walls of the skyscrapers of the large cities. sounds of the hot water emitting from the earth, of When you return to your camp after a day’s ex­ the spouting springs, the roaring falls, the wonder­ plorations and have finished your plainly-cooked ful lake and the many other wonders of this region, but wholesome supper and sit around the camp fire they considered his yarns as one of their own kind m the evening enjoying your pipe your are undis­ and did not believe him. After returning to his turbed with the thoughts of commercialism or so­ home in Saint Louis, he told of his discoveries to cial contests. A mountain fire need be your only explorers and historians, but they did not take him fear. These fires are caused only by the careless seriously and it was not until many years later that or inexperienced camper, but when once started tliey cause more damage and are more dangerous explorers entered into the region and found all that than a prairie fire. The rushing blasts which roar Colter had related to be true. wX «‘’‘‘"'S and find their way to the deep gorges. The crash of the fallen trees, tumbling from crags and precipices, the lick­ ing flames and clouds of dense smoke is a sight that never can be forgotten. Frequent but briS raim storms come hurrying past amLrage with great fory or a short time, and then pass off, leaving even­ thing fresh, calm and serene restful and rapturous to hear �for a short time, and then pass off, leaving every­ thing fresh, calm and serene. It is truly delightful, restful and rapturous to hear the song of the birds, to behold the verdure of the valley and the grove, the beautiful clouds, and the glowing rays of the sunset, all of which gladdens the heart and brings contentment to the mind. Imangine yourself, you who do not know the wonder of the West, standing upon the spur of some granite range that rises several thousand feet above the plains; back of you and above you are the mountains; before you and below you lies the world. In the distance to the north and west more than a hundred miles away, rises groups of snow­ capped peaks through air so clear you see the shad­ ows on them. Between you and these snow-capped peaks, and to the far West there are miles upon miles of the plains; league upon league they stretch away to the shifting elusive horizon, and mile upon mile beyond that, hidden only by the curve of the earth itself. Here and there a tiny blur, detected in the midst of their color, rises the smoke from the engine of some loaded train following its thread of steel across the emptiness, yet no sound of man comes to your silence. Wheel and whistle are lost in the mightiness below you. Vast, sunlit, frail, the peopled world is airy as a dream. So dreamlike are its colors, so fleeting that you find yourself holding your breath lest it vanish quite away. It is a land of color, and the masses of stone which form the bleak cliff, spire and gorge seem to vary in tint and hue, the prevailing ashy gray changing at dawn and twi­ light by the sun's rays, which transforms them into glowing masses of rose and red, making a harmon­ ious contrast with the vivid greens of grassland along the foothills. But the deserts of the far West show the utter­ most glory of color. Crimson and dun and blue, rifted with the golden sands of some dried water­ course, far and away stretch the desert flowers, the white skies over them and always the mountain purple and lavender beyond their horizons. Deeper become the colors; richer, more luminous as the westward miles are traversed, until one catches up with the sunset. The loneliness and mystery of the West, as well as its color, are in the desert. The desert loneliness is not that of the prairies, that seem free from the tread of human foot since the world began, but is a loneliness forever bur­ dened with a sense of haunting, vanished races. Vanished races have been there; their trail is worn across the painted desert; some of them are nestling in the crannies of the cliffs, but trail and home have nothing to do with the sense of their presence in the land; it is felt, not inferred. But with all this vast waste of land, with all the mystery and loneliness it creates to look upon it, there dwells a spirit that once it has touched the wanderer, leaves him home­ less in other places forever after. Much of the old wilderness is practically un­ changed. The mountains are the same, except that the menacing Indians are gone and men of science are free to come into them and locate the rich min­ eral deposits that have been hidden there for thou­ sands of years; artists and poets may come and seek inspiration in them; the overworked and weary busines tnan may leave the turmoil of the city and in these enchanting, soul-inspiring giants of rfature of matchless grandeur, find quietude and a variety of scenery that will satisfy the mind and relax his tightened nerves. With the thousands of prosperous cities and 10,000,000 progressive people in the valleys, with this free, health-giving, God-loving country, transformed from a desert waste to a land of plenty, reclaimed from barbarism to civilization, surely it was not against the will of God that the white man should incite this glorious Transition of the West. �Page 10 THE VOICE OF THE SPORTSMAN May, 1932 H Day s Runt in the Long Hgo Ry DR. FRED HORTON In the early Nineties, antelope in countless thou­ sands roamed the prairies of northeastern Wyo­ ming. It was not unusual to see them in sight of town, I have gone out in the early dawn on my faithful hunting horse and would be back with my antelope in time for breakfast with the family. At that time the season was open from January first to December thirty-first. Where game wfis abundant predatory animals, such as the grey wolf, coyote and bobcat lived and thrived abundantly on'the game and livestock. Usually my two buddies, Al, Put, and myself, hunted together and a finer pair of buddies no man ever had. Thanks to the early training of our fath­ ers we had been taught to never waste game or fish. I don’t think that any one of us ever wasted an edible piece of a game animal. However, I have seen sportsmefi, so called, cut off the saddles of their antelope and leave the rest of the careass for the coyotes. We never hunted antelope in the summer time with the exception of one day. An antelope is at his prime 'for eating purposes along about the first of June, Then the bucks are fat, lazy and juicy. The three families could dis­ pose of this one animal before any of the me-at would spoil and no meat would be wasted. Then we \ laid off on the antelope until fall when we went on our annual hunt which usually lasted for a week or ten days of glorious hunting and camping. In pursuance of our usual custom we planned for a day’s hunt early in June. Shells were loaded (in those days we loaded our own rifle shells), lunch put up and alarm clocks set for two A. M. We wanted to get out in the antelope country by day­ light as the first two hours of daylight are worth all of the balance of the day for hunting antelope and daylight comes very early in this latitude. I had developed a strong desire to capture a young antelope for a pet for my young son, then three or four years of age and hoped to accomplish the feat on this trip. There is probably no wild ani­ mal that is easier to tame and domesticate than the young antelope. Within forty-eight hours after you put one on the bottle he is yours entirely and will follow you any place but he requires about the same care in feeding that does a babe of his age. We retired early, full of hope and anticipation. A few minutes before two my door bell rang. I jumped up with a muttered exclamation, of “There goes my hunt,’’ and with further exclamations on the way to the door, which my wife declared sounded like swear words, I found a young man who said, “My brother is very sick and we want you to come right out and see him.” My heart missed a few beats but I said, “Where do you live?” He said, “Out on Oil crefek.” My heart came back with a snap; that waS-. within a half mile of where we expected to start our^, hunt. Every thing was looking auspicious. ’■ This was long before the advent of the automo­ bile. Our equipment for travel consisted of a single, light top buggy and our three saddle horses. I hastily hitched the horse to the buggy and, leaving the other boys to bring the saddle horses, I drove to the home of the sick boy and by the time the boys arrived I had the lad attended to and made comfortable and was ready for the hunt. We drove down to the ranch about a half mile, where we were to leave the buggy and take to our horses, but here we discovered that Put had pulled one of his not infrequent boners. He had the bad habit, when starting on a hunt, of forgeting either his gun or his ammunition. This time he had for­ gotten both. We sent him back to the home where I had visited the sick boy to borrow a rifle and Al and I rode up on the top of the ridge to await his return. From this ridge, where we were reclining, there was spread out before us one of the most beautiful panoramas that the eye of man has ever beheld. To the east some twenty miles away the morning sun was just tinging the highest pinnacles of the beautiful Black Hills, painting each spire in colors of red, gold and blues, while to the west as far as the eye could see, rolled the undulating prairies clothed in soft grasses of early summer and dotted with the most gorgeous display of wild flowers in a riot of all the colors of the rainbow. It was good just to be alive on such a morning and brought to mind the words of the poet, “Where every prospect pleases and only man is vile.” We were soon brought to our feet by a flash of brown and white, where Put on his way back had flushed a doe and fawn who were heading our way. We hastily mounted and the chase was on. The fawn gave us a hard race for a mile or two but soon began to tire and we picked him up. Object number one accomplished within one hour. Then for the buck. Following down the ridge for a short dis­ tance, we spied a fat buck, some two hundred yards away lying down on a side hill taking a siesta. As there was no cover whereby we might approach closer, we decided to all take a shot at him together. With the usual result of such tactics, we all missed. After watching the buck disappear in the distance, we turned around to retrieve our mounts only to discover that Al’s horse had bolted and was heading for South Dakota at no mean pace. He gave us a hard run for about three miles before I cornered him under a cut bank and led him back. As I turned I saw Al slipping back and forth along a ridge; he would slip along a short distance, then crawl up and peak over the ridge, then slip back the other way and repeat the maneuver. I knew that he had a bunch of antelope spotted that were feeding along this ridge. As I came up to him, he said, “There is a nice buck in this bunch. Get �S... , Z ’ 1^4.. . '^t\,j..L~^ i(^ jl,£a^ ia-iA,^<r->^- tZu 'jA-i-ayf^ 4 �^>n4-€4^ / A f /k^ /\>«-i^vrT>^ ■iU^ tL krX^^ 7^ 9 / /ir\^'{^^^^ / /J �^'ir^ £r^ij^ o Sr o ^iMJji^ tk: • /(jyO yA T^«^ )/ iAT^ ' ,r ' . \± 4^ a « A )Swt/jtw-T^.A^ ^.»JZ<.-/'{^ �/kt, hy^eta^ ^:^JUt,,,ax<. 6| < f , ej Jj4^ tA}-i>><j4jf^^ P^. '^ ) s ^ f> ‘'’^ ^(/''■ftr^ A4Xt tZ 'l^ > �dx^44y>-A^^£x<z c> &-i^ ^??i#nv r^ CnnA< "KZ^ZfL �9^ =: -youo /i^ ^a' 2i-»^ <--^ ifi^-«=^12Z!pX^»cr--- /fete-v^u^^ 't^ • Ktur!^ f"^ �**(Ux><-x7 <3>t-<, QL o^.^M-'-y'-'-yi''^--''^^ ^t,ffzt''**'“*^ . 1, J-fvf Aj^ tb ^ku * ^t/CAX- �Whichever way Shb turn«rt lite eye i»tewsw3 confounded by the vastnees and varlety oi objecte. Beneath Mmn the Rocky Viountain£^n,8aoraipl to open all their secret receeeas; deep, soleran valleys; treaiured likeej dreary passes; rug­ ged dexiles, and toazning toxoents; while beyond theit savage precincts the eye «»s lost in almoct iiwneasurable landscap?; stretching on evry side into dim and hazy distance, like the expanse of a summer’s sea. look«8i Whichever way'ife beheld vast plains glimjiering with reflected sunshine; mighty streams wandering on their shining course toward either ocean, and snowy mountains, chain beyond chain, and peak beyond peak, till they msltMB like clouds into the horizon. df The peak upon whinh oi.y' standACommandte the whole Wind River Bhagh; which, in fact, may be consid­ ered one immense mountain, broken into snowy peaks and lateral spurs, seamed with narrow valleys. Pome of these valleys glitt.ersii with silver �lakes and gushing st reams; the fountain head, as it were, of the niighty~trib- utaries to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Beyond the snow pe-»ka, to the south, and far, far below the mountain range, the gentle river, C'lled the Swaetv^ater,x\ilj^ seen pursuing its tranquil way tlirough the rugged regions ot the Black Hills. In the east, the head- aters of the Wind/iver wander^ a plain until, mingling in one powerful current, they force# thelx way through the Fig Horn mountains and wm lost to view. To the north caught glimpses of the upper streams of the Yellowstone, that great tributary of the Missouri. In ether directions to be seen some of the sources of the Oregon, or Columbia, flowing to the northwest, p^st those towering land­ marks, Ghe thr^^Tetons, ana pouring down into the great lava plain; while almost a- feat, the CreenXiver, or the Colorado of the ^?e6t, ipt SQtS'forth on its wandering pilgrimage to the Gulf of California’; at first a mare mountain torrent, rtaahins northTOrd over ciag and preoiploa.in a euo- eeeeion ot ORoaaioa. end tumbling Into the plain, .here, expanding into an ample river, it oiroleS away to the aouth, and after alternately ihlning out and iie.-.ppeering in the mazes of the vaot landeoape, of mountains," S ■ TJ) I I I I I I I I I I / I/ lost in a horizon Wind river flow's toward the north through the Wind River canyon. As the water leaves the canyon it becomes Big Horn river. In this cawyon there are many interesting formations. Oblique’rocks'rise in sphinx-like shapes a thousand feet above the bed of the river. There are castle formations. Waterfalls corne tumbling out of the rock-formed canvon sides falling hundreds of feet, joining their voices ' with' that of the river in a mighty chorus that resounds like an echo through the flowing east and then south to the sea. Ten years after Bonneville visited these wonderful mountainsycame John C. Fremont, and it was on this expedition in 1842 that Fremont Peak and Freniont Lake were given a permanent name. Excerpts report to Congress enable the reader To gam a»» excebent word picture of this most beautiful mountain range: At sunrise a lofty snow peak of the mountain is glittering in the first rays of the sun, which has not yet reached us. The long mountain wall to the east, rising 2,000 feet abruptly from the plain, behind which we see the peaks, is still dark, and cuts clear against the glowing sky. The scenery becomes hourly more interesting and grand and the view here is truly magnificent. The whole valley is glowing and bright and all the mountain peaks are gleaming like silver. We come unexpectedly upon a most beautiful lake, set like a gem in the mountains. Here, again, a view of the most romantic beauty met our eyes. It seemed as if nature had collected all her beauties together in one chosen place. It is not by the splendor of far-ofif views, which have lent such a glory to the Alps, that these impress the mind, but by a gigantic disorder of enormous masses and a savage sublimity of naked rock, in wonderful contrast with innumerable green spots of rich floral be_auty, shut up in their stern recesses.” �“Lake Geneva” in the Big Horn Mountains under “Cloud Peak”-^fed by the waters of living glaciers^j^^There are more than 200 shimmering lakes and 1^00 miles of trout streams in this region. Peaks rising to elevations of from ten to twelve thousand feet may be seen from the Black and Yellow Trail which crosses this range. ParHre¥'4^^^©^‘^»atieTl'-»egal>d«^g---the bovettz-antP-GteyfeulL Laramie Peak/one of the most picturesque in the Kocky Mountain Region. The Old Oregon Trail, where thejCovered .M agon broke thro'Qgh, passes between this mountain and the Platte^River. It is tributary to the Park to Park and AtlanticYellowstone-Pacinc Highways, -(liswer^ Natural Bridge, on LaPrele /€Jreek, between Douglas and Glenrock, yone of the most remarkable freaks of rugged scenery in the Rockies. Located in a natural park setting it is the rendezvous for tourists and picnic parties. The immediate vicinity was the scene of many Indian skirmishes in the days of long ago and is along the route of the Old Oregon Trail. The Devil’s Tower (Matoe Tepee) of the twenty-four National ^Monuments, is located in northeastern Wyoming. Towering 1^80 feet above the Belle Fourche River, it is majestic and awsome. The shaft proper is 800 feet high above its stump. In the coloring nature has painted it with a multicolored brush and has excited the admiration of some of the most noted artists. It is tributary to the Custer Battlefield Highway and Black and Yellow 4'rail. G41L>4:tond a n CTmmf>»flMi>>fcbrhe-^Iejlly-<£iu-<xiah--cniap1ete informqtian Rugged Shoshone jGanyon west of Cody-on the road to grand scenic points of the state. The walls of the canyon are and Cedar^^Mountain on the left. The two constituted a single center of solid rock. At the upper end of the canyon is located voglnp the east entrance of Yellowstone National Park, one of the nearly perpendiculaiu with Rattlesnake Mountain on the right mountain urjtil the river cut a deep, narrow gash through it? Shoshone ^am, second highest in the world. T T. Premont Lake^in the heart of the Rockies, is one of Wyoming’s most famous sheets of water. Discovered by General Premont, the grea> pathfinder. The water of this lake is so pure it may be used in a storage battery. The lake is tributary to the Hoback-Canyon region, Safe in Jackson Hole, the wonder wild game retreat of the world. Elk gather by the thousands in their winter preserve maintained by state and federal governments. Under the shadow of the majestic 'Tetons it is a virgin wonderland where the elk, moose, deer and mountain sheep are making their last stand against the onward march of civilization. S7--i'f>-ieeli< gives-'ilhi«lu:a^ed-J^cij«?es^4«i--+ou*iBts--each .sunirti^. �J-l/L^t^^t-^T^^A-O-^ U si.,^ t>t 'Kji.f-^ <*^ ^)~-^ '>^ Cl.</xt., ................. . , . / ________ t. .^ •, e^ �-'^'M-***' "^“' , ■:^^c4»^ 6-^J- i^. gt.^..^^ JCg^^.,c-i£^^ ■' ^^''0-*..'^.^^^^ /&~MgZ^t ■*■ ■ r • - . -— -- - -W- , . , .. .-r- - 9 "' " —V ~ -.^-•**-«.-—»——^»»^—^BWW«-O.-»-AH«-*^-**—■**———-^ ^X^/vysj ^'“^-'J r?stt, ■^jrt/.^-VM^.. �i^Xtb '/lL.&^f >^*vJ 6(.fTf^ fUi-» ^tft-v>A4L . yxt>vv<vx^ Ij Cirv-c "T^ {^l^x.<u»»m«L<^^ a^ /\^ /le^ (^-C/f^ �V WYOMING FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE Wyoming is the health and pleasure state of the nation. It IS not difficult to demonstrate that Wyoming possesses more natural and genuine attractions for -the health and pleasure - .seeker than any region of similar extent in the known world. Her towering mountains, mountain-locked parks, her grand t/ rivers and awe-inspiring cartons and her broad areas, so tempt- V ing to the research of all, have reaped the richest homage from,—~ the most cap.'^ble explorers and the best scholars of our land " The savant, the sportsman and the pleasure seeker alike find their ideal, and the invalid requiring an elevated region, and in search of health-giving ^,atww-oii_^gfgm”esC , neverib* disappointed. Wyoming’s many natural resources have attracted within her borders the farmer, livestock man, the miner and the oil producer^^aitfd.in these lines the best efforts of man have gone tort^to make for the commonwealth a place among the lead­ ing states of the nation. Wyoming has been progressive. Capable hands have been at work to make thecate inviting to thewhether he comes by rail or motor. The three principal railways serving Wyoming are the Chicago and Northwestern, the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy and the Union Pacific. Its system of highways are built on the highest standards, great""' trunk lines^ are the Park-to-Park Highway/, and the Lincoln rHgfiwayi trtncr highways of national importance reaching Cl”* into every corner of the ,,H{ate are the Custer Battlefield, Atlantic-Yellowstone-Pacific, Black and Yellow Trail and the newly projected Glacier-to-Gulf Highway. Every city and village in Wyoming extends a friendly greeting to the visiting tourist and the homeseeker and have established information bur^^s^^i tourist parks^a««i camps comparable with the best in the nation.^ Tiw»^bg»6hure_Ls hut a. sbghi^rjKute-te-Wyo in-caeye -detail -ar-aa^^-cofiiaxacciaL^opganizatio»^^ -stfnriar seryrcer-We-iByrte-Hiquiri^s. s �Motor Travel Picturesque and Historic Wyoming The Casper District, Once Crossed Only by the Old Oregon Trail, Now Reached Over Great Modern Highways Alfred J. Mokler Assessed valuation of city property, approximately $27,000,There are five banks and tioo trust companies, with total resources of $15,750,000. Bank deposits have increased 1,100% in six years. Casper is the most important city on the Yellowstone High­ way, and a division point on both the Burlington and Chi­ cago & Northwestern railways. It has an abundant supply of rMtural gas, a great factor in the industrial development of the community. Caspers educational system supports a corps of 176 highly paid teachers; sixteen churches minister to the religious life of the community. The Casper Chamber of Commerce is a very active commercial organization; Rotary, Kiwanis, Lions and Business and Professional IT Oman’s Clubs are among the leading service organizations in the State. Casper, the County seat of Natrona County, fFyoming, has a population (estimated by averaging the increase of five business indicators since 1920), of 32,114, a gain of 180% in four years. In the oil refining industry alone, it employs approximately 4,000 men, with an annual pay-roll of $12,000,000. The daily output of its refineries is about 1,171,428 gallons of gasoline, 320,000 gallons of kerosene, 50 tons of wax and 20 tons of asphalt. Casper has 57 miles of water mains, 39 miles of sewers and 30 miles of concrete and bitulithic pavement; improvements by the city during 1923 totaled $770,000. Building permits by individuals and business houses, irrespective of the re­ fineries, totaled $4,063,618 during 1923. The building of the first units of the llliite Eagle Refinery was practically com­ pleted last year. any people have had an en­ erroneous conception of M tirely the extent of the Oregon Trail, which was at times several miles wide, and traveled for so many consecutive years that all of them could not fol­ low in the same path. The Old Ore­ gon Trail in fact “hugged” the hank of the North Platte Jtiver all the way from Fort Larami; to the Sweetwater. It not only f.-.lh wod the oorth hank of the Platte, but there were times when the emigrants stayed on the south side of that stream for miles. There are many crossings between the Sweetwater and old Fort Laramie, as will be seen from reading accounts of early trips over this route. Last summer the writer, in company with Ezra Meeker, patriarch of the Ore­ gon Trail, inspected an old crossing site just east of Glenrock, which is ap­ proximately twenty-eight miles east of Casper; and were confident that we located the crossing described in the diary of W. P. Woods of June 21, 1849. To all appearances the emi­ grants of the 4O’s and 5O’s crossed from the south bank to the north bank at this point; and crossed again from the north bank to the south bank at a point approximately four miles east of Casper. They crossed again from the south bank to the north bank at a point ap­ proximately and one-half miles west of the present city of Casper, and the trail is very clearly outlined from the crossing west of Casper all the way to the Sweetwater. In some places the trail is still visible thirty or forty feet deep in the sand; at other places out on the level plain numerous tracks are discernible, and the trail as a whole has rather a “washboard” effect. There is evidence that the Oregon 000. Trailers, or some of them at least, traveled the north bank between Douglas and Casper; and as stated be­ fore, there is unmistakable evidence that they crossed at a point three or four miles east of Glenrock, near where Deer Creek enters the Platte. They re­ crossed again three or four miles east of the present city of Casper, and again at a point about a tfiile and 'a haff, west of Casper, vdiirh was known as the Mormon Ferry in 1847, changed to Platte Bridge Station in 1858, and named Fort Caspar in 1865, in honor of Lieutenant Caspar W. Collins, who CENTER STREET, CASPER Looking south, with a dim view of Casper Moun­ tain in the background. The parked automobiles and buildings under construction index the busi­ ness activity and prosperity of the city and the surrounding region. 15 was slain by the Indians at this point. A ferry was in operation here inter­ mittently from 1847 to 1858, and a wagon bridge was maintained from 1859 to 1867. In view of these facts, it would be a mistake to say that the early emigration “followed the north bank of the Platte from old Fort Lara­ mie to the Sweetwater.” It is our opinion that while the trail followed generally the Platte Rivei all the way from old Fort Laramie to the Sweetwater, the emigrants were gov­ erned by the amount of water flowing in the Platte at the time they happened to be traveling. If the water was low, they undoubtedly made several cross­ ings; but if the water was high they evidently followed one side of the river as far as they could possibly go. The trail was never any great distance from the river on either side, and for that reason must have gone through what is now the City of Casper or its outskirts. We doubt if there was ever any great amount of travel along the south bank between the present city of Cas­ per and the Sweetwater crossing, for the reason that the walls of the can­ yons along the south bank were very steep, and the south bank is more mountainous from here on than the north bank. The Oregon Trailers could not possibly have taken a more southerly route passing a little below Casper, for the reason that they would be shut off by the Casper range of mountains. Thirty-six years ago there was no Casper; where the city is now located was then a sandy sagebrush flat, home of the prairie dog and coyote. It was announced that the Northwestern Rail­ way Company would extend its line to a point near old Fort Caspar during �Motor Travel the summer of 1888, and a town would be built at the end of the road; but its exact location had not been decided upon. John Merritt was the first to locate here; he came in on horseback early in June without even a tent. He had a round-up bed, a few provisions and an oyster can in which to make coffee —all brought on a pack-horse. He made his home under a cottonwood tree on the river bank at a point about due north from Ash street. C. W. Eads was the second man to come here to locate; he had learned that the railroad was to be extended and a town built at the end of the line, and wanted to be one of the first settlers in the new place. Mr. Eads ar­ rived in the evening of June 7, 1888, when he found Mr. Merritt preparing for supper by frying a piece of meat on a stick and boiling his coffee in the oyster can. Eads asked Merritt if he had any idea where the town of Casper was, and Merritt replied that he had been here for some days, but had not seen anything that looked like a “town.” Eads had a team and wagon, a tent, sheet iron stove, a few utensils and some provisions. With him were his daughter Fannie, and his son, Kise. The men put up the tent near the spot where Merritt was cooking his supper, and the next morning after breakfast they looked over the ground. They moved their tent to a spot now known as McKinley and A streets, where they established the town of Casper; others came in the next day after Mr. Eads arrived, and still others followed close­ ly in their steps. The temporary town was built near the tent which had been erected by Mer­ ritt and Eads on a strip of ground about half a mile east of where the Natrona County Court House now stands, the exact location being be­ tween First and A streets and between McKinley and Jefferson streets. About a dozen business buildings stood on this strip of land, half of them facing the south and the other half looking toward the north. The main street was running east and west, and was about the length of a city block. These buildings were, of course, only temporary structures, in which to transact business until the permanent location could be surveyed and platted by the townsite company. The material used in the construction of these buildings was plain rough lum­ ber, hauled down from a sawmill on Casper Mountain. A few carried on their business in tents. The flooring in most of these buildings, and in all of the tents, was just earth with the sage­ brush and cactus cleared off. There were three general merchandise stores, one drug store, a hotel, one restaurant and several saloons. Cowboys and Indians were about the only people that came in to do any trading, and they spent most of their time and money in the saloons. The railroad was built in and stopped near where the stock yards are located, about a mile east from the Court House. The first train arrived on June 15, 1888; there were about a hundred actual residents in Casper at that time; and the event was celebrated by the residents and visitors in a manner long to be remembered. The present townsite had not yet been sur­ veyed or platted when the railroad was built in; it was late in the fall of 1888 before any of the lots were sold, and none of the business houses were moved to their permanent locations until about the middle of November of that year. The first business lot to be sold in Casper was No. 13, in block 8, which is on the northwest corner of Second and Center streets, where the Stockman’s National Bank is located. Nathan S. Bristol, the purchaser, put up a small frame building on his lot, in which he carried a small stock of groceries and a line of grain and stock-feed. The employes of the store slept in this building, and for the first few years their beds were surrounded with sacks of grain to protect them from bullets often fired during the night by cowboys who had come in from the range to celebrate. The pros­ pects for Casper to become anything but a shambling, temporary frontier village were not very encouraging. Town lots were sold at a very small price and the buildings erected were put up as cheaply as possible. Most of the people in business here were of the opinion that the railroad would soon be extended; and it was their in­ tention to move further west with the railroad. Application was made for the in­ corporation of the town of Casper by John Merritt on April 9, 1889, to the Board of County Commissioners of Carbon County; there was no Natrona County then. The county commis­ sioners acted favorably upon the ap­ plication, and a to.vn election was ordered to be held on July 8, 1889. A mass meeting of the citizens was held at the Congregational Tabernacle on July 6 for the purpose of nominating candidates for mayor and councilmen; at the first town election George Mitch­ ell was elected mayor; Robert White, P. A. Demorest, A. McKinney and John Adam, councilmen. People who lived here then were Photograph from Casper Chamber of Commerce A CROSS SECTION OF CASPER, WYOMING Taken from a point somewhat to the left of the view on page 15, showing in the background an extensive vista of comfortable homes, nearly all built within com­ paratively recent years. The oil tanks seen at the top of the opposite page are only a short distance over to the right (across Center Street) from this view. 16 �Motor Travel From a Diary of 1849 Account of Crossing the North Platte Nearly 75 Years Ago.* W. P. Woods , hursday, June 21, 1849.—We an early start and drove 12 Tmade miles to the mouth of Deer Creek, where we found teams crossing the Platte. Four boats, each consisting of two dugouts fastened together, had been made by emigrants who had crossed before and gone on, others buying their rights and continuing the work. We paid $3 per wagon for the use of the boats, and swam the oxen. Just before reaching here the acci­ dental discharge of a gun by a mem­ ber of the Pittsburg Company, who was unloading a wagon to make the crossing, killed a man from Illinois, the ball passing through the body just above the heart. A man was drowned here yesterday; and just 12 miles above seven men have been drowned in two days while rafting their wagons across. Buffalo have been seen again today. A party of soldiers were met returning to Fort Laramie with some stolen cat­ tle and horses, and two of the thieves. We have driven the wagons on to the bank of the stream and the cattle over the hills to feed, and are waiting for supper. Friday, June 22, 1849.—We were roused early and in good season com­ menced crossing our wagons. The line for two miles along the river bank presented as busy an aspect as it ordi­ narily does in St. Louis, or any other small town in the States. Wagons in * See reference to this diary in “Picturesqu^^ and Historic Wyoming,” page 15, column 1. / pieces, boxes and chattels of al! kinds made a scene of extraordinary activity far out in this uninhabited western country. Our “boat” was called the “Two Pol­ lies and Betsy,” from there being two dugouts, with a log between them. Joining forces with the twelve Cincin­ nati mule trains, the “boat” started off in style with 30 men to cordelle it against the current. The men were obliged to work in the water, which rendered it quite unpleasant; but by ' 4 o’clock p. m. we were across and then drove the oxen down to swim. With all of our efforts, swimming and wading from that time until dark, we could only get three of, them to cross; so had at last to let them re­ turn to the shore, and weye obliged to keep watch of them until tnorning. The water is remarkably swift and cold, the low temperature probably due to our proximity to the snows of the moun­ tains. To the south of us, about four miles from the Platte, there arises a range of very high, pine-clad hills, which appear to terminate in the_Laramie Mountains. Saturday, June 23, 1849.—Again re­ sumed our labors by recrossing the river for the purpose of crossing our ox-teams, but at first with no better success than the day before. Here we witnessed scenes far surpassing any­ thing the imagination ever conceived— .the long to be remembered crossing of the Platte. No pencil can portray or pen depict the scene as it really was. From the report of the Fremont expedition of 1842 HOT SPRING GATE, WYOMING A deep channel cut by the North Platte River for about 400 yards through a sandstone ridge. Near this spot the westward Oregon Trail leaves the North Platte and crosses over to the Sweetwater River. 20 Fancy for one moment our feelings on observing the vast aggregation of oxen, mules, horses and wagons, mixed indiscriminately with men clothed, half-clad and even almost naked, en­ countering the elements that were tem­ porarily stopping our progress. By about noon we succeeded in crossing; but . both men and teams were ex­ tremely exhausted. /' The onlookers witnessed sights ranging from the laughable to the alarming. In one place six men were assisted ashore by hanging to the tail of a mule, with a rider on him at that, while in another case, extreme effort.s were being made to save a man from drowning. A boat sank with a wagon containing women and children, but was saved by striking a bar. I was carried by the swift current outside the jam of cattle, and saved myself by catching hold of the tail of one as I passed him, and letting him tow me to shore. Those scenes are over, though we shall long remember the crossing of the Platte. We yoked mir teams and drove on over a very rough and sandy road for about four miles, where we encamped on the river bank to feed our oxen and rest ourselves. Many a man here wishe.s himself back in the States. For two days a dense cloud of smoke has been rising from a hill far off to the south; it may be pine timber fired by Indians or hunters, or a bed of coal on fire. We are camped in a pleasant spot among a grove of cotton­ woods; the smoke from the stoves curls up among their branches. It has rained and hailed a little today; but at times the sand was so hot that I could not endure it barefooted, and preferred walking along on the prickly pears. Tractors Supplant Horses The tractor is slowly shoving the horse from Pennsylvania farms. In the past year 10,000 horses disap­ peared. There are apparently ample horses to go around, because, while the num­ ber decreased, the price has also gone down an average of $12. Over 218,000 farmers use not quite an average of three horses and mules. According to the Agricultural Depart­ ment the horse and mule power on the average Pennsylvania farm is worth less than $270. �Motor Travel The Indians of today frankly acknowl­ edge their ignorance of either its his­ tory or meaning. One Crow chief said, “It was built before the light came,” meaning it was prehistoric, while an­ other claimed it was a shrine for the worship of the sun. The Medicine Wheel can be reached by highway from Sheridan, Wyoming. The Shoshone Dam, built between the almost perpendicular walls of the Shoshone Canyon, backs up millions of acre feet of water, which serve to run a hydro-electric plant and furnish water for 136,000 acres of highly productive irrigable land in the Big Horn and Shoshone river basins. The Yellowstone Highway may be seen at the base of the right wall winding up­ ward and upward on its way from Cody to the eastern entrance of Yel­ lowstone Park. This scenic stretch of highway is rivaled for beauty by the Wind River Canyon road on the Yel­ lowstone highway and Two-Gwo-Tee pass route to the southern entrance of Yellowstone Park, through the famous Jackson Hole and Teton mountain country. Moose, elk and deer are still plenti­ ful in that vast region. Wyoming is the last of the big game states. Here in this virgin wonderland, the “Jackson Hole,” flanked on one side by the Tetons and on the other by’ the Wind River mountains, elk, moose, deer and mountain sheep are making their last stand against the onward march of civ­ ilization—the greatest foe to wild life. To the real sportsman, Wyoming is the greatest playground in the world; with the protection of the State the great elk herds which range in the Jackson Hole country, bordering the Yellowstone Park, are holding their own, while the moose and deer are said to be actually increasing in numbers. The antelope is the most interesting of all the game animals in the State of Wyoming, and in spite of the strict game laws the species is slowly dimin­ ishing. The largest live glaciers in the United States surround Gannet, Helen and Chimney Peaks in the Wind River range of the Rocky Mountains. These glaciers are located in Fremont County, Wyoming, and can be reached by pack train from Lander, Wyoming. The trip is not difficult for anyone who can ride horseback. There is a variety of scenery, lakes, canyons, streams, waterfalls, and a wall of ice five hun­ dred feet in height, clear and streaked with blue and green metallic tints. The water, as it leaves the snout of the glacier, is not unlike that which is discharged from the battery of a stamp mill. The stream passes under a natural bridge; from the top of this bridge one sees the water, blue and clear, disappearing through a deep box canyon, dashing over rapids to the foot of the mountains. These glacial streams never fail, and the dryer and hotter the summer the stronger the flow. Independence Rock, a mass of black granite rising out of the plains, about 55 miles southwest of Casper, which was the halfway station or resting place for the wagon trains on the “Old Oregon Trail” from Indepen­ dence, Missouri, to the Oregon coun­ try, is probably the most interesting landmark on the whole of that historic route. It was here that the Oregon travelers stopped to rest and refresh themselves. Here also they found pure fresh water and an abundance of feed for their stock; here they cared for their sick and buried their dead. Many graves of emigrants, even now discernable, bear mute testimony to the toll of death resulting from the saving of a vast territory for the United States. From the very first, emigrants made Independence Rock their camp­ ing place; and the custom of inscrib­ ing on it their names caused Father De Smet to call it “The great register of the desert.” Robert Stuart and his party passed by the Rock in November, 1812; Na­ thaniel Wyeth was there in May, 1832; Captain Bonneville’s party was there in July, 1832; Rev. Samuel Parker was there in 1835; Dr. Marcus Whitman and his bride and Rev. H. H. Spauld­ ing and his bride were there in 1836. These were the first white women that crossed the Rocky Mountains, and were the first white women to cross the American continent by wagon. Father DeSmet was there in 1840, John C. Fremont and Kit Carson in 1842; and from that time on until and including 1852, an ever-increasing tide of emi­ gration and travel went by on the way to the Oregon Country and California. Thousands of names, monograms and dates are chiseled on this massive rock, some of them dating as far back as 1832. Independence Rock is 193 feet high at the north end, 167 feet high at the south end, 1,950 feet in length and 787 feet in width. On July 4, 1920, Wyoming Masons celebrated the 58th anniversary of the first meet­ ing of Masons ever held in what is now the State of Wyoming, which con­ vened on top of Independence Rock, July 4, 1862. One of the best and most interesting pictures of the rock will be found in Chittenden’s “Fur Traders of the Far West.” Wyoming’s historical and scenic wonders are more attractive and in­ teresting than can be found in any other state in the Union. It has a splendid, healthful climate. The win­ ters are moderate; the summers are cool in the mornings and evenings, and pleasant in the middle of the day. Wyoming is a vast natural parkland, covered during most of the year with almost indescribable beauty. Photograph from U. S. Geological Survey ONE OF THE RED BUTTES OF WYOMING These conspicuous natural monuments are the result of extensive erosion from red sandstone of the Casper formation. This particular one is along the Overland Trail, or Lincoln Highway, about 9 miles southeast of Laramie City; but there is also an extensive area, known also as the “Red Buttes,” south* west of Casper. 19 �Motor Travel From a, drairnng by Blanche McManus THREE STAGES OF WESTERN TRAVEL First, the typical and picturesque cowboy and pony, now gradually disappearing^ second, the steam locomotive, whose tracks now almost literally gridiron the trans-Mississippi River country; and, third, the motor car, which within the past 25 years has become the well-nigh universal means of travel in the “wide, open spaces.” resembles the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. It has been dedicated by the Federal government to Natrona County for park purposes. This place was visited by a detachmenLof Captain B._L. F. Bonneyillelsparty in July, 1833, and was named by them the “Burning Mountain,” as it was at that time emitting sulphurous fumes and gases from burning bitu­ minous deposits. Captain Bonneville, an army officer, who secured a special dispensation from the army to conduct a party of fur trappers and hunters through what is now Wyoming, guided the first wagon train from the Missouri River up the Valley of the “Platte,” then called the “Nebraska,” and on into the Green River country which was then, except for the Indians, a hunters’ and trappers’ paradise. The Wind River Canyon Highway, one of the most beautiful in the West, passes through a most wonderful can­ yon of the Rocky Mountains, where its almost perpendicular walls tower 2,000 feet above the level of the river. This cuts through a crack in the rim of a natural basin in which is the city of Thermopolis, where some of the most famous mineral hot springs in the world are located. Among the numerous interesting formations is a huge shaft of granite shaped like the Washington monument, which stands out on a base half-way up the wall, and rises to a height of 750 feet above the base. The forma­ tion is capped by a sphinx-like head so apparently exact in its proportions that it has the appearance of having been chiseled by a master sculptor. Ancient castles, great tombs with sol­ diers standing guard, pyramids that might rival those of Egypt, were their history known, all look down upon the river and highway. - They Imve-- looked down fw aeonsof time, unmolested, as the walls are so high and precipitous that none have dared explore them. Small waterfalls and springs spouting water so pure and clear that it may safely be used in a storage battery, add to the many interesting things to be seen in this great canyon, which has only within the last decade been made to yield to the tools of man. Probably no other relics of early Indian occupation of the United States are so shrouded in mystery as the medicine wheels of the Big Horn Mountains in Wyoming. These, dis­ covered in the early part of the present century, have since been an object of much discussion and conjecture as to their origin and antiquity. In the American Anthropologist of March, 1903, C. S. Simms, of the Field Columbian Museum, gives an account of the wheels found on the summit of Medicine Mountain of the Big Horn Range at an altitude of over 12,000 feet. Mr. Simms was conducted to the spot by “Silver Tip,” a prospector and hunter who had lived with the Indians when a boy. The circumference of the wheel measures 245 feet. In the center, which corresponds to the hub of a wheel, is a circular structure built of stone, about three feet high; from this radiates twenty-seven lines of stone, forming the spokes. The outer circle or rim is marked at seven different places by stone structures, erected on the rim, except the one on the south, which is built several feet beyond, but connected to the whole by an elongated “spoke.” The eastern rim structure differs from the others in construction, and is nearly square; and, unlike the others, is higher, while the opening faces out instead of in. On the projecting slabs of this struc­ ture rests a perfectly bleached buffalo skull, so placed that it looks into the rising sun. Within the central struc­ ture, which resembles a truncated cone, there is a slightly circular depression in the ground. While the existence of the Medicine Wheel is, of course, known to the Crow Indians, and was undoubtedly erected either by their forebears or an earlier tribe, none know of its origin, excepting that it was made by “people that had no iron.” Several years ago a trip to the Medi­ cine Wheel was made by Doctor Long, of Sheridan, Wyoming, going up through the main canyon of the Little Big Horn. He says in writing of the trip that the history and origin of the Medicine Wheel is veiled in obscurity. From an old print INDEPENDENCE ROCK, WYOMING Famous as a resting place for emigrants on the long western trail; and the scene, on July 4, 1862, of the first regularly conducted Masonic Lodge meeting in Wyoming. A later view of Indepen­ dence Rock was shown on page 12 of Motor Travel for March. 18 �Motor Travel Photograph from Casper Chamber of Commerce A WYOMING “TANK FARM * Looking southeast over a number of immense oil tanks toward the Standard and Mid-West refineries: the city of Casper is in the left background and Casper Mountain in the extreme distance. There are more tanks in, this immediate vicinity than could be included in the view. Scenes like this may be duplicated to-day in several parts of the State of Wyoming. compelled to put up with many incon­ veniences and hardships that we of to­ day would think were terrible if we had to endure half the privations they did then. But they struggled on, and after about ten years the town proudly boasted of a population of 8J0; in 1910 our population was 2,639; in 1922 we were credited with 11,447, but we really had a population of 18,000 or more; and today there are at least 32,000 people living in the city of Casper, making it the largest in the state. We were made a city of the firstclass in January, 1917; we have thirty miles of paved streets, and the best water works system in Wyoming. The largest oil refineries in the United States are located here; and Casper is blessed with a happy, healthy, con­ tented and prosperous people. The first step toward the division of Carbon County and the organization of a new county was taken when a bill was introduced in the territorial leg­ islature in 1888 for such a purpose. The bill passed the legislative body, but was vetoed by Governor Moon­ light; the legislators passed the bill over the governor’s veto. On January 31, 1889, a petition was formally pre­ sented to the governor requesting that three commissioners be appointed for the purpose of organizing the new county of Natrona; but on February 26 the governor announced that he would not make the appointment, and nothing more at that time could be done toward the forming of the new county. Governor Moonlight was succeeded by Francis E. Warren, to whom a new petition was presented early in 1890, requesting that three commissioners be named for the purpose of organiz­ ing the new county of Natrona. On March 3, 1890, Governor Warren made the appointments as requested in the petition; the commissioners took the oath of office March 5, and ordered that an election be held on April 8, 1890, for the purpose of electing county officers and the selection of a county seat, the candidates for which were Bessemer and Casper. Bessemer received more than twice as many votes as Casper; but they were declared irregular, and Casper was named the seat for the new county. The newly elected officers took the oath of office and at a regular meeting of the board of commissioners held on April 12, 1890, the county of Natrona, Territory of Wyoming, was declared duly and regularly organized. The county derives its name from the natural deposits of natron or carbon­ ate of soda found in numerous basins and lakes that abound within this part of the state. Teapot Rock, near the Teapot Dome oil field, about 35 miles north of Cas­ per, from which the Teapot Dome de­ rived its name, is an interesting land­ mark and responsible for the name as applied to nearly everything in the vicinity. This rock is approximately 75 feet from the base to the top. At the left may be seen the “spout” of the teapot, which has the appearance of being about to fall; but has been standing at the same incline for years. Actual production in the Teapot Dome field is small in comparison with many other Wyoming fields. Its giant neighbor, the Salt Creek field, which in the main supplies four different re­ fineries in Casper, is considered by eminent geologists to be the greatest light oil field in the world. It can pro­ duce 150,000 barrels of petroleum daily under present conditions, against 4,000 barrels from Teapot. If Teapot were unknown or undis­ covered, the oil industry in Wyoming as a whole would hardly miss its pro­ duction. Casper, the oil center of the Rocky Mountain region, undisturbed by the Teapot investigation, continues to turn its wheels of industry, and is looking forward to continued develop­ ment. Casper ships more oil by rail than any other city in the world. “Hell’s Half Acre,” a tract of natu­ ral scenery, a marvel to tourists and travelers, is located approximately 45 miles west of Casper on the Yellow­ stone Highway. It is peculiar in natural and picturesque scenery, re­ sembling a giant bowl or depression in the earth, covering approximately 320 acres, which from its great depth, the coloring of its walls and pinnacles and the beautiful weather carving on the surface shales and talcs, enhanced by the contrasting colors of the strata. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 1-L Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Casper Tribune Herald Midwest Review The American Farm Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1925-1925 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Papers, NCA 01.v.1992.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Description An account of the resource This Letterbox contains an address to the Casper Literary Club on April 26, 1945, titled "This Changing World," a State of Wyoming Agricultural and Industrial Production and Miscellaneous Statistical Report, sections of the Casper Tribune-Herald from 1926, a paper titled "Know Your Wyoming," along with pages from The Citizen and Midwest Review from 1940 and 1925 respectively. Researchers will also find an article Mokler published in the May, 1932 issue of The Voice of the Sportsman, titled "Scenic Beauties of the West." There are also handwritten pages on the Oregon Trail, and pages from Motor Travel. The latter contain an article by Mokler titled "Picturesque and Historic Wyoming." This article discusses Casper and the first people to locate here. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/6816d5feb479b50fd2758af2fb5ae5ae.pdf 06f923487e40d712ff453c670fb6e661 PDF Text Text 2iJ^ Q*A«jt-u. ^^424*^ .■ ■ ''' < ?> ■'' ■ ' ’ X/^., ■ jllK^-. ■ -nmTierrt t'-'*' . ^>i-’..--'t:-‘.-.-'.ai«..MM**i-^-'^^^i?^=^^*-'->^ ‘»'««^‘^«--»-«^. ':i-r'g-.. �yv^ ,C4-"(a^ ol-JLt^ ''~hA7v^ j)^ ~ /iLe(p^ iC- -tC 1*J-mX «M a^ ktCc^ 1-^-^ <vi ->«-t*-«^ Ji.t.>M>()^ i^LiiJ-^ A-.^^ £^ 444zv^ l3 A J2jL.&-rt>1^->^^ A^u./jA>ft>Uj a^ ^yUlXh>^<A4, 4' /^-CAiJIAA-A^ n '/' ' "iL^ "^k^ZDCkz <5-Aa-z1z t^'«. 6--^-*-*v *v\a>6o^ ^HAl .———J ;,ts_?iS^KE’=., �ADDRESS BEPCHE SHERIDAN AND JOHNSON COUNTIES PIONEER ASSOCIATION Av. Stor'/, VJyoraing, August g4th, 1947 By Russell Thorp We vvho have experienced many of the pioneer days have an obligation to interpret them honestly for the benefit of our successois. This involves not only the preservation and making accessible of documentary material but the arrangement of historical objects in such a way that a complete and accurate story of Wyoming and its environs will be unfolded to those who visit our state historical museum and other historic shrines such as Fort Bridger, Fort Caspar, and similar places. The citizens of Casper and Natrona County did a fine piece of work in re­ storing old Fort Caspar. The members of the V/yoming Land Mark Commission, of which I have the honor of being a member, are now at work, through the generosity of the recent legislature, in restoring old Fort Bridger. We hope to make it so attractive in its restoration that thousands of tourists will linger annually to enjoy it and will learn from it much about Wyoming that they otherwise might not know. Because of its geographical location, V/yomlng has and will continue to be a most important link in the chain of western history. Although it was one of the last territories to be settled permanently, it figured in every important era of western development. Back and forth across what is now our state, went various Indian tribes, pathbreakers, fur trappers and traders, explorers, missionaries, soldiers, emigrants, miners, cattlemen, stagecoach men, freighters, railway builders, and homesteaders. Right now there is unprecedented interest in Western Americana. No doubt this is due to the fact that here in the West lie unmined treasures in the form of unpublished lore, unassembled historical data, uncollected relics. Professors, students, vrriters, publishers and collectors of all kinds of western data are finding VJyoming a rich field for their work. We must be alert to protect our interests and to save for our ovjn citizens what historical material we have left, before it is too late. VJyoming has long been a free foraging ground. Think for a moment of what has already happened to many of our treasures of the past. You all know how various scientific expeditions have come into ths state and have carried away some of the most remarkable dinosaurs and archaeological specimens ever dis­ covered. Not a hand was lifted to prevent these things from leaving our borders and going into museums in the east, or middle-v>Fest. You no doubt know, too, how trucks from California and other states carried away load after load of petrified wood from our petrified forest north of Medicine Bow, because we had no lav; to protect the removal of such matter from the state. �The sane thing has been happening tc seme extent to our -hlstarical materials. As early as th? 1330’3, Hubert Bancroft came into Wyoming and neighboring states and collected extremely valuable original manuscripts, records, pamphlets and bocks which ho placed in his large collection in California. Bancroft is to be commended upon the fine histories which he published and also upon the fact that he has saved for posterity much valuable data on the old West. But the fact remains that records which might now be within our own state are novr out in California‘because Bancroft was first on the job. It is true, of course, that it would be impossible to pass a law to pre­ vent individuals from giving away, selling, or destroying things of historical value which they own, but the state could provide inducements of such a caliber that our citizens would want to entrust their relics, manuscripts, photographs and pic neer keepsakes into the hands of the state rather than to let them go elsewhere. If a fine historical museum building were erected that would assure permanent security to donations, there soon would be a stream of valuable things flowing into the keeping of the state. I do not wish to discount the excellent work already accomplished in Wyoming. Much credit is due organizations such as the D.A.R., the S.A.R., county historical societies, the University of Wyoming, and the state his­ torical S'-'Ciety for past endeavors. The Wyoming Historical Society was established by an act of the legis­ lature in 1895. As originally planned it was to be "a safe depository for valuable books, files of newspapers, pamphlets, manuscripts, maps, charts, portraits, mineral specimens, and articles of value illustrative of the history and progress of our State,” A splendid start was made with Robert Morris as the first secretary. Volume 1 of the Wyoming Historical C-'llecti^ ns was assembled and published. Exhibits of relics and minerals were placed on display in the Capitol in Cheyenne. But as the years went by and the demands for more office space in the Capitol increased, the interest in the historical society seemed to de­ crease. The collection of the society was pushed arcund until it landed at last in boxes in a basement vault. The State Librarian, who was ex-officio historian, had only $250 appropriated annually for the work of the society. This sum was not even sufficient to bind the newspapers. No money was provided by the legislature for publishing historical papers, nor for traveling about the state to collect data. In the report of the State Librarian for 1916-1918 there appeared the following statement: "Wyoming is far behind other states in historical work simply because the matter has not been thoroughly considered by the Legislature, -2- �In 1919, the Wycning Legjsleturs Croated the 'Office of State Historian and. apnropriatei $5,000 for her vjork. This v/as reCueed to $5,COO by the Governor. Tv.'o years lete:^ r Stele Historical B'ard, a State Historian, an Advisory Board, and a Slate HiotoricaJ. Society were provided for by law. Later, as an eo.'>n'riy nieasure, the governor reconinended that the historical department be letumed to the State Librar’y, aa it is today. Time does not permit a disoussion of whether this is a satrsfactory arrangement. I do, however, wish to bring out the fact that the state has receive many valuable donations because it has not had a separate museum of sufficietn size and quality to attract such donati'^ns. not mere heresay. I quote from the Second Biennial Report of the Historian for Wyoming for 1922: failed to historical This is State y *An offer has come to Wyoming for a complete library of Wyoming and v/estem literature which includes almost every published book on this section and which is valued at $75,000. The conditions under which the state may own this priceless library have not as yet been met—the erection of a suitable fire-proof building in which to house it. This is a wonderful opportunity vrhich Wyoming should not allow to pass." The state did allow this opportunity to pass. The collection, assembled by William R. Coe, which in its final state was valued at hundreds of thousands of dollars went to Yale University. It is perhaps the most complete collection of its kind. Its loss to Wyoming cannot be estimated. At present a number of federal bureaus are interested in historical projects of me type or another. Included among these is the National Park Service, which has its so-called Historical Technicians who are at work on many commendable things. In one instance, however, it is reported that an historical technician was asked to unearth historical data to prove a national m<^nument historic after the monument had been created. The monument might be within the borders of V/yoming. I shall leave the answer to you. It is within the power of these various federal bureaus to put their own interpretation upon our local history, to select and reject data to fit their desires. I feel confident that a well-financed, modem state museum maintained by our legislative support, could put a much more unbiased interpretation upon Wyoming’s history and could create greater pride in the story of the state’s achievements than could be developed by technicians who are not sc in tune with the citizenry of our commonwealth. Speaking of state pride—let us consider the case of the Minnesota Historical Society, which is the oldest institution in its state. It is housed in a massive, threestoiTr, fireproof building, erected in 1918 at a cost of $500,000. In Wisconsin, the historical society has a building of Bedford limestone which cost, with equipment, $610,000. It is true that Wisconsin is a much older, more thickly populated, and wealthier state than V’yoming,but it is interesting to note that this magnificent sum of $610,000 was appropriated bv f^e state ’’e-sris"*atn’'ns of 1895- 1897 and 1899: �Nebraska, our neighbor, is nakirg a drive toward a new historical building. The Nebraska Eistorieal Society, founded and incorporated In 1867, id the oldest state institution in Ne’o:?asha. Great interest is be ■’.ng shovjn throughout the state of Colorado in the longrange improvement pr~gic,’i n w under way for the development of the State Museum, which is a sepai-’ « bui.lciing just south of the Capitol in Denver. Plans call for doublirg the present exhibit space and a complete reclasRification of some 20,000 exhibits in accordance with modern standards and for more practical use. As part of the work, exhibits will be segregated that are suitable for traveling I'^an exhibits, so that che Historical Society may extend its service throughout the state to local nureums, libraries, and schools. A second phase of development approved by the Colorado State Historical Society is the establishment of several branch or historic house museums at points of statewide historic importance. It is understood that the request of the Board of Directors for ^103,000 for the Museum improvement, to be provided from the Capitol Building Fund, was met with hearty approval by the State Planning Commission. It may be an inspiration to us here in the West who are struggling along faint trails to know that the private funds which made up the endowment of the Historical Society of Philadelphia total |1,250,000. The New York Society with its monumental home on Central Park West, is privately endowed at #4,600,000 and receives no financial support from the city. The teaching or writing about antiquity often fails to arouse a real understanding because it is not connected With any tangible experience of the listener or reader. Often, too, professional historians are apt to be more theoretical than practical. Historical societies with fine displays can prove to be real citadels for democracy. We all know that this is an age of visulization. The younger generation is notion-picture minded. Many Of our magazines are largely pictorial so that **he who runs may read." Our children have a well-developed appreciation of things they can see. There are so many diversions these days that the average person will not spend the tine digging out facts, as did many persons of an older generation. We must keep pace with the times in presenting historioal material in a visual fashion. It stands to reason that a person who has inspected a real state-coach will be better able to appreciate our methods of early transportation than one who has merely seen a picture of a coach in a book. There is one modem phase of historical work that could be expanded with a new museum,—the making available to the public of microcopies of �docunents, letters, papers, and other things pertaining to the 1 istory of the State which could not otherwise be consulted. In a recent issue of the Mississippi Valley Historical Revj ew there app'-o.red a statement to the effect that the records of the WyoLdng Stock Qrowors Association were "probably the most complete and valuao'e collection of oapers covering the range industry found anywhere, covering the period 1673-1923." This collection did not happen by accident. The officers of the Association carefully preserved all records and during the past decade especial thought was given to the indexing, classification, and permanent preservation of this valuable data vdiich now is housed permanently in the Archives of the. University of Wyoming. We have reached the place in the development of Wyoming where some of the oldest and most substantial homes are being sold. Family possessions are being divided, scattered, or destroyed. We must not delay. We must strive to provide a large, fireproof historical building of a caliber that will induce our pioneer families to deposit their possession within its walls. Teachers of history report that the better and more extensive is a person’s acquaintance with the history of his locality, the better he appreciates international problems. A study of past records shows that whenever the women of Wyoming made up their minds to elect a certain candidate, to back a certain legislative measure, or to kill a certain proposed bill, they were victorious. If you decide now to unite in a drive for a fine state historical museum building there is no question of the outcome. Such a building would serve as a stockade to fence Wyoming in and to prevent it from continuing as a free forage ground for hunters of Western Americana. -5- �fl. '3^ /i*'^ cry^ {j. fi^ mw/t /^4ZAJ^ ^ae^L^ zu^-^*--^ KA ^-rr-f>t^-f..-»^(^^ ‘K^ Xk.^M . ^'yJ-KjblA ^Ifi-A ix-’VX^, fh^. *q<vv--^'«>4: ;4-yv\4iZ£ ohjJ. rA<«^ n l^^^‘ -h QjezKXa^ < mJU^ A3 7'^ h^'^-:^ 1M4XX^ lXfi44>^Z, �^*'1^-v/^-v4--»\X-'3 r^~Q^ X^5-v\^ ^-4-^ ilo X<X444^ "tb ^y>A4h-6^ (prt^^ ec/i Zl4-4vi,^Xa 'X^xtCx^ *5’^ J242v^^^ ^uxkt^-h^^ �*. F. ?'5S£°TO ®' ’ , businessman and^ *«»•"’ •“” " ,Bi® Hennin.. ® cas.ee and P"°’^o^ntyVaimost*0^ T’^m'anXrd dividualism ana eh the \ a shai_e of g y^jj^seh. '4S"“s':2t?s ^^iSSrS' ^e^. come one hte con»- ’^CwcVmV^- ( ?T?he past 30 veais^th^ casper s^ t”"d moTt OWN COUNSEL nut e^vln^as ey<«e I man onh -was’ ’’c'tole actuahy ‘'^though \ VnoXdg® .u«ess he rea business succes ^y^y^ess•^?„'r. 1 w.»««“SF«’,»?“ .Si fmen,. then ne o^ ..ghow Lt ^e hotel ^‘’uni^l h«d'^ ' '.meetings. toemed _ soctftM bear his p i t''L, .W cohstthd'1 Lome/hat .^yyvely Um ^he Mid'^^^^ place ’.„®,ttad been hem , , needed gatherings^ y„ 1909,i^h; spirited citi to �FIRS'! 3OR \ ” ei ?^^?nrdrmX to \ i? WWssB?Si oS°si'SS’‘£sss bBafS;<rg\“« r^asthen 'US»-Sur .ort»“l®;S5 «i»f-c^Red, iSL: X ^^rogie^^^^^^^^ «. “■'s.jd B« »^ “^^^ '\ other'*« -I .1 ,Ue >■» “&«Saissks c ssriS” sb ss 't^® dUc|eho^h^;,ttrea^^^ m Henurng tire man -s c:;^mcit-\^ii;^,^S:^-^» ibeeir ®'g’^®tuck to tire guncli-\ who Ibis men nv^yor, t^^citizens ■ — From tha^....... . ? he imposed ess interesL he isired it. nraJority „„ Quaiity I, -ness mt men and tne r perseryering^ \ recognized tne^^arent m ^tti®'^ hired. 1 tiiey tiad porTUI^® „t -p Hen- i m o** -- to ..n.r.bomsv , Piece. uix^H''*’ cner. °’'h “ Bnstar^'^’ iotiem^ have .phe Bnsr ^ppgjai e.ejLexl -week Dr tir. de wa on» jac A red ’AS"S«'"•»' ““■ yni. tS' residence is one mnnino, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 1-K Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Russel Thorp Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1947-1948 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Papers, NCA 01.v.1992.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Description An account of the resource This Letterbox contains a handwritten paper on Steve Tobin, who came to Wyoming from Ireland in the fall of 1895 and "in charge of 120 blooded rams." He met friends of his from Ireland in Casper and it is here he came to be engaged in the sheep business. Researchers will also find an address by Russell Thorp to the Sheridan and Johnson Counties Pioneer Association and a handwritten paper titled "Grandeur of Teton Mountains." Lastly, there is a newspaper clipping on the death of Casper businessman W.F. Henning. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers https://caspercollege.cvlcollections.org/files/original/1bb14a6f063970cfbd1514451d86a84f.pdf d21ca0854d1f2601c3e5405e5eeb104f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes Subject The topic of the resource Local authors -- Wyoming -- Natrona County -- Casper Casper (Wyo.) -- History Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) Natrona County (Wyo.) -- History Description An account of the resource The Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are a series of the larger archival collection that are his papers. Both his Letterboxes and his Notebooks available in this digital repository include holograph manuscripts, which is to say, manuscripts written in the author's hand. Much of the material in Mokler's Letterboxes dates to the 1920s and 1930s. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letterbox 1-I Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alfred J. Mokler Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Frances Seely Webb Casper Tribune-Herald Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1947-1948 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Alfred J. Mokler Papers, NCA 01.v.1992.01 WyCaC US. Casper College Archives and Special Collections. Description An account of the resource This Letterbox contains newspaper clippings of articles written by Frances Seely Webb on Casper's first homes. There is also a paper on Shoshone Cavern National Monument. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENG Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. The reformatted text and images in the Alfred J. Mokler Letterboxes are for personal, not-for profit use of students, researchers, and the public. Any use must provide attribution to the Casper College Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center). While being the property of Casper College, all text, images and other materials are subject to applicable copyright laws. Commercial use, electronic reproduction, or print publication ot text, images, or other materials is strictly prohibited without written permission. All permissions to publish must be obtained from the rights holder and are not the repository's responsibility for securing. The rights holder may or may not be the repository. Users also agree to hold the repository harmless from legal claims arising from their use of material held by the institution and made accessible in this digital repository. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Goodstein Foundation Library Archives and Special Collections (Western History Center) Relation A related resource Alfred J. Mokler Papers